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Research Article
Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds
- Erich D. Jarvis1,*,†,
- Siavash Mirarab2,*,
- Andre J. Aberer3,
- Bo Li4,5,6,
- Peter Houde7,
- Cai Li4,6,
- Simon Y. W. Ho8,
- Brant C. Faircloth9,10,
- Benoit Nabholz11,
- Jason T. Howard1,
- Alexander Suh12,
- Claudia C. Weber12,
- Rute R. da Fonseca6,
- Jianwen Li4,
- Fang Zhang4,
- Hui Li4,
- Long Zhou4,
- Nitish Narula7,13,
- Liang Liu14,
- Ganesh Ganapathy1,
- Bastien Boussau15,
- Md. Shamsuzzoha Bayzid2,
- Volodymyr Zavidovych1,
- Sankar Subramanian16,
- Toni Gabaldón17,18,19,
- Salvador Capella-Gutiérrez17,18,
- Jaime Huerta-Cepas17,18,
- Bhanu Rekepalli20,
- Kasper Munch21,
- Mikkel Schierup21,
- Bent Lindow6,
- Wesley C. Warren22,
- David Ray23,24,25,
- Richard E. Green26,
- Michael W. Bruford27,
- Xiangjiang Zhan27,28,
- Andrew Dixon29,
- Shengbin Li30,
- Ning Li31,
- Yinhua Huang31,
- Elizabeth P. Derryberry32,33,
- Mads Frost Bertelsen34,
- Frederick H. Sheldon33,
- Robb T. Brumfield33,
- Claudio V. Mello35,36,
- Peter V. Lovell35,
- Morgan Wirthlin35,
- Maria Paula Cruz Schneider36,37,
- Francisco Prosdocimi36,38,
- José Alfredo Samaniego6,
- Amhed Missael Vargas Velazquez6,
- Alonzo Alfaro-Núñez6,
- Paula F. Campos6,
- Bent Petersen39,
- Thomas Sicheritz-Ponten39,
- An Pas40,
- Tom Bailey41,
- Paul Scofield42,
- Michael Bunce43,
- David M. Lambert16,
- Qi Zhou44,
- Polina Perelman45,46,
- Amy C. Driskell47,
- Beth Shapiro26,
- Zijun Xiong4,
- Yongli Zeng4,
- Shiping Liu4,
- Zhenyu Li4,
- Binghang Liu4,
- Kui Wu4,
- Jin Xiao4,
- Xiong Yinqi4,
- Qiuemei Zheng4,
- Yong Zhang4,
- Huanming Yang48,
- Jian Wang48,
- Linnea Smeds12,
- Frank E. Rheindt49,
- Michael Braun50,
- Jon Fjeldsa51,
- Ludovic Orlando6,
- F. Keith Barker52,
- Knud Andreas Jønsson51,53,54,
- Warren Johnson55,
- Klaus-Peter Koepfli56,
- Stephen O’Brien57,58,
- David Haussler59,
- Oliver A. Ryder60,
- Carsten Rahbek51,54,
- Eske Willerslev6,
- Gary R. Graves51,61,
- Travis C. Glenn62,
- John McCormack63,
- Dave Burt64,
- Hans Ellegren12,
- Per Alström65,66,
- Scott V. Edwards67,
- Alexandros Stamatakis3,68,
- David P. Mindell69,
- Joel Cracraft70,
- Edward L. Braun71,
- Tandy Warnow2,72,†,
- Wang Jun48,73,74,75,76,†,
- M. Thomas P. Gilbert6,43,†,
- Guojie Zhang4,77,†
- 1Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
- 2Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
- 3Scientific Computing Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany.
- 4China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
- 5College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710061, China.
- 6Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- 7Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
- 8School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
- 9Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
- 10Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
- 11CNRS UMR 5554, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier, Université Montpellier II Montpellier, France.
- 12Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala Sweden.
- 13Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
- 14Department of Statistics and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
- 15Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
- 16Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
- 17Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- 18Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
- 19Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.
- 20Joint Institute for Computational Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
- 21Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
- 22The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MI 63108, USA.
- 23Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
- 24Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
- 25Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
- 26Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
- 27Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK.
- 28Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- 29International Wildlife Consultants, Carmarthen SA33 5YL, Wales, UK.
- 30College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an, 710061, China.
- 31State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.
- 32Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
- 33Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
- 34Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo Roskildevej 38, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
- 35Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
- 36Brazilian Avian Genome Consortium (CNPq/FAPESPA-SISBIO Aves), Federal University of Para, Belem, Para, Brazil.
- 37Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, Para, Brazil.
- 38Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
- 39Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 208, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
- 40Breeding Centre for Endangered Arabian Wildlife, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- 41Dubai Falcon Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
- 42Canterbury Museum Rolleston Avenue, Christchurch 8050, New Zealand.
- 43Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
- 44Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
- 45Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
- 46Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
- 47Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013, USA.
- 48BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
- 49Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
- 50Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Suitland, MD 20746, USA.
- 51Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
- 52Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
- 53Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.
- 54Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK.
- 55Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA.
- 56Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA.
- 57Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia 199004.
- 58Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33004, USA.
- 59Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
- 60San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, CA 92027, USA.
- 61Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC-116, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA.
- 62Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
- 63Moore Laboratory of Zoology and Department of Biology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA.
- 64Department of Genomics and Genetics, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
- 65Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 7007, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
- 66Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- 67Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
- 68Institute of Theoretical Informatics, Department of Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D- 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
- 69Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
- 70Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA.
- 71Department of Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
- 72Departments of Bioengineering and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- 73Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- 74Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- 75Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.
- 76Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
- 77Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- ↵†Corresponding author. E-mail: jarvis{at}neuro.duke.edu (E.D.J.); tandywarnow{at}gmail.com (T.W.); mtpgilbert{at}gmail.com (M.T.P.G.); wangj{at}genomics.cn (W.J.); zhanggj{at}genomics.cn (G. Z.)
↵* These authors contributed equally to this work.
See allHide authors and affiliations
Science 12 Dec 2014:
Vol. 346, Issue 6215, pp. 1320-1331
DOI: 10.1126/science.1253451
Vol. 346, Issue 6215, pp. 1320-1331
DOI: 10.1126/science.1253451
Erich D. Jarvis
Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Siavash Mirarab
Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Andre J. Aberer
Scientific Computing Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany.
Bo Li
China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710061, China.Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Peter Houde
Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
Cai Li
China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Simon Y. W. Ho
School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
Brant C. Faircloth
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Benoit Nabholz
CNRS UMR 5554, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier, Université Montpellier II Montpellier, France.
Jason T. Howard
Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Alexander Suh
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala Sweden.
Claudia C. Weber
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala Sweden.
Rute R. da Fonseca
Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jianwen Li
China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
Fang Zhang
China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
Hui Li
China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
Long Zhou
China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
Nitish Narula
Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
Liang Liu
Department of Statistics and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Ganesh Ganapathy
Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Bastien Boussau
Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
Md. Shamsuzzoha Bayzid
Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Volodymyr Zavidovych
Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Sankar Subramanian
Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
Toni Gabaldón
Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.
Salvador Capella-Gutiérrez
Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
Jaime Huerta-Cepas
Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
Bhanu Rekepalli
Joint Institute for Computational Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
Kasper Munch
Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Mikkel Schierup
Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Bent Lindow
Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Wesley C. Warren
The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MI 63108, USA.
David Ray
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
Richard E. Green
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
Michael W. Bruford
Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK.
Xiangjiang Zhan
Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK.Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Andrew Dixon
International Wildlife Consultants, Carmarthen SA33 5YL, Wales, UK.
Shengbin Li
College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an, 710061, China.
Ning Li
State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.
Yinhua Huang
State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.
Elizabeth P. Derryberry
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Mads Frost Bertelsen
Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo Roskildevej 38, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Frederick H. Sheldon
Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Robb T. Brumfield
Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Claudio V. Mello
Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.Brazilian Avian Genome Consortium (CNPq/FAPESPA-SISBIO Aves), Federal University of Para, Belem, Para, Brazil.
Peter V. Lovell
Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
Morgan Wirthlin
Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
Maria Paula Cruz Schneider
Brazilian Avian Genome Consortium (CNPq/FAPESPA-SISBIO Aves), Federal University of Para, Belem, Para, Brazil.Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem, Para, Brazil.
Francisco Prosdocimi
Brazilian Avian Genome Consortium (CNPq/FAPESPA-SISBIO Aves), Federal University of Para, Belem, Para, Brazil.Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
José Alfredo Samaniego
Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Amhed Missael Vargas Velazquez
Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Alonzo Alfaro-Núñez
Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Paula F. Campos
Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Bent Petersen
Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 208, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
Thomas Sicheritz-Ponten
Centre for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 208, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
An Pas
Breeding Centre for Endangered Arabian Wildlife, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
Tom Bailey
Dubai Falcon Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Paul Scofield
Canterbury Museum Rolleston Avenue, Christchurch 8050, New Zealand.
Michael Bunce
Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
David M. Lambert
Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
Qi Zhou
Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Polina Perelman
Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute Frederick, MD 21702, USA.Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Amy C. Driskell
Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013, USA.
Beth Shapiro
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
Zijun Xiong
China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
Yongli Zeng
China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
Shiping Liu
China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
Zhenyu Li
China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
Binghang Liu
China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
Kui Wu
China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
Jin Xiao
China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
Xiong Yinqi
China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
Qiuemei Zheng
China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
Yong Zhang
China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
Huanming Yang
BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
Jian Wang
BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
Linnea Smeds
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala Sweden.
Frank E. Rheindt
Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
Michael Braun
Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Suitland, MD 20746, USA.
Jon Fjeldsa
Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
Ludovic Orlando
Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
F. Keith Barker
Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Knud Andreas Jønsson
Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK.
Warren Johnson
Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA.
Klaus-Peter Koepfli
Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA.
Stephen O’Brien
Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia 199004.Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33004, USA.
David Haussler
Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
Oliver A. Ryder
San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, Escondido, CA 92027, USA.
Carsten Rahbek
Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK.
Eske Willerslev
Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Gary R. Graves
Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC-116, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA.
Travis C. Glenn
Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
John McCormack
Moore Laboratory of Zoology and Department of Biology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041, USA.
Dave Burt
Department of Genomics and Genetics, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
Hans Ellegren
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala Sweden.
Per Alström
Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Box 7007, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Scott V. Edwards
Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Alexandros Stamatakis
Scientific Computing Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany.Institute of Theoretical Informatics, Department of Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D- 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
David P. Mindell
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Joel Cracraft
Department of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA.
Edward L. Braun
Department of Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Tandy Warnow
Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.Departments of Bioengineering and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Wang Jun
BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
M. Thomas P. Gilbert
Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
Guojie Zhang
China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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