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yoyo (Korean verse form)
Korean poetic form that flourished during the Koryŏ period (935–1392). Of folk origin, the pyŏlgok was sung chiefly by women performers (kisaeng) and was intended for performance on festive occasions. The theme of most of these anonymous poems is love, and its joys and torments are expressed in frank and powerful language. The pyŏlgok is characteriz...
Yōzei (emperor of Japan)
...family members such as the empress Jingū and the princes Nakano Ōe and Shōtoku. Yoshifusa’s son Mototsune became sesshō during the minority of the succeeding emperor Yōzei, and then in the reign of the emperor Uda he created the post of kampaku. It thus became the established custom that a member of the Fujiwara family should serve as......
Yozgat (Turkey)
city, central Turkey. The city lies on the site of a Bronze Age settlement 100 miles (160 km) east of Ankara in a valley of the Ak Mountains, at an elevation of 4,360 feet (1,329 metres). The main road between Sivas and Ankara passes through it, but the rail line bypasses it to the southwest, and the city functions primarily ...
YPA (Yugoslavian armed force)
The Yugoslav People’s Army was designed to repel invasion, and, as part of its strategy, it used the geographically central republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a storehouse for armaments and as the site of most military production. Bosnian Serb forces, aided by the Yugoslav People’s Army and fighting for a separate Serb state, appropriated most of this weaponry. Elsewhere the Croat...
Ypacaraí (Paraguay)
town, central Paraguay. It is situated in the westward extension of the Brazilian Highlands. Its name means “water of God” in the ancient Guaraní language. Founded in 1887, it serves as a commercial and manufacturing centre for the agricultural and pastoral hinterland, the major yields ...
Ypacaraí, Lake (lake, Paraguay)
...Lake Ypoá, about 40 miles (65 km) south of Asunción, merges into Lake Verá; it is drained by channels of the Tebicuary and feeds the marshes of the Ñeembucú plain. Lake Ypacaraí, about 30 miles (50 km) east of Asunción, is the site of a favourite summer resort at San Bernardino....
YPFB (Bolivian government agency)
The nationalization, announced by Morales on May 1, required local units of foreign oil-and-gas firms to transfer majority control to Bolivia’s state-owned petroleum company, Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos (YPFB). Defending his decision, Morales said, “For more than 500 years our resources have been pillaged. This has to end now.” Later, however, it became...
Ypoá, Lake (lake, Paraguay)
Paraguay has only two lakes of consequence. The largest, Lake Ypoá, about 40 miles (65 km) south of Asunción, merges into Lake Verá; it is drained by channels of the Tebicuary and feeds the marshes of the Ñeembucú plain. Lake Ypacaraí, about 30 miles (50 km) east of Asunción, is the site of a favourite summer resort at San Bernardino....
Yponomeutidae (insect)
any of several species of insects belonging to the family Yponomeutidae (order Lepidoptera). Ermine moths are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. The hairy caterpillars feed on dandelions and other weeds, cultivated shrubs, and trees, particularly fruit trees. Ermine moths have a wingspan of 3 cm (1.2 inches). Adult females have brilliant white or cream-coloured wings with dark fleck m...
Yponomeutoidea (moth superfamily)
...as external parasites on plant hoppers; related family: Cyclotornidae (Australian; larvae live similarly when young, then move to ants’ nests).Superfamily YponomeutoideaMore than 1,500 species worldwide; a limited and not very distinctive superfamily; larvae possess distinctive primary......
Ypres (Belgium)
municipality, West Flanders province (province), western Belgium. It lies along the Yperlee (Ieperlee) River, south of Ostend. Ypres became a major cloth-weaving city in the Middle Ages, and together with Brugge and Ghent it virtually controlled Flanders in the 13th century. At that time it was reputed to...
Ypres, Battles of (World War I)
Three costly battles in World War I in western Flanders. In the first battle (Oct. 12–Nov. 11, 1914), the Germans were stopped on their march to the sea, but the Allied forces were then surrounded on three sides. The second battle (April 22–May 25, 1915) marked the Germans’ first use of poison gas as a w...
Ypres, John Denton Pinkstone French, 1st Earl of, Viscount French of Ypres and of High Lake (British field marshal)
field marshal who commanded the British army on the Western Front between August 1914, when World War I began, and Dec. 17, 1915, when he resigned under pressure and was succeeded by General (after...
Ypres Tower (Rye, England, United Kingdom)
...Ports (a confederation of English Channel ports) in about 1350. Edward III walled the town, but of the three original 14th-century entrance gates, only Land Gate remains, together with the earlier Ypres Tower (12th century). Buildings of special interest include the Mermaid Inn (1420) and the 18th-century house in which the novelist Henry James spent his later years. From the 15th century the.....
Ypresian Stage (geology)
oldest division of Eocene rocks, representing all rocks deposited worldwide during the Ypresian Age (55.8 million to 48.6 million years ago) of the Paleogene Period (65.5 million to 23 million years ago). The Ypresian Stage is named for exposures in the region of Ypres, Belg....
Ypsilanti (Michigan, United States)
city, Washtenaw county, southeastern Michigan, U.S. It lies along the Huron River just east of Ann Arbor. Originally called Woodruff’s Grove, it grew up around a French trading post (1809–19) and was renamed in 1825 for...
Ypsilanti family (Greek family)
Greek family prominent in the 19th century. Early members were Greek Phanariots (residents of the Greek quarter of Constantinople) distinguished in the Ottoman imperial service. Constantine Ypsilanti (1760–1816) was governor of Moldavia (1799–1801) and Walachia (1802–6) when he encouraged Serbians to rebel against Turkey. He was forced to flee to Russia, where his son Alexande...
Ypsilantis, Alexander (Greco-Russian general)
...society—the Philikí Etaireía (“Friendly Brotherhood”)—that sought to overturn Turkish rule throughout the Balkans. With the Etairist rising in Moldavia under Gen. Alexander Ypsilantis (March 1821), however, he disavowed the Greek leadership of the revolution in the Romanian principalities. He organized a popular rising in Walachia to evict the......
Ypsilantis, Alexandros (Greco-Russian general)
...society—the Philikí Etaireía (“Friendly Brotherhood”)—that sought to overturn Turkish rule throughout the Balkans. With the Etairist rising in Moldavia under Gen. Alexander Ypsilantis (March 1821), however, he disavowed the Greek leadership of the revolution in the Romanian principalities. He organized a popular rising in Walachia to evict the......
ypsiloid cartilage (anatomy)
...similar to those of generalized vertebrates. The pectoral, or chest, girdle, supporting the forelimbs, is relatively reduced, and the fused elements remain largely in a cartilaginous condition. An ypsiloid cartilage, attached to the front of the pelvic girdle, is used in exhalation in several groups, especially ambystomatids, dicamptodontids, hynobiids, and salamandrids. Digits and digital......
Yr Wyddfa (mountain, Wales, United Kingdom)
...the historic county of Caernarvonshire. Snowdon consists of about five main peaks that are connected by sharp ridges and between which lie cirques (scooped-out basins). The highest of these peaks is Yr Wyddfa, which reaches an elevation of 3,560 feet (1,085 metres). Snowdon is composed mainly of slates and porphyries that date from the Ordovician Period (490 million to 443 million year...
Yr Wyddgrug (Wales, United Kingdom)
town, historic and present county of Flintshire (Sir Fflint), northeastern Wales, situated on a small stretch of farmland between the two industrial centres of Deeside and Wrexham. Mold grew up around a motte-and-bailey castle that the Normans built in the 12th century. The native Christian Britons of the ...
Yrigoyen, Hipólito (president of Argentina)
Argentine statesman who became his country’s first president elected by broad popular suffrage. He was driven from office during his second term by a military coup in 1930....
Yrjö-Koskinen, Sakari (Finnish politician)
historian and politician, author of the first history of Finland in Finnish. Later he guided the Old Finn Party in its policy of compliance with Russia’s unconstitutional Russification program in Finland....
Yrjölä, Paavo (Finnish athlete)
The biggest triumph of Paavo Yrjölä, a four-time Olympian, came at the 1928 Games in Amsterdam. Yrjölä, a native of Finland, had competed in the decathlon in the 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp, Belgium, and 1924 Games in Paris, although he had not earned a medal. As he prepared for another shot at Olympic glory in 1928, he combined a grueling workout schedule with a watc...
Yrshov, Pyotr (Russian author)
...It does include the fables of Ivan Krylov; a great treasury of Russian folktales (skazki) assembled by A.N. Afanasyev; the epic tales (byliny) sung or told to children; the classic by Pyotr Yrshov, Konyok gorbunok (1834; English adaption by Ireene Wicker, The Little Hunchback Horse, 1942); and other stories and poems enjoyed by young Russians but not originally......
Ys (legendary city, France)
Douarnenez is associated in Breton folklore with the legendary city of Ys, which was believed to lie beneath the waters of the bay, and also with the medieval story of Tristan, lover of Iseult, for whom the island astride the estuary is named. Tristan Island was formerly named Saint-Tutuarn Island for the priory founded there in 1118. The Church of Ploaré in Douarnenez has a Gothic......
Ysabel (island, Solomon Islands)
island, central Solomon Islands, southwestern Pacific Ocean, 50 miles (80 km) northwest of Guadalcanal. About 130 miles (209 km) long and 20 miles (32 km) across at its widest point, it has a mountainous backbone with Mount Marescot (4,000 feet [1,219 metres]) as its highest peak. A narrow passage divides ...
Ysaÿe, Eugène (Belgian musician)
Belgian violinist, conductor, and composer, the foremost interpreter of the string works of French and Belgian composers of his time....
Ysengrim (literary character)
greedy and dull-witted wolf who is a prominent character in many medieval European beast epics. Often cast as a worldly and corrupt churchman, he appears first as a character in the Latin Ecbasis captivi (c. 940), in which the beasts are unnamed, and under his own name in Ysengrimus (1...
Ysengrimus (beast epic)
Inspired partly by the popular animal fable, partly by the Latin satire of monastic life Ysengrimus (1152; Eng. trans. Ysengrimus), the collection of ribald comic tales known as the Roman de Renart (Renard the Fox) began to circulate in the late 12th century, chronicling the rivalry of Renart the Fox and the......
Yser, Battle of the (Europe [1914])
...coast was stopped (October 1914) along the river during World War I. After the evacuation of Antwerp and Ghent, the Belgian army retreated to the Yser. After 15 days of desperate fighting (the Battle of the Yser), the Nieuwpoort sluices were flooded and checked the Germans; the Allies then succeeded in establishing themselves in an impregnable position on the river’s left bank....
Yser River (river, Europe)
a small stream (48 mi [77 km] long), rising on the north flanks of the sandstone hills of Monts Cassell and de Récollets in northern France and flowing in an arc through West Flanders province, western Belgium, into the North Sea below Nieuwpoort. Its estuary seems to have extended as far inland as Loo (Lo) until the 10th century, but g...
Ysernitzky, Yitzḥak (prime minister of Israel)
Polish-born Zionist leader and prime minister of Israel in 1983–84 and 1986–90 (in alliance with Shimon Peres of the Labour Party) and in 1990–92....
Yseult (legendary figures)
principal characters of a famous medieval love-romance, based on a Celtic legend (itself based on an actual Pictish king). Though the archetypal poem from which all extant forms of the legend are derived has not been preserved, a comparison of the early versions yields an idea of its content....
Ysleta (Texas, United States)
former town, now a southeastern section of El Paso, El Paso county, extreme western Texas, U.S. Ysleta lies near the Rio Grande. The town was annexed by El Paso in 1955, though residents of Ysleta had voted against the merger....
Ysopet (collection of fables)
in French literature, a medieval collection of fables, often versions of Aesop’s Fables....
YSP (political party, Yemen)
...also republican in form, had an avowedly Marxist regime, and the political system and economy reflected many of the goals and organizational structures of its “scientific socialism.” The Yemen Socialist Party (YSP), the only legal political organization, determined government policy and exercised control over the state administrative system, the legislature, and the military....
Ystad (town, Sweden)
...hiking were developed by the Swedish Touring Club about the end of the 19th century. With miles of gently rolling white sand and some of the best windsurfing in the Baltic, the resort town of Ystad draws throngs of beachgoing Swedes each summer. Sweden is one of the foremost countries in winter sports, and facilities for skiing in particular have developed rapidly. Åre is a major......
Ysyk, Lake (lake, Kyrgyzstan)
a drainless lake in northeastern Kyrgyzstan. Situated in the northern Tien Shan (“Celestial Mountains”), it is one of the largest high-mountain lakes in the world and is famous for its magnificent scenery and unique scientific interest. It is situated within the bottom edges of the Lake Ysyk basin, which is bordered to the north by the Kung...
Ysyk-Köl (Kyrgyzstan)
town, capital of Ysyk-Köl oblasty (province), northeastern Kyrgyzstan. It is a port located on the western shore of Lake Ysyk (Issyk-Kul) and is linked to Frunze, about 87 miles (140 km) north-northwest. Balykchy’s economy centres on a food industry, including meat-p...
Ysyk-köl (lake, Kyrgyzstan)
a drainless lake in northeastern Kyrgyzstan. Situated in the northern Tien Shan (“Celestial Mountains”), it is one of the largest high-mountain lakes in the world and is famous for its magnificent scenery and unique scientific interest. It is situated within the bottom edges of the Lake Ysyk basin, which is bordered to the north by the Kung...
Ysyk-Köl (oblast, Kyrgyzstan)
oblasty (province), northeastern Kyrgyzstan. In the northeast is Lake Ysyk (Issyk-Kul) at an elevation of 5,276 feet (1,608 metres) and surrounded by ranges rising to some 17,100 feet (5,200 metres), while in the southeast, on the frontier with China, are the highest peaks of the Tien Shan...
Yt blood group system (biology)
classification of human blood based on the presence of molecules known as Yt antigens on the surface of red blood cells. The Yt antigens, Yta and Ytb, were discovered in 1956 and 1964, respectively. The Yt blood group is named after Cartwright, the person in whom antibodies to the Yt antigens were first discovered. Howe...
ytterbium (chemical element)
chemical element, a rare earth metal of the lanthanoid series of the periodic table. It is a low-melting-point divalent rare earth that is used as a doping material for lasers....
yttrium (chemical element)
(Y), chemical element, rare-earth metal of transition Group IIIb of the periodic table, used for red phosphors in colour television. Yttrium metal is silvery in colour, ductile, ...
yttrium aluminum garnet (synthetic gem)
...yttrium oxide for solid-state microwave devices are used in radar and communication systems; yttrium–iron garnets, for example, transmit shortwave energy with very little loss. Neodymium-doped yttrium–aluminum garnet lasers provide efficient tools for cutting and welding metals. Radioactive yttrium is employed in cancer therapy....
yttrium barium copper oxide (chemical compound)
...of anisotropy—i.e., an ionic arrangement that is not identical in all directions. In severely anisotropic materials there can be great variation of properties. These cases are illustrated by yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO; chemical formula YBa2Cu3O7), shown in Figure 2D. YBCO is a superconducting ceramic; that is, it loses all resistance to electric......
yttrium iron garnet (synthetic gem)
...yttrium orthovanadate; another is a europium-activated yttrium oxide. Garnets utilizing yttrium oxide for solid-state microwave devices are used in radar and communication systems; yttrium–iron garnets, for example, transmit shortwave energy with very little loss. Neodymium-doped yttrium–aluminum garnet lasers provide efficient tools for cutting and welding metals.......
yttrium phosphate (mineral)
widely distributed phosphate mineral, yttrium phosphate (YPO4), though large proportions of erbium commonly replace yttrium), that occurs as brown, glassy crystals, crystal aggregates, or rosettes in igneous rocks and associated pegmatites, in quartzose and micaceous gneiss, and commonly in detrital material. Occurrences include Norway, Sweden, Madagascar, Brazil, and North Carolina.......
Yu (Chinese rebel leader)
Chinese general and leader of the rebel forces that overthrew the Qin dynasty (221–207 bce). He was the principal contestant for control of China with Liu Bang, who, as the Gaozu emperor, founded the Han dynasty (206 bce–220 ce). Xiang Yu’s defeat signaled the ...
yu (bronze vessel)
type of Chinese bronze container for wine that resembled a bucket with a swing handle and a knobbed lid. It was produced during the Shang (18th–12th century bc) and early Zhou (1111–c. 900 bc) periods....
yu (musical instrument)
...were never gut or metal but twisted silk. Drums are skin instruments, whereas percussive clappers are wood. One of the most enjoyable members of the wooden family is the yu, a model of a crouching tiger with a serrated ridge or set of slats along its back that were scratched by a bamboo whisk in a manner recalling the various scratched gourds of Latin......
Yü Chiang (river, China)
river in southern China. A southern tributary of the Xi River system, it rises in two branches in southeastern Yunnan province and flows about 400 miles (650 km) generally east in Guangxi province to unite at Guiping with the Hongshui River to form the Xun River (which in Guangdong province is known as t...
Yü Ch’ien (Chinese official)
defense minister who saved China when the Yingzong emperor (reigning as Zhengtong, 1453–49) of the Ming dynasty was captured in 1449 while leading Chinese troops against the Mongol leader Esen Taiji....
Yu Dafu (Chinese author)
popular short-story writer of the 1920s in China, one of the founding members of the Creation Society, which was devoted to the promotion of modern literature....
Yu Hill (hill, Guangzhou, China)
...community was maintained by Arab and Hindu traders. Peace and prosperity were further augmented under the Tang (618–907). An auxiliary wall and settlement were built around the razed Yu Hill, but the city suffered much destruction during the civil strife at the end of the dynasty....
Yu Jiang (river, China)
river in southern China. A southern tributary of the Xi River system, it rises in two branches in southeastern Yunnan province and flows about 400 miles (650 km) generally east in Guangxi province to unite at Guiping with the Hongshui River to form the Xun River (which in Guangdong province is known as t...
Yū Miri (Japanese author)
award-winning Japanese author of Korean descent whose works are unsparing in their depiction of destructive family relationships involving individuals who are unable to communicate or connect with others....
Yü, Mount (mountain, Taiwan)
...The Chung-yang Range traverses the length of the island, extending about 170 miles (270 km) in length and up to 50 miles (80 km) in width, with some 27 peaks rising above 9,850 feet (3,000 m). Mount Yü (also called Mount Hsin-kao, formerly Mount Morrison) is the highest peak in the range and in Taiwan, at 13,114 feet (3,997 m)....
Yu Mountains (mountain range, China)
Other mountains are found in the centre and north of the province. East of the Middle Gan valley are the Yu Mountains. Made up of short and moderate hills separated by a network of streams, the country traversed by this range consists of a succession of small valleys with bottomlands from 5 to 12 miles (8 to 19 km) wide. The Lu Mountains, in the north, rise sharply to some 4,800 feet (1,460......
Yu Qian (Chinese official)
defense minister who saved China when the Yingzong emperor (reigning as Zhengtong, 1453–49) of the Ming dynasty was captured in 1449 while leading Chinese troops against the Mongol leader Esen Taiji....
Yu River (river, China)
river in southern China. A southern tributary of the Xi River system, it rises in two branches in southeastern Yunnan province and flows about 400 miles (650 km) generally east in Guangxi province to unite at Guiping with the Hongshui River to form the Xun River (which in Guangdong province is known as t...
Yü Shan (mountain, Taiwan)
...The Chung-yang Range traverses the length of the island, extending about 170 miles (270 km) in length and up to 50 miles (80 km) in width, with some 27 peaks rising above 9,850 feet (3,000 m). Mount Yü (also called Mount Hsin-kao, formerly Mount Morrison) is the highest peak in the range and in Taiwan, at 13,114 feet (3,997 m)....
Yü Ta-fu (Chinese author)
popular short-story writer of the 1920s in China, one of the founding members of the Creation Society, which was devoted to the promotion of modern literature....
Yu the Great (Chinese mythological hero)
in Chinese mythology, the Tamer of the Flood, a saviour-hero and reputed founder of China’s oldest dynasty, the Xia. One legend among many recounts Da Yu’s extraordinary birth: a man called Gun was given charge of controlling a great deluge. To dam the water, he stole from heaven what seems to have been a piece of magic soil. Angered by the theft, the Lord on High (Shangdi) issued an...
Yü Ti (Chinese deity)
in Chinese religion, the most revered and popular of Chinese Daoist deities. In the official Daoist pantheon, he is an impassive sage-deity, but he is popularly viewed as a celestial sovereign who guides human affairs and rules an enormous heavenly bureaucracy analogous to the Chinese Empire....
Yu Wen (Chinese author)
popular short-story writer of the 1920s in China, one of the founding members of the Creation Society, which was devoted to the promotion of modern literature....
Yu-ch’un (Korean painter)
famous Korean landscape painter....
Yu-Gi-Oh! (Japanese manga)
Japanese manga (comic book) of the late 20th and early 21st centuries that features an ordinary high-school student, Yugi Mutou (Yugi Moto), who assumes mystical powers when playing a mysterious card game....
Yu-hua yuan (garden, Beijing, China)
...the Inner Court, which contains the three halls that composed the imperial living quarters. Adjacent to these palaces, at the northernmost limit of the Forbidden City, is the 3-acre (1.2-hectare) Imperial Garden, the organic design of which seems to depart from the rigid symmetry of the rest of the compound. The garden was designed as a place of relaxation for the emperor, with a fanciful......
Yü-lin (China)
city, southeastern Zhuang Autonomous Region of Guangxi, southern China. It is situated on the upper course of the Nanliu River, which drains southwestward into the Gulf of Tonkin to the west of Beihai....
Yü-men (China)
city, western Gansu sheng (province), northwestern China. It is situated on the ancient Silk Road from China into Central Asia....
Yü-tai Ho (river, Shaanxi and Hubei provinces, China)
one of the most important tributaries of the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) of China. It has a total length of about 950 miles (1,530 km). The Han River rises in the Shenqiong Mountains, part of the Micang Mountains in the extreme southwestern part of Shaanxi province. It...
Yuan (Taiwanese judicial body)
The central government also includes five constitutionally mandated councils (yüans): Legislative, Executive, Judicial, Examination, and Control. The Legislative Yuan, the membership structure of which parallels that of the National Assembly, enacts legislation. The Executive Yuan, the cabinet, is headed by a premier, who is appointed by the......
yuan (Chinese currency)
monetary unit of China. The yuan is divided into 100 fen and 10 jiao. The People’s Bank of China has exclusive authority to issue currency. Banknotes are issued in denominations from 1 fen to 100 yuan. The obverse of some banknotes contains images of communist leaders, such as Mao Zedong, leader of China’s comm...
Yüan Chen (Chinese author)
a key literary figure of the middle Tang dynasty of China, influential in the guwen (“ancient-style prose”) revival, which employed the styles of the early classical Chinese writers....
Yüan Chiang (river, Asia)
principal river of northern Vietnam. It rises in central Yunnan province, southwestern China, and flows southeast in a deep, narrow gorge, across the Tonkin region, through Hanoi, to enter the Gulf of Tonkin after a course of 750 miles (1,200 km). Its two major tributaries, the Song Lo (Rivière Claire, or Clear River)...
Yüan Chiang (river, China)
river of eastern Guizhou and western Hunan provinces, southeastern China. The Yuan River is about 635 miles (1,020 km) long and rises in the Miao Mountains near Duyun in Guizhou. Its upstream sections are called the Longtou and Qingshui rivers. It becomes the Yuan River after its confluence with its northern tributary, the Wu River, which fl...
Yüan dynasty (Chinese history)
(1206–1368), dynasty established in China by Mongol nomads. Yuan rule stretched throughout most of Asia and eastern Europe, though the Yuan emperors were rarely able to exercise much control over their more distant possessions....
Yuan dynasty (Chinese history)
(1206–1368), dynasty established in China by Mongol nomads. Yuan rule stretched throughout most of Asia and eastern Europe, though the Yuan emperors were rarely able to exercise much control over their more distant possessions....
Yuan Haowen (Chinese scholar)
...cultural form of their own. Zhao Bingwen’s (1159–1232) combination of literary talent and moral concerns and Wang Roxu’s (1174–1243) scholarship in Classics and history, as depicted in Yuan Haowen’s (1190–1257) biographical sketches and preserved in their collected works, compared well with the high standards set by their counterparts in the South....
Yuan Hong (emperor of Wei dynasty)
posthumous name (shi) of the seventh emperor of the Bei (Northern) Wei dynasty (386–534/535), which dominated much of North China during part of the chaotic 360-year period between the end of the Han dynasty (206 bc–ad 220) and the founding of Sui rule (581...
Yüan Hung-tao (Chinese writer)
...against antiquarianism was not heard until the end of the 16th century; it came from the Kung-an school, named for the birthplace of three brothers, of whom the middle one was the best known. Yüan Hung-tao challenged all of the prevailing literary trends, advocating that literature should change with each age and that any attempt at erasing the special stamp of an era could result......
Yuan Jiang (river, China)
river of eastern Guizhou and western Hunan provinces, southeastern China. The Yuan River is about 635 miles (1,020 km) long and rises in the Miao Mountains near Duyun in Guizhou. Its upstream sections are called the Longtou and Qingshui rivers. It becomes the Yuan River after its confluence with its northern tributary, the Wu River, which fl...
Yüan Kiang (river, China)
river of eastern Guizhou and western Hunan provinces, southeastern China. The Yuan River is about 635 miles (1,020 km) long and rises in the Miao Mountains near Duyun in Guizhou. Its upstream sections are called the Longtou and Qingshui rivers. It becomes the Yuan River after its confluence with its northern tributary, the Wu River, which fl...
Yuan River (river, China)
river of eastern Guizhou and western Hunan provinces, southeastern China. The Yuan River is about 635 miles (1,020 km) long and rises in the Miao Mountains near Duyun in Guizhou. Its upstream sections are called the Longtou and Qingshui rivers. It becomes the Yuan River after its confluence with its northern tributary, the Wu River, which fl...
Yüan Shih-k’ai (president of China)
Chinese army leader and reformist minister in the twilight of the Qing dynasty (until 1911) and then first president of the Republic of China (1912–16)....
Yuan Shikai (president of China)
Chinese army leader and reformist minister in the twilight of the Qing dynasty (until 1911) and then first president of the Republic of China (1912–16)....
Yuan Shundi (emperor of Yuan dynasty)
last emperor (reigned 1333–68) of the Yuan (Mongol) dynasty (1206–1368) in China, under whom the population was provoked into rebellion....
Yuan Tseh Lee (Taiwanese-American chemist)
Taiwanese-American chemist who, with Dudley R. Herschbach and John C. Polanyi, received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1986 for his role in the development of chemical-reaction dynamics....
Yuan Weizhi (Chinese author)
a key literary figure of the middle Tang dynasty of China, influential in the guwen (“ancient-style prose”) revival, which employed the styles of the early classical Chinese writers....
Yuan Xiao Festival (holiday)
holiday celebrated in China and other Asian countries that honours deceased ancestors on the 15th day of the first month (Yuan) of the lunar calendar. The Lantern Festival aims to promote reconciliation, peace, and forgiveness. The holiday marks the first full moon of the new lunar year and the end of the ...
Yuan Xuefen (Chinese performer and administrator)
May 26, 1922Zhejiang province, ChinaFeb. 19, 2011Shanghai, ChinaChinese performer and administrator who initiated a series of reforms in the lyrical genre of Chinese Yue opera (Shaoxing opera). Yue opera, founded in the early 1900s, was originally performed by men and was based on a loose o...
Yuan Zai (Chinese minister)
Under Daizong (reigned 762–779) the court was dominated by the emperor’s favourite, Yuan Zai, and by the eunuchs who now began to play an increasing role in Tang politics. A succession of eunuch advisers not only rivaled in influence the chief ministers but even exerted influence over the military in the campaigns of the late 750s and early 760s. Under Daizong many of the regular off...
Yuan Zhen (Chinese author)
a key literary figure of the middle Tang dynasty of China, influential in the guwen (“ancient-style prose”) revival, which employed the styles of the early classical Chinese writers....
Yuan Zhongdao (Chinese writer)
...charm, evoking character and mood with artless-seeming delicacy. The iconoclasm of the final Ming decades was mirrored in a literary movement of total individual freedom, championed notably by Yuan Zhongdao, but writings produced during this period were later denigrated as insincere, coarse, frivolous, and so strange and eccentric as to make impossible demands on the readers....
Yüan-Ming Yüan (palace, Beijing, China)
...devices, though he regarded the latter as no more than a source of intellectual satisfaction and a means of creating amusing objects. Qianlong devoted great attention to the beautification of the Yuanmingyuan near Beijing. He was to reside there more and more often, and he considered the ensemble formed by its numerous pavilions, lakes, and gardens as the imperial residence par excellence. He.....
Yüan-ti (emperor of Han dynasty)
posthumous name (shi) of the ninth emperor (reigned 49/48–33 bc) of the Han dynasty (206 bc–ad 220), who ardently promoted and helped firmly establish Confucianism as the official creed of China....
Yuandi (emperor of Han dynasty)
posthumous name (shi) of the ninth emperor (reigned 49/48–33 bc) of the Han dynasty (206 bc–ad 220), who ardently promoted and helped firmly establish Confucianism as the official creed of China....