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V–R vortexA two-dimensional circular flow in which an infinite vorticity is concentrated at the origin, the rest of the fluid being free of vorticity. The (tangential) speed V is inversely proportional to the distance R from the origin:  If the flow is considered identical in all parallel planes, the vertical axis through the origin is a vortex filament. See Rankine vortex.
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V-shaped depressionOn a surface chart, a low or trough about which the isobars display a pronounced “V” shape, with the point of the “V” usually extending equatorward from the parent low. This term is most frequently found in European literature, where it is applied mainly to the southern extension of frontal troughs associated with deep lows that have migrated across the North Atlantic Ocean. See depression.
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V-shaped isobarsIsobars that display a pronounced “V” or kinked shape due to local increases in pressure gradients, which are typically found in the vicinity of strong fronts.
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vacuum-tube electrometerAn electrometer that makes use of the amplifying properties of specially designed vacuum tubes. These instruments are more rugged than the electrostatic electrometer and possess the additional advantage of being easily converted into self-registering instruments.
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vadose waterWater present within the zone between the regional water table and the ground surface, that is, within the vadose zone.
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