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Robinson, Smokey (American singer-songwriter)
American vocal group that helped define the Motown sound of the 1960s; led by one of the most gifted, influential singer-songwriters in 20th-century popular music. In addition to Smokey Robinson, byname of William Robinson (b. Feb. 19, 1940...
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Robinson, Sugar Ray (American boxer)
American professional boxer, six times a world champion: once as a welterweight (147 pounds), from 1946 to 1951, and five times as a middleweight (160 pounds), between 1951 and 1960. He is considered by many authorities to have been the best fighter in history....
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Robinson, Sylvia (American singer and producer)
Launched in 1979 by industry veterans Sylvia and Joe Robinson as a label for rap music (at that time a new genre), Sugar Hill Records, based in Englewood, New Jersey, was named after the upmarket section of Harlem and funded by Manhattan-based distributor Maurice Levy. Sylvia (born Sylvia Vanderpool) had a national hit in 1957 with “Love Is Strange” as half of the duo Mickey and......
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Robinson, V. Gene (American bishop)
ninth Episcopalian bishop of New Hampshire and the first openly gay bishop in the Anglican Communion....
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Robinson, Wilbert (American baseball player)
ninth Episcopalian bishop of New Hampshire and the first openly gay bishop in the Anglican Communion.......
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Robinson, William (British landscape designer)
British landscape designer who was a leading exponent of the wild, or natural, garden, which he advocated in voluminous writings, intemperately expressed, throughout a long life....
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Robinson, William (American singer-songwriter)
American vocal group that helped define the Motown sound of the 1960s; led by one of the most gifted, influential singer-songwriters in 20th-century popular music. In addition to Smokey Robinson, byname of William Robinson (b. Feb. 19, 1940...
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Robinson, William E. (American magician)
American conjurer who gained fame in England by impersonating a Chinese magician, both on and off the stage....
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Robinson, William Heath (British cartoonist)
British cartoonist, book illustrator, and designer of theatrical scenery, who was best known for his cartoons that featured fantastic machinery....
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Robinson-Danforth Commission Company (American company)
former American manufacturer of cereals, packaged foods, pet food, and livestock feed. A merger with Nestlé in December 2001 created Nestlé Purina PetCare Company....
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Robinson-Patman Act (United States [1936])
...as were discriminatory freight (shipping) agreements and the distribution of sales territories among so-called natural competitors. Two sections of the Clayton Act were later amended by the Robinson-Patman Act (1936) and the Celler-Kefauver Act (1950) to fortify its provisions. The Robinson-Patman amendment made more enforceable Section 2, which relates to price and other forms of......
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robinsonade (literature)
any novel written in imitation of Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe (1719–22) that deals with the problem of the castaway’s survival on a desert island....
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Robinsonville (Mississippi, United States)
...Mississippi Delta region before settling briefly in Memphis, Tenn., with her first husband (Robert Dodds, who had changed his surname to Spencer). The bulk of Johnson’s youth, however, was spent in Robinsonville, Miss., with his mother and her second husband (Dusty Willis). There Johnson learned to play the Jew’s harp and harm...
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Robiquet, Pierre-Jean (French chemist)
...analgesic drug. Codeine exerts its effects by acting on the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). First isolated by French chemist Pierre-Jean Robiquet in 1832, codeine may be extracted directly from opium, but most codeine is produced from morphine, another opium derivative. Because of its narcotic effects, the distribution of......
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Robison, Emily (American musician)
Sisters Martie Maguire (born Martha Elenor Erwin on Oct. 12, 1969, in York, Pa.) and Emily Robison (born Emily Burns Erwin on Aug. 16, 1972, in Pittsfield, Mass.) began performing together in their teens. They first formed the Dixie Chicks in Dallas in 1989. The group originally included guitarist Robin Lynn Macy, who left in 1992, and vocalist Laura Lynch, who was replaced in 1995 by Maines......
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roble beech (tree)
The wavy-leaved Antarctic beech, or nire (Nothofagus antarctica), and the roble beech (N. obliqua), both 30-m trees native to Chile and Argentina, differ from other species of false beech in being deciduous; they are planted as ornamentals on other continents. The pink-brown hardwood of the Antarctic beech is used in......
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Roblès, Emmanuel (Algerian-French author)
Algerian-French novelist and playwright whose works came out of the war and political strife that he witnessed in Europe and North Africa. A common guiding theme in his writings is the stubborn resistance of heroes to their political or social tormentors. The Roblès’ rebel, however, knows how to savour his shor...
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Roblès, Emmanuel François (Algerian-French author)
Algerian-French novelist and playwright whose works came out of the war and political strife that he witnessed in Europe and North Africa. A common guiding theme in his writings is the stubborn resistance of heroes to their political or social tormentors. The Roblès’ rebel, however, knows how to savour his shor...
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Robles, Marco A. (president of Panama)
...and he became a front-runner in the presidential election of 1964; however, the National Guard intimidated voters who wished to support Arias, and the former secretary to the National Guard, Marco A. Robles, was declared the winner. Under Robles the economy of Panama was uneven. In January 1964 anti-U.S. riots were sparked when high school students in the Canal Zone used force to prevent......
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RoboCup (sports)
...In 1993 an international community of researchers organized a long-term program to develop robots capable of playing this sport, with progress tested in annual machine tournaments. The first RoboCup games were held in 1997 in Nagoya, Japan, with teams entered in three competition categories: computer simulation, small robots, and......
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Robosi (South African king)
Southern African king of the Lozi, from the Luyana lineage, one of a restored line of Lozi kings that recovered control of Barotseland (Bulozi) in the decades following the 1851 death of the Kololo conqueror, Sebetwane. Fearful of attack from the Portuguese (in Angola to the west) and from the Ndebele (Matabele) to the east, Lewanika brought...
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robot (technology)
any automatically operated machine that replaces human effort, though it may not resemble human beings in appearance or perform functions in a humanlike manner. By extension, robotics is the engineering discipline dealing with the design, construction, and operation of robots....
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robot manipulator (robotics)
The most widely accepted definition of an industrial robot is one developed by the Robotic Industries Association:An industrial robot is a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move materials, parts, tools, or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks....
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robotics (technology)
Design, construction, and use of machines (robots) to perform tasks done traditionally by human beings. Robots are widely used in such industries as automobile manufacture to perform simple repetitive tasks, and in industries where work must be performed in environments hazardous to humans. Many aspects of robotics involve ...
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Robotpatent (Austrian law)
(German: “Forced-Labour Patent”), law governing compulsory labour, performed by peasants for their lord in the Austrian domains. Enactments from earlier times existed throughout the Austrian domains, such as a Hungarian one that was issued as a penalty in 1514 following an abortive peasant revolt. This decreed that the peasants should work 52 days a year of haulag...
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Robrecht de Fries (count of Flanders)
count of Flanders (1071–93), second son of Count Baldwin V. In 1063 he married Gertrude and became guardian of her son, who had inherited Frisia east of the Scheldt River. Upon this marriage, Robert’s father also invested him with Imperial Flanders, including the islands of...
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Robrecht van Jeruzalem (count of Flanders)
count of Flanders (1093–1111), one of the most celebrated of crusaders. The son of Robert I, he sailed for the Holy Land on the First Crusade in 1096 and earned fame perhaps second only to that of Godfrey of Bouillon. Returning to Flanders in 11...
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Robson, Dame Flora (British actress)
British actress renowned for the excellence of her performances on the stage and in motion pictures....
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Robson, Dame Flora McKenzie (British actress)
British actress renowned for the excellence of her performances on the stage and in motion pictures....
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Robson, Eleanor (American actress and philanthropist)
Eleanor Belmont, née Robson (b. Dec. 13, 1879, Wigan, Lancashire, Eng.—d. Oct. 24, 1979, New York, N.Y., U.S.), was the second wife of August Belmont, Jr. She began her career as a successful actress in San Francisco and then achieved a series of triumphs on the Broadway stage beginning in 1903 with her leading role in Merely Mary Ann. She retired from the theatre when she......
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Robson, Jennifer Mary (prime minister of New Zealand)
New Zealand politician who was New Zealand’s first female prime minister (1997–99)....
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Robson, Mount (mountain, British Columbia, Canada)
peak in eastern British Columbia, Can., 50 miles (80 km) west-northwest of Jasper, Alta. Rising above Kinney Lake and overlooking Yellowhead Pass to the east, Mount Robson is the ...
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Robson, Sir Bobby (British association football player and manager)
Feb. 18, 1933Sacriston, Durham county, Eng.July 31, 2009Durham countyBritish association football (soccer) player and manager who was one of England’s most respected players and managers. At the height of his professional career, Robson played 20 matches with the national team, inclu...
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Robson, Sir Robert William (British association football player and manager)
Feb. 18, 1933Sacriston, Durham county, Eng.July 31, 2009Durham countyBritish association football (soccer) player and manager who was one of England’s most respected players and managers. At the height of his professional career, Robson played 20 matches with the national team, inclu...
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Robson Square (civic centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada)
...with his plan for Simon Fraser University (1963–65), designed with Geoffrey Massey, which included an enormous skylit indoor plaza that served as a sensitive response to a cool, rainy climate. Robson Square, Vancouver (1978–79), a large civic centre, incorporates waterfalls, a roof.....
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robust australopithecine (paleontology)
South African paleoanthropological site best known for its fossils of Paranthropus robustus. Kromdraai is a limestone cave that has occasionally had openings to the surface. The remains of hominins (members of the human lineage) found in it are associated with animals that are thought to be about two million years old and......
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Robusti, Domenico (Italian painter)
In 1555 Tintoretto, now a famous and sought-after painter, married Faustina Episcopi, who, affectionate and devoted, bore him eight children. At least three of them—Marietta, Domenico, and Marco—learned their father’s trade and became his associates. An artist of indefatigable activity and a veritable fury of creativity, Tintoretto spent most of his life in the bosom of his fa...
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Robusti, Jacopo (Italian painter)
great Italian Mannerist painter of the Venetian school and one of the most important artists of the late Renaissance. His paintings include Vulcan Surprising Venus and Mars, the Mannerist Christ and the Adulteress, and his masterpiece of 1594, The Last Supper of S. Giorgio Maggiore. Increasingly ...
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Robusti, Marietta (Italian painter)
In 1555 Tintoretto, now a famous and sought-after painter, married Faustina Episcopi, who, affectionate and devoted, bore him eight children. At least three of them—Marietta, Domenico, and Marco—learned their father’s trade and became his associates. An artist of indefatigable activity and a veritable fury of creativity, Tintoretto spent most of his life in the bosom of his fa...
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Roby (England, United Kingdom)
urban area, metropolitan borough of Knowsley, metropolitan county of Merseyside, historic county of Lancashire, England. It lies on the eastern periphery of Liverpool. Although mentioned (as Hitune and Rabil) in Domesday Book...
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roc (legendary bird)
gigantic legendary bird, said to carry off elephants and other large beasts for food. It is mentioned in the famous collection of Arabic tales, The Thousand and One Nights, and by the Venetian traveler Marco Polo, who referred to it in describin...
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Roc, Patricia (British actress)
British actress (b. June 7, 1915, London, Eng.—d. Dec. 30, 2003, Locarno, Switz.), was one of Britain’s top box-office screen stars in the 1940s and early ’50s, particularly in such dramas as Millions Like Us (1943), The Wicked Lady (1945), Canyon Passage (1946), her only Hollywood movie, and When the Bough Breaks (1947). ...
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roça (Brazilian farm)
...with the indigenous people, becoming accustomed to manioc (cassava) as their staple rather than wheat, which grew poorly in much of the region. Two types of agricultural establishments emerged: roças, which were food farms or truck gardens near towns, and fazendas, or export enterprises. The last were mainly sugar plantations, which were not yet very prosperous, even though......
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Roca, Cabo da (cape, Portugal)
promontory in Portugal, and the westernmost point of continental Europe. It lies on the Atlantic coast of Lisboa district, about 25 miles (40 km) west-northwest of Lisbon. Known to the Romans as Promontorium Magnum, the cape is a narrow granite cliff, 472 feet (144 m) high, forming the western end of the ...
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Roca, Cape (cape, Portugal)
promontory in Portugal, and the westernmost point of continental Europe. It lies on the Atlantic coast of Lisboa district, about 25 miles (40 km) west-northwest of Lisbon. Known to the Romans as Promontorium Magnum, the cape is a narrow granite cliff, 472 feet (144 m) high, forming the western end of the ...
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Roca, Julio Argentino (president of Argentina)
General Julio Argentino Roca, who was also from San Miguel de Tucumán and who had influence in Córdoba, became the next president (1880–86). Roca had led a brilliant military career that included directing the Conquest of the Desert, the campaign that brought the Indian wars to a close in 1879. This opened the southern and western Pampas and the northern reaches of Patagonia.....
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Roca-Runciman Agreement (Argentina-United Kingdom [1933])
a three-year trade pact between Argentina and Great Britain, signed in May 1933, that guaranteed Argentina a fixed share in the British meat market and eliminated tariffs on Argentine cereals. In return, Argentina agreed to restrictions with regard to trade and currency exchange, and it preserved Britain’s commercial interests in the country. It was sig...
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Rocafuerte, Vicente (president of Ecuador)
...foundation of the republic in 1830. During the period 1830–45 two leaders from the wars of independence—Juan José Flores and Vicente Rocafuerte—struggled for power; Flores found much of his support in Quito, Rocafuerte in Guayaquil. Hostility was not constant, and for a few years the rivals agreed to alternate in...
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rocaille (decorative art)
in Western architecture and decorative arts, 18th-century style featuring elaborately stylized shell-like, rocklike, and scroll motifs. Rocaille is one of the more prominent aspects of the Rococo style of architecture and decoration that developed in F...
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Rocamadour (village, France)
village, Lot département, Midi-Pyrénées région, southwestern France. Its buildings, overlooked by a 14th-century château, rise in stages above the gorge of the Alzou River. Rocamadour owes its origin, according to tradition, to St. Amadour (or Amateur...
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Rocard, Michel Louis Leon (premier of France)
French public servant and politician who was premier of France from 1988 to 1991....
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Rocard, Yves-André (French mathematician and physicist)
French mathematician and physicist who contributed to the development of the French atomic bomb and to the understanding of such diverse fields of research as semiconductors, seismology, and radio astronomy....
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Rocca (castle, Italy)
...by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo; the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore (begun 1137, rebuilt 14th and 15th centuries); the baptistery (1340); and the Palazzo della Ragione (rebuilt 1538–54). The Rocca, a 14th-century castle, houses the Roman and Risorgimento museums, and the old citadel has a museum of geology and natural history. The......
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Rocca, Roberto (Italian-Argentine businessman)
Italian-born Argentine businessman (b. February 1922, Milan, Italy—d. June 10, 2003, Milan), transformed Techint, a steel corporation founded in 1945 by his father, into Argentina’s largest conglomerate, with more than 100 companies worldwide operating in such fields as construction, oil and gas, engineering, telecommunications, and health ...
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Roccella (lichen genus)
genus of tropical fruticose lichen, an important source of the dye orchil and litmus....
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Roccella tinctorum (lichen)
...coloured organic compounds obtained from several species of lichens that grow in the Netherlands, particularly Lecanora tartarea and Roccella tinctorum. Litmus turns red in acidic solutions and blue in alkaline solutions and is the oldest and most commonly used indicator of...
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Rocco, San (Roman Catholic saint)
...Grande di S. Rocco decided to have the Sala dell’Albergo decorated with paintings, in place of the movable decorations used during feast days. S. Rocco (St. Roch) is the protector against plagues; the numerous epidemics of that period had given new impetus to the cult of the saint and caused great riches to flow to the Scuola, which ...
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Roccus americanus (fish)
...North America and Europe. A few of these fishes, such as the striped bass (Morone, or Roccus, saxatilis), enter rivers to spawn. The white perch (M. americana, or R. americanus), which also enters fresh water to breed, is in some areas permanently landlocked in......
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Roccus saxatilis (fish)
...separate dorsal fins that are joined at the base, live in the temperate waters of North America and Europe. A few of these fishes, such as the striped bass (Morone, or Roccus, saxatilis), enter rivers to spawn. The white perch (M. americana, or R. americanus), which also enters ......
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Roch, Saint (Roman Catholic saint)
...Grande di S. Rocco decided to have the Sala dell’Albergo decorated with paintings, in place of the movable decorations used during feast days. S. Rocco (St. Roch) is the protector against plagues; the numerous epidemics of that period had given new impetus to the cult of the saint and caused great riches to flow to the Scuola, which ...
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Rocha (Uruguay)
city, southeastern Uruguay, situated in palm-dotted coastal lowlands. It is the surrounding region’s main commercial and manufacturing centre, with wool and hides the main trade commodities. The railroad and highway from Montevideo to Rocha continue southeastward to the harbour at La Paloma, Rocha’s port. Pop. (2004) 25,538....
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Rocha, Adolfo Correia da (Portuguese poet and diarist)
poet and diarist whose forceful and highly individual literary style and treatment of universal themes make him one of the most important writers in 20th-century Portuguese literature....
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Rocha, Glauber (Brazilian director)
motion-picture director who was a leading figure in Brazil’s Cinema Nuovo (“New Cinema”)....
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Rochalimaea (bacteria genus)
any member of three genera (Rickettsia, Coxiella, Rochalimaea) of bacteria in the family Rickettsiaceae. The rickettsiae are rod-shaped or variably spherical, nonfilterable bacteria, and most species are gram-negative. They are natural parasites of certain arthropods (notably lice, fleas, mites, and ticks) and can cause serious diseases—usually characterized by acute, self-limiting.....
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Rochalimaea quintana (bacteria)
...bones, and joints; and outbreaks of skin lesions on the chest and back. It is transmitted from one person to another by a body louse harbouring the causative organism, the rickettsial bacterium Rochalimaea (formerly Rickettsia) quintana. There may be one period of fever, or the fever may recur several times at intervals of four to five days. Most persons recover within......
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Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, comte de (French general)
general who supported the American Revolution by commanding French forces that helped defeat the British at Yorktown, Va. (1781)....
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Rochas, Alphonse-Eugène Beau de (French engineer)
French engineer who originated the principle of the four-stroke internal-combustion engine. His achievement lay partly in his emphasizing the previously unappreciated importance of compressing the fuel–air mixture before ignition....
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Rochat, Ami Napoléon (French designer)
...fairly large size and intended for public display. At the other end of the scale are exquisitely finished, pocket-sized objects such as trick pistols that were the speciality of the Rochat brothers, Ami-Napoléon and Louis, both of whom were among the finest 19th-century designers and craftsmen of automatons....
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Rochat, Louis (French designer)
...for public display. At the other end of the scale are exquisitely finished, pocket-sized objects such as trick pistols that were the speciality of the Rochat brothers, Ami-Napoléon and Louis, both of whom were among the finest 19th-century designers and craftsmen of automatons....
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Rochberg, George (American composer)
American composer (b. July 5, 1918, Paterson, N.J.—d. May 29, 2005, Bryn Mawr, Pa.), at first wrote in a Modernist vein but from the 1960s embraced an eclectic style that he felt offered greater expressive possibilities. His works included symphonies, string quartets, and songs. He taught (1948–54) at the Curtis Institute of Music, Philadelphia, where he had studied, and at the Unive...
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Rochdale (district, England, United Kingdom)
town and metropolitan borough in the northeastern part of the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester, historic county of Lancashire, England, cradled on two sides by the Pennines....
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Rochdale (England, United Kingdom)
town and metropolitan borough in the northeastern part of the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester, historic county of Lancashire, England, cradled on two sides by the Pennines....
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Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers (British organization)
Modern consumer cooperatives, usually called co-ops in the United States, are thought to have begun in Great Britain in 1844, with the Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers. The society created a set of organizational and working rules that have been widely adopted. They included open membership, democratic control, no religious or......
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Roche, Eamonn Kevin (American architect)
naturalized American architect of governmental, educational, and corporate structures, especially noted for the work he did in partnership with Eero Saarinen....
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Roche, Édouard (French mathematician)
...their existence can be easily understood in terms of their position relative to the planet that they surround. Each planet has a critical distance from its centre known as its Roche limit, named for Édouard Roche, the 19th-century French mathematician who first explained this concept. The ring systems of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune lie inside the ......
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Roché, H. P. (publisher)
...ready-mades had anticipated by a few years the Dada movement, which Picabia introduced to New York City in the magazine 291 (1917). As an echo of the movement, Duchamp helped Arensberg and H.P. Roché to publish The Blind Man, which had only two issues, and Rongwrong, which had only one. Later, with the painter Man Ray, he published a single issue of New York......
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Roche, James Michael (American businessman)
American businessman (b. Dec. 16, 1906, Elgin, Ill.—d. June 6, 2004, Belleair, Fla.), served (1967–71) as chairman and chief executive officer of General Motors. He joined GM as a statistician in 1927 and slowly worked his way up through the ranks, becoming president of the corporation in 1965. After devastating race riots in 1968, he improved relations with the city of Detroit and m...
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Roche, Kevin (American architect)
naturalized American architect of governmental, educational, and corporate structures, especially noted for the work he did in partnership with Eero Saarinen....
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Roche limit (astronomy)
in astronomy, the minimum distance to which a large satellite can approach its primary body without being torn apart by tidal forces. If satellite and primary are of similar composition, the theoretical limit is about 2 12 times the radius of the larger body. The rings of Saturn lie inside Saturn’s Roche limit and may be the debris of a...
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Roche, Martin (American architect)
U.S. architect who, with his partner, Martin Roche, was a leading exponent of the influential Chicago School of commercial architecture; their Tacoma Building (Chicago, 1886–89) established the use of a total steel skeleton as a framework for building skyscrapers—a significant advance over the pioneering use of metal supports in the Home Insurance Building by ......
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Roche, Mazo de la (Canadian author)
Canadian author whose series of novels about the Whiteoak family of Jalna (the name of their estate) made her one of the most popular “family saga” novelists of the period between 1925 and 1950....
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roche moutonnée (geology)
glaciated bedrock surface, usually in the form of rounded knobs. The upstream side of a roche moutonnée has been subjected to glacial scouring that has produced a gentle, polished, and striated slope; the downstream side has been subjected to glacial plucking that has resulted in a steep, irregular, and jagged slope. The ridges d...
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Roche-sur-Yon, La (France)
town, capital of Vendée département, Pays de la Loire région, western France, south of Nantes. The Vendée region had been pacified at the time of the French Revolution but still remained disaffected after the counterrevolutionary insurrection of 1793; Napoleon in 1...
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Roche-sur-Yon, Prince de la (French noble)
younger brother of Louis-Armand I de Bourbon....
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Rochefort (France)
town and commercial harbour, Charente-Maritime département, Poitou-Charentes région, western France. It is situated on the right bank of the Charente River, 10 miles (16 km) from the ...
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Rochefort, Christiane (French author)
...Creative writers in the realist mode addressed a widening popular readership with accounts of the lives of women trapped in slum housing and dead-end jobs. Notable works in this mode include Christiane Rochefort’s Les Petits Enfants du siècle (1961; “Children of the Times”; Eng. trans. Josyane and the Welfare) and......
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Rochefort, Victor-Henri, marquis de Rochefort-Lucay (French journalist)
gifted polemical journalist under the Second Empire and the Third Republic who distinguished himself, at first, as a supporter of the extreme left and later as a champion of the extreme right....
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Rochefoucauld, François VI, duke de La (French writer)
French classical author who had been one of the most active rebels of the Fronde before he became the leading exponent of the maxime, a French literary form of epigram that expresses a harsh or paradoxical truth with brevity....
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Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, François-Alexandre-Frédéric, Duke de La (French educator)
educator and social reformer who founded the École Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Métiers at Châlons and whose model farm at Liancourt contributed to the development of French agriculture....
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Rochejaquelein, Henri du Vergier, Count de La (French noble)
...Bourdic, and Jean-Nicolas Stofflet were joined by royalist nobles such as Charles Bonchamps, Marquis de Bonchamps, Maurice Gigost d’Elbée, François-Athanase Charette de La Contrie, and Henri du Vergier, Count de La Rochejaquelein. In May the rebels (about 30,000 strong) took the towns of Thouars, Parthenay, and Fontenay, and their army, which had changed its name from ...
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Rochelle, La (fortress, france)
city, Atlantic seaport and capital of Charente-Maritime département, Poitou-Charentes région, western France, situated on an inlet opposite Ré Island. The city, which has straight, regular streets, a large park, and shady promenades on the sites of its old fortifications, grew considerably after 1946, especially to the west. The old commercial...
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Rochelle, Pierre Drieu La (French writer)
French writer of novels, short stories, and political essays whose life and works illustrate the malaise common among European youth after World War I....
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Rochelle salt (chemical compound)
a crystalline solid having a large piezoelectric effect (electric charge induced on its surfaces by mechanical deformation due to pressure, twisting, or bending), making it useful in sensitive acoustical and vibrational devices. Like other piezoelectri...
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Rochensalm (Finland)
city, southeastern Finland, on two islands, Hovinsaari and Kotkansaari, at the mouth of the Kymi River on the Gulf of Finland, east-northeast of Helsinki. Kotkansaari was fortified by the Russians between 1790 and 1800, and its main fort was destroyed by a British fleet in 1855 during secondary operations of the ...
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Rocher de Cancale (restaurant, Paris, France)
...building. The Café de Paris, on the Boulevard des Italiens, was the first of many restaurants in Paris and elsewhere that have operated under this name. Other favourite eating places were the Rocher de Cancale, on the rue Montorgueil, famous for its oysters and fish, and the Restaurant Durand, at the corner of the Place de la Madeleine and the rue Royale, a favourite gathering place of.....
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Rocher de Sel (physical feature, Egypt)
...rock carvings dating from 7000 to 5000 bc. North of Djelfa town there is an imposing physical feature known as Salt Rock (Rocher de Sel) that resulted from the erosion of rock salts and marls by rain, and to the west of the town Megalithic funerary......
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Rocher, Yves (French cosmetics executive)
April 7, 1930La Gacilly, Brittany, FranceDec. 26, 2009Paris, FranceFrench cosmetics executive who founded (1959) a cosmetics line that grew into a beauty empire, with some 2,000 stores worldwide. He was an early advocate of using botanicals in cosmetics, and the Yves Rocher lines—whi...
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Rocher-Percé (island, Quebec, Canada)
...Catholic mission since 1670. Percé is now a fishing port and summer resort. Offshore, but connected by a sandbar at low tide, is famed Rocher-Percé (“Pierced Rock”)—a rocky island 290 feet (88 metres) high that is pierced by a 60-foot- (18-metre-) high arch; it and another nearby tourist attraction,......
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Roches, Léon (French diplomat)
...did not prevent him from employing competent persons of all nationalities, whether Jews or Christians, to help him build a modern state. The best known of these Europeans was the future diplomat Léon Roches, who later recounted his adventures in a fanciful book, Trente-deux ans à travers l’Islam (“Thirty-two Years Through Islam”). Abdelkader organized a...
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Rochester (England, United Kingdom)
town, Medway unitary authority, historic county of Kent, England, on the River Medway, east of London. In ancient times it was the site of a walled Roman-British town (Durobrivae), situated where the Roman road from the ...
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