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Boulsover, Thomas (English inventor)
English inventor of fused plating, or “old Sheffield plate.”...
Boult, Sir Adrian Cedric (British musician)
English conductor who led the BBC Symphony and other major orchestras during a career that spanned six decades....
Boulter, Hugh (archbishop of Armagh)
English archbishop of Armagh and virtual ruler of Ireland at the height of the 18th-century Protestant Ascendancy, when Ireland was dominated by members of the established Anglican Church of Ireland....
Boulting, Roy (British filmmaker)
British filmmaker (b. Nov. 21, 1913, Bray, Berkshire, Eng.—d. Nov. 5, 2001, Eynsham, Oxfordshire, Eng.), created, in partnership with his twin brother, John, some of Great Britain’s most popular motion pictures of the 1940s and ’50s. In 1937 the Boultings founded Charter Film Productions Ltd. and began making movies, usually with one brother serving as producer of the films th...
Boulton, Edmund (English author and historian)
English historian, antiquarian, and poet whose lyrics are among the best in the miscellany Englands Helicon (1600), a widely known anthology of late 16th-century lyric and pastoral poetry....
Boulton, Matthew (British engineer and manufacturer)
English manufacturer and engineer who financed and introduced James Watt’s steam engine....
Bouma National Heritage Park (national park, Taveuni Island, Fiji)
...village is Somosomo on the western coast. Taveuni is known as “the garden island of Fiji” because of its abundant plant life, which includes several species found only on the island. Bouma National Heritage Park, on the eastern side, contains pristine rainforest and three waterfalls, each some 65 feet (20 metres) high. Copra is the chief product. The island has become a popular......
Boumbé II River (stream, central Africa)
stream that rises in the Central African Republic and flows south and southeast to form part of the boundary with Cameroon. After a course of about 100 miles (160 km) it joins the Kadeï River near Gamboula, C.A.R....
Boumediene v. Bush (law case)
case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on June 12, 2008, held that the Military Commissions Act (MCA) of 2006, which barred foreign nationals held by the United States as “enemy combatants” from challenging their detentions in U.S. federal courts, was an unconstitutional susp...
Boumedienne, Houari (president of Algeria)
army officer who became president of Algeria in July 1965 following a coup d’etat....
Boun Oum, Prince (Laotian prince)
Two movements sprang up at that time. The first was anti-Japanese and was represented by the court of Luang Prabang and Prince Boun Oum of Champassak; the second was anti-French (the Free Laos movement, or Lao Issara), was located in Vientiane, and was led by Prince Phetsarath Ratanavongsa. These two movements remained in conflict until French troops returned, which in early 1946 compelled the......
Bouna (African kingdom)
...18th century. Kong lasted until 1897, when it was destroyed by Samory Touré, who was in the process of creating a new Muslim empire that included what is now northern Côte d’Ivoire. The Bouna kingdom was created in the late 17th century by Bounkani, an immigrant from Dagomba (now Ghana). It, along with Kong, became a major centre of Islamic learning....
bouncing Bet (plant)
...in the pink family (Caryophyllaceae). While most are weedy, a few are cultivated, especially the trailing species S. ocymoides, with several varieties having pink to deep-red flower clusters. Bouncing Bet (S. officinalis), reaching to a height of 1 metre (3 feet), is widely naturalized in eastern North America. Its roots have been used medicinally, and its sap is a substitute for....
bouncing bomb (bomb)
British aeronautical designer and military engineer who invented the innovative “dambuster” bombs used in World War II....
bouncing Czech, the (Czech athlete)
Czech athlete who is considered one of the greatest long-distance runners in the history of the sport. He won the gold medal in the 10,000-metre race at the 1948 Olympics in London and three gold medals at the 1952 Olympic Games in Helsinki, Finland: in the 5,000- and 10,000-metre races and in the marathon. During his career...
bound alphabetical variant (logic)
...that does not occur elsewhere in its scope is known as relettering a bound variable. If βべーた is the result of relettering a bound variable in a wff αあるふぁ, then αあるふぁ and βべーた are said to be bound alphabetical variants of each other, and bound alphabetical variants are always equivalent. The reason for restricting the replacement variable to one not occurring elsewhere in the scope...
Bound Brook (New Jersey, United States)
borough, Somerset county, north-central New Jersey, U.S., on the Raritan River, 31 miles (50 km) southwest of New York City. The area was settled in 1681 soon after it was deeded by the Delaware Indians to Philip Carteret (colonial governor) and other men. The Staats H...
Bound East for Cardiff (play by O’Neill)
...of Provincetown, Mass., where a group of young writers and painters had launched an experimental theatre. In their tiny, ramshackle playhouse on a wharf, they produced his one-act sea play Bound East for Cardiff. The talent inherent in the play was immediately evident to the group, which that fall formed the Playwrights’ Theater in Greenwich Village. Their first bill, on Nov. 3,.....
Bound for Glory (film)
Original Screenplay: Paddy Chayefsky for NetworkAdapted Screenplay: William Goldman for All the President’s MenCinematography: Haskell Wexler for Bound for GloryArt Direction: George Jenkins for All the President’s MenOriginal Score: Jerry Goldsmith for The OmenOriginal Score and Its Adaptation or Adaptation Score: Leonard Rosenman for Bound For...
Bound to Violence (work by Ouologuem)
Malian writer who was highly acclaimed for his first novel, Le Devoir de violence (1968; Bound to Violence), which received the Prix Renaudot. With this work, Ouologuem became the first African writer to receive a major French literary award....
bound type (basketry)
A single layer of rigid, passive, parallel standards is held together by flexible threads in one of three ways, each representing a different subtype. (1) The bound, or wrapped, type, which is not very elaborate, has a widespread distribution, being used for burden baskets in the Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal, for poultry cages in different parts of Africa and the Near East, and for......
bound universe (cosmology)
The second assumption was to suppose that this homogeneous and isotropic universe had a closed spatial geometry. As described above, the total volume of a three-dimensional space with uniform positive curvature would be finite but possess no edges or boundaries (to be consistent with the first assumption)....
bound variable (logic)
If a is any individual variable and αあるふぁ is any wff, every occurrence of a in αあるふぁ is said to be bound (by the quantifiers) when occurring in the wffs (∀a)αあるふぁ and (∃a)αあるふぁ. Any occurrence of a variable that is not bound is said to be free. Thus, in (∀x)(ϕx ∨ ϕy) the x in ϕx...
bound water (mining)
The water adsorbed between layers or in structural channels may further be divided into zeolitic and bound waters. The latter is bound to exchangeable cations or directly to the clay mineral surfaces. Both forms of water may be removed by heating to temperatures on the order of 100°–200° C and in most cases, except for hydrated halloysite, are regained readily at ordinary......
boundary (land)
...Sea coasts, respectively, complete the northern border. To the west, Germany borders The Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg; to the southwest it borders France. Germany shares its entire southern boundary with Switzerland and Austria. In the southeast the border with the Czech Republic corresponds to an earlier boundary of 1918, renewed by treaty in 1945. The easternmost frontier adjoins......
boundary curve (phase diagram)
Point B is located on the boundary curve between the stability fields of low quartz and high quartz. At all points along this curve, these two phases coexist. Substituting values in the phase rule (2 + F = 1 + 2) will cause a variance of 1 to be obtained. This indicates that one independent variable can be changed such that the same pair of phases will be retained. A second......
boundary ecosystem (biology)
complex of living organisms in areas where one body of water meets another, e.g., estuaries and lagoons, or where a body of water meets the land, e.g., marshes. The latter are often called wetlands....
boundary layer (fluid mechanics)
in fluid mechanics, thin layer of a flowing gas or liquid in contact with a surface such as that of an airplane wing or of the inside of a pipe. The fluid in the boundary layer is subjected to shearing forces. A range of velocities exists across the boundary layer from maximum to zero, provided the fluid is in contact with t...
boundary lubrication (technology)
A condition that lies between unlubricated sliding and fluid-film lubrication is referred to as boundary lubrication, also defined as that condition of lubrication in which the friction between surfaces is determined by the properties of the surfaces and properties of the lubricant other than viscosity. Boundary lubrication encompasses a significant portion of lubrication phenomena and commonly......
boundary painting (Chinese art)
A term related to gongbi, jiehua, or “boundary painting,” refers to the accurate depiction of architectural forms with the aid of a ruler. One of the masters of gongbi is the 16th-century painter Qiu Ying....
Boundary Peak (mountain, Nevada, United States)
highest point (13,147 feet [4,007 metres]) in Nevada, U.S. The northernmost peak of the White Mountains, it lies in Esmeralda county within Inyo National Forest, 65 miles (105 km) west-southwest of Tonopah, Nevada. The peak is administered by the U.S. Forest Service. Its name derives from its location less...
Boundary Ranges (mountains, North America)
...the Chugach Mountains adjoining, to the south and east, the St. Elias Mountains at the Canadian border. The St. Elias Mountains, in turn, merge to the southeast into the mountains of the coastal Boundary Ranges, which, with the mountainous islands of the Alexander Archipelago, constitute the Alaskan panhandle....
boundary stone (ancient sculpture)
Examples of sculpture of which the positioning, or siting, as well as the imagery is symbolic are the carved boundary stones of the ancient world; memorials sited on battlegrounds or at places where religious and political martyrs have been killed; the Statue of Liberty and similar civic symbols situated at harbours, town gates, bridges, and so on; and the scenes of the Last Judgment placed......
boundary stratotype (geology)
The lower boundary of the Cambrian System is defined at a formal global stratotype section and point (GSSP), which was ratified by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) in 1992. The stratotype section is located at Fortune Head on the Burin Peninsula of southeastern Newfoundland in Canada. It contains a thick and continuous......
boundary surface (orbital)
...electron that occupies an s orbital can be found with the same probability at any orientation (at a given distance) from the nucleus. These orbitals are therefore represented by a spherical boundary surface (Figure 2), which is a surface that captures a high proportion of the electron density. The electron is more likely to be found somewhere inside the spherical boundary surface than......
boundary value (mathematics)
condition accompanying a differential equation in the solution of physical problems. In mathematical problems arising from physical situations, there are two considerations involved when finding a solution: (1) the solution and its derivatives must satisfy a differential equation, which describes how the quantity behaves within the region; and (2) the solution...
Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (Minnesota, United States)
...The International Wolf Center has a resident wolf pack and provides education about wolves. Ely lies in the heart of Superior National Forest and is the starting point for trips into the vast Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, which contains more than 1,500 miles (2,400 km) of water trails. Soudan Underground Mine State Park, about 20 miles (30 km) southwest of the city, offers tours......
bounded Burnside problem (mathematics)
Burnside was unable to answer his original problem, so he asked a related question: Are all finitely generated groups of bounded exponent finite? Known as the bounded Burnside problem, the distinction has to do with the order, or exponent, for each element. For example, Golod’s group did not have a bounded exponent; that is, it did not have a single number n such that, for any elemen...
Bounderby, Josiah (fictional character)
fictional character, a wealthy businessman in Charles Dickens’s novel Hard Times (1854). Bounderby uses everyone around him to further his own interests. He keeps the existence of his mother a secret as he perpetuates the myth that he began life as an orphan who had to struggle to survive and to establish himself....
bounds (land description)
limits or boundaries of a tract of land as identified by natural landmarks, such as rivers, or by man-made structures, such as roads, or by stakes or other markers. A principal legal type of land description in the United States, metes-and-bounds descriptions are commonly used wherever survey areas are irregular in size and...
Bounomos (ancient city, Greece)
ancient capital of King Archelaus of Macedonia at the end of the 5th century bc and birthplace of Alexander the Great. The city lay in northern Greece, about 24 miles (39 km) northwest of Thessaloníki. Originally known as Bounomos, the city developed rapidly under Philip II, but, after the defeat of the ...
bounteous immortal (Zoroastrianism)
in Zoroastrianism, any of the six divine beings or archangels created by Ahura Mazdā, the Wise Lord, to help govern creation. Three are male, three female. Ministers of his power against the evil spirit, Ahriman, they are depicted clustered about Ahura Mazdā on golden thrones attended by angels. They are the everlasting bestowers of good. They are worshipped separa...
Bounthanong Somsaiphon (Lao writer)
...despite these restrictions, Lao authors produced a significant and varied body of literature during the last decades of the 20th century. One of the most important and outspoken Lao writers was Bounthanong Somsaiphon, whose novels, short stories, and poetry provide invaluable insight into the rapidly changing realities of Lao culture and society under the communist regime. His important......
Bountiful (Utah, United States)
city, Davis county, northern Utah, U.S., between the Wasatch Range and Great Salt Lake, just north of Salt Lake City. The second Mormon settlement (after Salt Lake City) in Utah, the city was originally called Sessions’ Settlement (for Perrigrine Sessions, a Mormon pioneer who arrived in 1847). It was renamed Bounti...
Bounty (British ship)
English armed transport ship remembered for the mutiny of her crew on April 28, 1789, while she was under the command of Capt. William Bligh. See also Christian, Fletcher....
Bounty Hunter, The (film by Tennant)
...Truth, and later that year he appeared in the thrillers Gamer and Law Abiding Citizen. Butler played the title character in The Bounty Hunter (2010), a comedy that featured Jennifer Aniston as his ex-wife. In Machine Gun Preacher (2011), which was based on a true story, he portrayed ...
Bounty Islands (islands, New Zealand)
outlying island group of New Zealand, in the South Pacific Ocean, 415 mi (668 km) east of South Island. Comprising 13 granite islets with a total land area of 320 ac (130 ha), t...
Bounty of Queen Anne for the Augmentation of the Maintenance of the Poor Clergy, Governors of the (Church of England)
The Governors of the Bounty of Queen Anne for the Augmentation of the Maintenance of the Poor Clergy was established by Queen Anne in 1704. Into this corporation were paid the first fruits (annates) and tenths (decimae) of the annual profits, originally paid by clergy to the papal exchequer and later appropriated for the crown by King Henry VIII. The income was used primarily for the upkeep of......
Bounty System (United States history)
in U.S. history, program of cash bonuses paid to entice enlistees into the army; the system was much abused, particularly during the Civil War, and was outlawed in the Selective Service Act of 1917. During the French and Indian Wars, the Revolutionary War, the ...
bounty-jumping (United States history)
Bounty-jumping—the widespread practice of enlisting, collecting the bonus, deserting, reenlisting, collecting another bonus, etc.—was an inherent defect in the system. Many bounty brokers recruited men and pocketed a sizable portion of the bonus, or they passed off derelicts as able-bodied men to the recruiting sergeants, receiving their money before the derelicts were discovered......
Bouphoria (Greek ceremony)
Two days after the festival, on the 14th of Skirophorion, the ceremonial ox slaying, or Bouphoria, took place. Oxen were driven around an altar on which grain offerings had been placed. The first ox to eat the offerings was killed with an ax; its slayer ran away. A trial followed, at the end of which the ax was found guilty and thrown into the sea. The ox’s hide was stuffed and yoked to a p...
bouquet (floral decoration)
Plant materials are customarily arranged in containers, woven into garlands, and worn or carried for personal adornment. Flower bouquets that are carried include the nosegay and corsage. In the mid-19th century, the nosegay, or posy (a small bunch of mixed flowers), was much in fashion. No well-dressed Victorian lady appeared at a social gathering without carrying one, edged with a paper frill......
bouquet (cigar)
...as a corona, about 6 12 in. long; ideales is a slender, torpedo-shaped cigar, tapered at the lighting end, about 6 12 in. long; bouquet is a smaller, torpedo-shaped cigar; Londres is a straight cigar about 4 34 in. long. These descriptive terms appear after the brand name. A panatela is a......
bouquet garni (culinary seasoning)
bundle or faggot of herbs that is added to a soup, stew, sauce, or poaching liquid to give flavour. It is removed before the dish is served. The classic bouquet garni consists of sprigs of parsley and thyme and a bay leaf, tied together if fresh or wrapped in cheesecloth if dried. Celery, garlic, fennel, orange peel, and mar...
Bouquet, Henry (Swiss mercenary)
...swift movement, fire discipline, terror, ambush, and surprise attack. As frontiers expanded, colonists reverted to European methods of formal warfare with disastrous results until a Swiss mercenary, Henry Bouquet, trained his new light-infantry regiment to fight Indian-style in the French and Indian War (1754–63). (See also Robert Rogers.) Bouquet...
Bouraoui, Hédi André (Tunisian-Canadian poet and scholar)
Tunisian poet and scholar whose creative and critical works seek to illuminate the human condition and transcend cultural boundaries....
Bourassa, Henri (Canadian politician and journalist)
politician and journalist, spokesman for Canadian nationalism, and founder of the Montreal newspaper Le Devoir (1910)....
Bourassa, Joseph-Napoléon Henri (Canadian politician and journalist)
politician and journalist, spokesman for Canadian nationalism, and founder of the Montreal newspaper Le Devoir (1910)....
Bourassa, Robert (premier of Quebec)
Canadian politician (b. July 14, 1933, Montreal, Que.--d. Oct. 2, 1996, Montreal), as premier of Quebec (1970-76, 1985-93) during a period of escalating tensions between federalists and Quebec separatists, attempted to preserve the province’s French culture while maintaining unity with Canada. After earning a law degree from the University of Montreal, Bourassa studied at ...
Bourbaki, Charles-Denis-Sauter (French general)
French general who served with distinction in Algeria, the Crimean War, and the Franco-German War....
Bourbaki, Nicolas (French group of mathematicians)
pseudonym chosen by eight or nine young mathematicians in France in the mid 1930s to represent the essence of a “contemporary mathematician.” The surname, selected in jest, was that of a French general who fought in the Franco-German War (1870–71). The mathematicians who collectively wrote under the Bourbaki pseudonym at one time studied at the École ...
Bourbon (United States politics)
...regimes in the Southern states began to fall as early as 1870; by 1877 they had all collapsed. For the next 13 years the South was under the leadership of white Democrats whom their critics called Bourbons because, like the French royal family, they supposedly had learned nothing and forgotten nothing from the revolution they had experienced. For the South as a whole, the characterization is......
bourbon (distilled spirit)
whiskey distilled from corn mash; specifically, a whiskey distilled from a mash containing at least 51 percent corn, the rest being malt and rye, and aged in new charred oak containers. See whiskey....
Bourbon, Antoine de, duc de Vendôme (French duke)
...I de Bourbon, prince de Condé, and Admiral Gaspard II de Coligny—established headquarters at Orléans. The deaths of the opposing leaders—the Protestant Anthony of Bourbon, king consort of Navarra, and the Catholic marshal Jacques d’Albon, seigneur de Saint-André—and the capture of Condé caused both sides to seek peace. After the......
Bourbon, Charles I, 5e duc de (duke of Bourbon)
duke of Bourbon (from 1434) and count of Clermont. After having rendered notable services to Charles VII of France, he turned about and became—with Jean II, duke of Alençon—the leader of the short-lived Praguerie (1440), a revolt of nobles nominally led by the Dauphin (the future Louis X...
Bourbon, Charles III, 8e duc de (French constable)
constable of France (from 1515) under King Francis I and later a leading general under Francis’ chief adversary, the Holy Roman emperor Charles V....
Bourbon, duc de (French prince)
prince of Condé who distinguished himself in the Dutch Wars. He was the 5th prince’s second son and eventual successor....
Bourbon, duc de (French prince)
last of the princes of Condé, whose unfortunate son and sole heir, the Duc d’Enghien, was tried and shot for treason on Napoleon’s orders in 1804, ending the princely line....
Bourbon, duc de (French minister)
chief minister of King Louis XV (ruled 1715–74) from 1723 until 1726....
Bourbon, duc de (French prince)
one of the princely émigrés during the French Revolution....
Bourbon, Francisco de Asís de (duke of Cadiz)
the political maneuvering surrounding the dual marriages (October 10, 1846) of Queen Isabella II of Spain to her cousin Francisco de Asís de Bourbon, duque de Cadiz, and of her younger sister and heiress to the throne, Luisa Fernanda, to Antoine, duc de Montpensier, the youngest son of King Louis-Philippe of France. The marriages revived dynastic ties between Spain and France but caused......
Bourbon, House of (European history)
one of the most important ruling houses of Europe. Its members were descended from Louis I, duc de Bourbon from 1327 to 1342, the grandson of the French king Louis IX (ruled 1226–70). It provided reigning kings of France from 1589 to 1792 and from 1814 to 1830, after which another Bourbon reigned as king of the French until 1848; kings or queens of Spain from 1700 to 1808...
Bourbon, Île de (island and department, France)
island of the Mascarene Islands and a French overseas département and overseas region in the western Indian Ocean. It is located about 420 miles (680 km) east of Madagascar and 110 miles (180 km) southwest o...
Bourbon, Jean I, 4e duc de (duke of Bourbon)
count of Clermont (from 1404) and duke of Bourbon (from 1410), who was a champion of the House of Orléans in the Hundred Years’ War. He helped lead the Armagnacs in their resistance to the English king Henry V’s invasion of France but was captured at Agincourt (1415) and brought to Eng...
Bourbon, Jean II, 6e duc de (duke of Bourbon)
duke of Bourbon (from 1456) whose military successes, as at Formigny (1450) and Châtillon (1453), contributed greatly to the conquest of Normandy and Guyenne and the rout of the English. From Louis XI of France he received the governance of Orléanais, Berry, Limousin, Périgord, and Languedoc (1466) and became an ardent supporter of the crown. His brother, Ch...
Bourbon, Louis I, 1er duc de (duke of Bourbon)
son of Robert, count of Clermont, and Beatrix of Bourbon, who was made duke of Bourbon by Charles IV of France in 1327. He took part in several military campaigns, including those at Courtrai (1302) and Mons-en-Pévèle (1304), and twice was put at the head of proposed crusades that never took place. He was made the king’s gr...
Bourbon, Louis II, 3e duc de (duke of Bourbon)
duke of Bourbon (from 1356), count of Clermont and of Forez. He was an ally of Bertrand du Guesclin, the Breton-French hero, and a staunch supporter of John II of France; when John was taken prisoner by the English at Poitiers, Bourbon became one of the hostages delivered to the English as a guarantee of t...
Bourbon, Louis II de, prince de Condé (French general and prince)
leader of the last of the series of aristocratic uprisings in France known as the Fronde (1648–53). He later became one of King Louis XIV’s greatest generals....
Bourbon, Louis-Alexandre de, comte de Toulouse (French admiral general)
French admiral general, a son of Louis XIV and his mistress Mme de Montespan....
Bourbon, Louis-Auguste de (French aristocrat)
illegitimate son of King Louis XIV of France who attempted without success to wrest control of the government from Philippe II, Duke d’Orléans, who was the regent (1715–23) for Louis XIV’s successor, Louis XV...
Bourbon, Pierre I, 2e duc de (duke of Bourbon)
duke of Bourbon (from 1342), diplomat and governor during the reigns of Philip VI and John II of France. After campaigns in Brittany (1341–43), he was made governor of the Languedoc. He subsequently negotiated numerous treaties and was made lieutenant general of Bourbonnais, Auvergne, Berry, and Marche. He fought at t...
Bourbon, Pierre II, 7e duc de (French duke)
duke of Bourbon (from 1488) and seigneur de Beaujeu (from 1474)....
Bourbon Restoration (French history [1814-30])
(1814–30) in France, the period that began when Napoleon I abdicated and the Bourbon monarchs were restored to the throne. The First Restoration occurred when Napoleon fell from power and Louis XVIII became king. Louis’ reign was interrupted by Napoleon’s return to France (see Hundred Days...
Bourbon Royal Palace (palace, Caserta, Italy)
...the 8th century, lies on hills 3 miles (5 km) north-northeast of the modern city, which was a village known as Torre belonging to the Caetani family of Sermoneta until the construction there of the Bourbon Royal Palace in the 18th century. San Leucio, 2 miles (3 km) north, is a village founded by Ferdinand IV, king of Naples, in 1789; it has large silk factories. In the Italian Risorgimento......
Bourbon Street (street, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States)
...is the historic French Market. Curio and antique collectors throng the many shops on Royal Street. Side streets are lined with art galleries, perfume shops, sidewalk cafés, and tearooms. Bourbon Street is famous for its nightclubs, where music (notably jazz) and risqué floor shows are a specialty. Devotees of jazz may also visit Preservation Hall, where revivals of traditional......
Bourbon vanilla (plant)
The vanilla beans of commerce are the cured, unripe fruit of Vanilla planifolia, Mexican or Bourbon vanilla, which is native to Mexico, Central America, and northern South America; or Vanilla tahitensis, Tahiti vanilla, which is native to Oceania. The principal sources of vanilla are Madagascar, the Comoros, and Réunion, which together furnish about 70 to 75 percent of the......
bourbon whiskey (distilled spirit)
whiskey distilled from corn mash; specifically, a whiskey distilled from a mash containing at least 51 percent corn, the rest being malt and rye, and aged in new charred oak containers. See whiskey....
Bourbon-Condé, Anne-Geneviève de (French princess)
French princess remembered for her beauty and amours, her influence during the civil wars of the Fronde, and her final conversion to Jansenism....
Bourbonnais (region, France)
historic and cultural region encompassing approximately the same area as the central French département of Allier and coextensive with the former province of Bourbonnais....
Bourboune, Mourad (African author)
Algerian novelist who, like many young Algerian writers in the decades following their country’s independence, criticized the oppressiveness of the new state as well as its religious traditionalism....
Bourchier, John (English statesman and author)
English writer and statesman, best known for his simple, fresh, and energetic translation (vol. 1, 1523; vol. 2, 1525) from the French of Jean Froissart’s Chroniques....
Bourchier, Thomas (English cardinal and archbishop)
English cardinal and archbishop of Canterbury who maintained the stability of the English church during the Wars of the Roses (1455–85) between the houses of York and Lancaster....
Bourdaloue, Louis (French priest)
French Jesuit, held by many to have been the greatest of the 17th-century court preachers....
Bourdeille, Pierre de, Abbé et Seigneur de Brantôme (French author)
soldier and chronicler, author of a valuable and informative account of his own life and times....
Bourdelle, Antoine (French sculptor)
French sculptor whose works—exhibiting exaggerated, rippling surfaces mingled with the flat, decorative simplifications of Archaic Greek and Romanesque art—introduced a new vigour and strength into the sculpture of the early 20th century....
Bourdelle, Émile-Antoine (French sculptor)
French sculptor whose works—exhibiting exaggerated, rippling surfaces mingled with the flat, decorative simplifications of Archaic Greek and Romanesque art—introduced a new vigour and strength into the sculpture of the early 20th century....
Bourdet, Claude (French journalist and human rights activist)
French human rights activist and journalist who led the French Resistance during World War II and was a prominent figure in the Parisian leftist intelligentsia as cofounder and editor of the political weekly France-Observateur (b. Oct. 28, 1909-...
Bourdet, Édouard (French dramatist)
French dramatist noted for his satirical and psychological analyses of contemporary social problems....
Bourdic, Gaston (French peasant)
...Marseille, and Normandy and seriously threatened the Revolution internally at a time when it had just suffered a military defeat at Neerwinden (March 18). The peasant leaders Jacques Cathelineau, Gaston Bourdic, and Jean-Nicolas Stofflet were joined by royalist nobles such as Charles Bonchamps, Marquis de Bonchamps, Maurice Gigost d’Elbée, François-Athanase Charette de La.....
Bourdieu, Pierre (French sociologist and public intellectual)
French sociologist (b. Aug. 1, 1930, Denguin, France—d. Jan. 23, 2002, Paris, France), was a public intellectual in the tradition of Émile Zola and Jean-Paul Sartre. Bourdieu’s concept of habitus (socially acquired dispositions) was influential in recent postmodernist humanities and social sciences. He taught at a lycée in Moulins (1955–58), the U...