(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
Towards an Intellectual History of Possession: Reading “la crise” as a Textual Space in Vodou and André Breton’s Haitian Lectures and Nadja
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Towards an Intellectual History of Possession: Reading “la crise” as a Textual Space in Vodou and André Breton’s Haitian Lectures and Nadja

  1. Alessandra Benedicty
  1. Alessandra Benedicty, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States Email: abenedicty{at}ccny.cuny.edu

Abstract

This article focuses mainly on what are known as André Breton’s “Haitian Conferences” (1945–1946) and his 1928 novel Nadja, along with the embedded topic of spirit possession in Haitian Vodou. My proposition is to show how both the vocabulary and the theory that come to be associated with what I will call the “act of possession” in Breton’s work engages a reflection that accounts for fragmented notions of identity. I draw on anthropological theories of subjectivity to put the accent on the destabilizing experience of the contemporary, globalized human subject. To do so, I look at two aspects of Breton’s writing: first, how both before and during his first contact with Haiti, he was interested in alternative states of being; and second, how these states related to the disintegration of identity. I will also consider possession, and its associated lexica, as an intellectual notion, a trope that appears in the discourse of European intellectuals during and after the World Wars. I compare it to the considerations of possession within the context of a Vodou Weltanschauung.

Cet article se propose d’explorer les conférences qu’André Breton a données en Haïti en 1945-1946 d’une part, et son roman Nadja (1928) dans le cadre de la possession dans le Vaudou haïtien d’autre part. Mon objectif est de montrer comment le vocabulaire et la théorie associés à ce que nous nommerons “l’acte de possession” dans l’œuvre de Breton implique une réflexion qui prend compte des notions de l’identité humaine contemporaine. Je ferai appel à des théories de la subjectivité qui mettent l’accent sur l’expérience déstabilisante du sujet humain mondialisé. Deux aspects de l’œuvre de Breton m’intéressent particulièrement : premièrement, comment avant et pendant son premier contact avec Haïti, il s’est intéressé aux états d’esprit alternatifs ; ensuite, comment ces états reflètent une désintégration de l’unité identitaire. Partant du postulat que la crise identitaire trouve un écho dans l’œuvre de Breton dans le contexte d’un Weltanschauung vaudou, je montrerai que la possession et son lexique constituent un trope récurrent dans le discours des intellectuels européens de l’entre-deux guerres et de l’après guerre.

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  1. Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses vol. 41 no. 2 280-305
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