Cardinals Created by Benedict XVI (2012)

Apostolic Nuncio to Jordan (2001.01.17 – 2006.02.25)

Apostolic Nuncio to Iraq (2001.01.17 – 2006.02.25)

Titular Archbishop of Volturno (2001.01.17 – 2012.02.18)

Apostolic Nuncio to Philippines (2006.02.25 – 2007.06.09)

Substitute for General Affairs of Secretariat of State (2007.06.09 – 2011.05.10)

Prefect of Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples (2011.05.10 – 2019.12.08)

President of Interdicasterial Commission for Consecrated Religious (2011.05.10 – 2019.12.08)

Grand Chancellor of Pontifical Urbaniana University (2011.05.10 – 2019.12.08)

Cardinal-Deacon of Nostra Signora di Coromoto in S. Giovanni di Dio (2012.02.18 [2012.02.26] – 2018.06.28)

Cardinal-Bishop of Nostra Signora di Coromoto in S. Giovanni di Dio (2018.06.28 – ...)

Grand Master of Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem (2019.12.08 – ...)

Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Bahamas (1985.02.16 – 1990.08.21)

Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Barbados (1985.02.16 – 1990.08.21)

Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Belize (1985.02.16 – 1990.08.21)

Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Dominica (1985.02.16 – 1990.08.21)

Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Jamaica (1985.02.16 – 1990.08.21)

Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Grenada (1985.02.16 – 1990.08.21)

Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Saint Lucia (1985.02.16 – 1990.08.21)

Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Trinidad and Tobago (1985.02.16 – 1990.08.21)

Apostolic Delegate to Antille (1985.02.16 – 1990.08.21)

Titular Archbishop of Beneventum (1985.02.16 – 2012.02.18)

Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Antigua and Barbuda (1987.04.25 – 1990.08.21)

Apostolic Nuncio to Honduras (1990.08.21 – 1991.04.12)

Apostolic Nuncio to El Salvador (1990.08.21 – 1998.02.02)

Apostolic Nuncio to Namibia (1998.02.02 – 2000.03.01)

Apostolic Nuncio to South Africa (1998.02.02 – 2000.03.01)

Apostolic Nuncio to Swaziland (1998.02.02 – 2000.03.01)

Apostolic Nuncio to Lesotho (1998.03.07 – 2000.03.01)

Apostolic Nuncio to Andorra (2000.03.01 – 2009.07.03)

Apostolic Nuncio to Spain (2000.03.01 – 2009.07.03)

Permanent Observer to World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) (2007.12.07 – 2009.07.03)

Secretary of Congregation for Bishops (2009.07.03 – 2012.01.05)

Secretary of College of Cardinals (2009.10.21 – 2012.01.05)

Major Penitentiary of Apostolic Penitentiary (2012.01.05 – 2013.09.21)

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Domenico di Guzmán (2012.02.18 [2012.04.22] – ...)

Apostolic Nuncio to Bolivia (1985.04.29 – 1989.10.02)

Titular Archbishop of Tamada (1985.04.29 – 2012.02.18)

Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Cameroon (1989.10.02 – 1996.02.24)

Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Gabon (1989.10.02 – 1996.02.24)

Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Equatorial Guinea (1989.10.02 – 1996.02.24)

Apostolic Nuncio to Yugoslavia (1996.02.24 – 2000.03.04)

Apostolic Nuncio to Argentina (2000.03.04 – 2003.04.09)

Apostolic Nuncio to Bosnia and Herzegovina (2003.04.09 – 2005)

Apostolic Nuncio to Macedonia (2003.04.09 – 2011.01.22)

Apostolic Nuncio to Slovenia (2003.04.09 – 2011.01.22)

Vice-Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church of Apostolic Camera (2011.01.22 – 2012.07.23)

Archpriest of Papal Basilica of St. Mary Major (2011.11.21 – 2016.12.28)

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Ponziano (2012.02.18 [2012.05.20] – ...)

Member of Commission of Cardinals overseeing the Institute for Works of Religion (2014.01.15 – 2014.03.04)

President of Commission of Cardinals overseeing the Institute for Works of Religion (2014.03.04 – ...)

Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Solomon Islands (1985.07.27 – 1989.10.21)

Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Papua New Guinea (1985.07.27 – 1989.10.21)

Titular Archbishop of Eclano (1985.07.27 – 2012.02.18)

Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Cape Verde (1989.10.21 – 1994.12)

Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Guinea-Bissau (1989.10.21 – 1994.12)

Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Mali (1989.10.21 – 1994.12)

Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Senegal (1989.10.21 – 1994.12)

Apostolic Delegate to Mauritania (1989.10.21 – 1997.10.02)

Apostolic Nuncio to Cape Verde (1994.12 – 1997.10.02)

Apostolic Nuncio to Guinea-Bissau (1994.12 – 1997.10.02)

Apostolic Nuncio to Mali (1994.12 – 1997.10.02)

Apostolic Nuncio to Senegal (1994.12 – 1997.10.02)

Apostolic Nuncio to Kuwait (1997.10.02 – 1999.12.13)

Apostolic Delegate to Arabian Peninsula (1997.10.02 – 1999.12.13)

Apostolic Nuncio to Lebanon (1997.10.02 – 2001.04.11)

Secretary of Congregation for the Oriental Churches (2001.04.11 – 2009.02.28)

President of Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People (2009.02.28 – 2017.01.01)

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Cesareo in Palatio (2012.02.18 [2012.06.10] – ...)

Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Benin (1987.10.17 – 1991.01.12)

Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Ghana (1987.10.17 – 1991.01.12)

Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Togo (1987.10.17 – 1991.01.12)

Titular Archbishop of Urbisaglia (1987.10.17 – 2012.02.18)

Apostolic Nuncio to Rwanda (1991.01.12 – 1995.03)

Permanent Observer to Office of the United Nations and Specialized Institutions in Geneva (UNOG) (1995.03 – 2000.12.27)

Permanent Observer to World Trade Organization (WTO) (1997 – 2000.12.27)

Apostolic Nuncio to Mexico (2000.12.27 – 2007.01.11)

Apostolic Nuncio to Italy (2007.01.11 – 2011.10.01)

Apostolic Nuncio to San Marino (2007.01.11 – 2011.10.01)

President of Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State (2011.10.01 – ...)

President of Governorate of Vatican City State (2011.10.01 – ...)

Cardinal-Deacon of Ss. Vito, Modesto e Crescenzia (2012.02.18 [2012.06.17] – ...)

Member of Council of Cardinals to assist in the governance of the Universal Church and to reform the Roman Curia (2013.04.13 – ...)

Titular Bishop of Cœliana (1993.04.08 – 2007.02.15)

Auxiliary Bishop of Milano (Italy) (1993.04.08 – 2007.02.15)

Papal Commissioner of Society of Saint Paul (1995 – 2006)

Titular Archbishop of Cœliana (2007.02.15 – 2012.02.18)

President of Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts (2007.02.15 – 2018.04.07)

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Giuseppe dei Falegnami (2012.02.18 [2012.04.26] – ...)

Member of Commission for the Study of the Reform of the Matrimonial Processes in Canon Law (2014.08.27 – 2015)

Member of College for the review of appeals by clergy accused of delicta reservata (2015.01.21 – ...)

Titular Bishop of Flenucleta (1994.04.06 – 1998.08.12)

Auxiliary Bishop of Vitória (Brazil) (1994.04.06 – 1998.08.12)

Bishop of Ponta Grossa (Brazil) (1998.08.12 – 2002.07.17)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Maringá (Brazil) (2002.07.17 – 2004.01.28)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Brasília (Brazil) (2004.01.28 – 2011.01.04)

Prefect of Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and for Societies of Apostolic Life (2011.01.04 – ...)

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Elena fuori Porta Prenestina (2012.02.18 [2012.05.20] – ...)

Rector of Pontifical North American College (1990 – 1994)

Titular Bishop of Thizica (1996.02.06 – 1997.04.07)

Auxiliary Bishop of New York (USA) (1996.02.06 – 1997.04.07)

Coadjutor Archbishop Military Ordinary of United States of America (USA) (1997.04.07 – 1997.08.12)

Titular Archbishop of Thizica (1997.04.07 – 1998.03.07)

Archbishop Military Ordinary of United States of America (USA) (1997.08.12 – 2007.07.12)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Baltimore (USA) (2007.07.12 – 2011.08.29)

Pro-Grand Master of Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem (2011.08.29 – 2012.03.15)

Apostolic Administrator of Baltimore (USA) (2011.08.29 – 2012.03.20)

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Sebastiano al Palatino (2012.02.18 [2012.10.25] – ...)

Grand Master of Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem (2012.03.15 – 2019.12.08)

Bishop of Savona–Noli (Italy) (2002.01.25 – 2007.07.07)

Secretary of Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See (2007.07.07 – 2011.07.07)

Archbishop ad personam (2007.07.07 – 2012.02.18)

President of Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See (2011.07.07 – 2018.06.26)

Cardinal-Deacon of SS. Annunciazione della Beata Vergine Maria a Via Ardeatina (2012.02.18 [2012.05.27] – ...)

Member of Commission of Cardinals overseeing the Institute for Works of Religion (2013.02.16 – 2014.01.15)

Bishop of Alessandria (Italy) (2007.04.04 – 2011.09.21)

Archbishop ad personam (2011.09.21 – 2012.02.18)

President of Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See (2011.09.21 – 2015.03.31)

Apostolic Administrator of Alessandria (Italy) (2011.10 – 2012.10.20)

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Cuore di Gesù a Castro Pretorio (2012.02.18 [2012.06.15] – ...)

Pontifical Delegate for Congregation of the Sons of the Immaculate Conception (2013.02.18 – ...)

Member of College for the review of appeals by clergy accused of delicta reservata (2015.01.21 – ...)

Prefect of Congregation for Catholic Education (for Educational Institutions) (2015.03.31 – ...)

President of Pontifical Work for Ecclesiastical Vocations (2015.03.31 – ...)

Patron of Pontifical Superior Institute of Latinità (2015.03.31 – ...)

Grand Chancellor of Pontifical Gregorian University (2015.03.31 – ...)

Grand Chancellor of Pontifical Institute of Sacred Music (2015.03.31 – ...)

Grand Chancellor of Pontifical Institute of Christian Archaeology (2015.03.31 – ...)

Grand Chancellor of Pontifical Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies (2015.03.31 – ...)

Bishop of Thuckalay of the Syro-Malabars (India) (1996.11.11 – 2011.05.24)

Major Archbishop of Ernakulam–Angamaly of the Syro-Malabars (India) ([2011.05.24] 2011.05.25 – ...)

President of Synod of the Syro-Malabar Church (2011.05.25 – ...)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Bernardo alle Terme (2012.02.18 [2012.10.14] – ...)

Coadjutor Bishop of Saint-Paul (Canada) (1997.03.25 – 1997.06.30)

Bishop of Saint-Paul (Canada) (1997.06.30 – 1999.02.18)

Coadjutor Archbishop of Edmonton (Canada) (1999.02.18 – 1999.06.07)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Edmonton (Canada) (1999.06.07 – 2006.12.16)

Apostolic Administrator of Saint-Paul (Canada) (2001.03.16 – 2001.09.08)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Toronto (Canada) (2006.12.16 – ...)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Patrizio (2012.02.18 [2012.10.23] – ...)

Member of Commission of Cardinals overseeing the Institute for Works of Religion (2014.01.15 – 2020.09.21)

Bishop of Hradec Králové (Czechia) (1998.06.06 – 2010.02.13)

Apostolic Administrator sede plena of Litoměřice (Czechia) (2004.11.06 – 2008.01.26)

Apostolic Administrator of Litoměřice (Czechia) (2008.01.26 – 2008.10.04)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Praha (Czechia) (2010.02.13 – ...)

President of Czech Bishops’ Conference (2010.04.21 – 2020.04.28)

Cardinal-Priest of Ss. Marcellino e Pietro (2012.02.18 [2012.11.25] – ...)

Bishop of Groningen (Netherlands) (1999.07.17 – 2005.11.26)

Bishop of Groningen–Leeuwarden (Netherlands) (2005.11.26 – 2007.12.11)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Utrecht (Netherlands) (2007.12.11 – ...)

President of Episcopal Conference of the Netherlands (2011.06 – 2016.06.14)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Callisto (2012.02.18 [2012.05.17] – ...)

Titular Bishop of Falerone (2001.04.05 – 2008.09.08)

General Secretary of Episcopal Conference of Italy (2001.04.05 – 2008.09.08)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Firenze (Italy) (2008.09.08 – ...)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Marcello (2012.02.18 [2012.06.09] – ...)

Rector of Pontifical North American College (1994 – 2001.06.19)

Titular Bishop of Natchez (2001.06.19 – 2002.06.25)

Auxiliary Bishop of Saint Louis (USA) (2001.06.19 – 2002.06.25)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Milwaukee (USA) (2002.06.25 – 2009.02.23)

Apostolic Administrator of Green Bay (USA) (2007.09.28 – 2008.07.09)

Metropolitan Archbishop of New York (USA) (2009.02.23 – ...)

President of United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (2010.11.16 – 2013.11.14)

Cardinal-Priest of Nostra Signora di Guadalupe a Monte Mario (2012.02.18 [2012.10.14] – ...)

Titular Bishop of Scampa (2003.02.24 – 2011.07.02)

Auxiliary Bishop of Köln (Germany) (2003.02.24 – 2011.07.02)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Berlin (Germany) (2011.07.02 – 2014.07.11)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Giovanni Maria Vianney (2012.02.18 [2012.06.30] – ...)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Köln (Germany) (2014.07.11 – ...)

Titular Bishop of Bossa (1996.09.13 – 2008.01.30)

Auxiliary Bishop of Hong Kong 香港ほんこん (Hong Kong) (1996.09.13 – 2008.01.30)

Coadjutor Bishop of Hong Kong 香港ほんこん (Hong Kong) (2008.01.30 – 2009.04.15)

Bishop of Hong Kong 香港ほんこん (Hong Kong) (2009.04.15 – 2017.08.01)

Cardinal-Priest of «Regina Apostolorum» (2012.02.18 [2012.04.22] – ...)

Member of Council of Cardinals for the Study of Organisational and Economic Problems of the Apostolic See (2012.06.23 – 2014.02.24)

Member of Council for the Economy (2014.03.08 – 2019.03.08)

Apostolic Administrator of Hong Kong 香港ほんこん (Hong Kong) (2019.01.05 – 2021.05.17)

Bishop of Maramureş of the Romanians (Romania) (1990.03.14 – 1994.07.04)

President of Synod of the Romanian Church (1994 – ...)

Metropolitan of Făgăraş şi Alba Iulia of the Romanians (Romania) (1994.07.04 – 2005.12.16)

President of Episcopal Conference of Romania (1998 – 2001)

President of Episcopal Conference of Romania (2004.06 – 2007.05)

Major Archbishop of Făgăraş şi Alba Iulia of the Romanians (Romania) (2005.12.16 – ...)

President of Episcopal Conference of Romania (2010.06 – 2012.11)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Atanasio (2012.02.18 [2012.10.08] – ...)

President of Episcopal Conference of Romania (2016.05.11 – 2019.04.10)

Vice-President of Episcopal Conference of Romania (2019.04.10 – ...)

Titular Archbishop of Belcastro (2012.01.23 – 2012.02.18)

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Antonio di Padova a Circonvallazione Appia (2012.02.18 [2012.10.20] – 2013.02.23)

Titular Archbishop of San Leone (2012.01.21 – 2012.02.18)

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Maria Goretti (2012.02.18 [2012.04.21] – 2019.12.30)

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Giuliano Martire (2012.02.18 [2012.04.22] – 2015.02.10)

Assessor for General Affairs of Secretariat of State (1997.07.22 – 1998.02.07)

Titular Bishop of Memphis (1998.02.07 – 2003.09.29)

Prefect of Prefecture of the Papal Household (1998.02.07 – 2012.11.23)

Titular Archbishop of Memphis (2003.09.29 – 2012.11.24)

Archpriest of Papal Basilica of St. Paul Outside-the-Walls (2012.11.23 – ...)

Cardinal-Deacon of S. Pio V a Villa Carpegna (2012.11.24 [2013.05.26] – ...)

Titular Bishop of Cesarea Philippi (1986.05.02 – 1990.06.09)

Auxiliary Bishop of Antioch of the Maronites (Lebanon) (1986.05.02 – 1990.06.09)

Bishop of Jbeil of the Maronites (Lebanon) (1990.06.09 – 2011.03.15)

Patriarch of Antioch of the Maronites (Lebanon) ([2011.03.15] 2011.03.25 – ...)

President of Synod of the Maronite Church (2011.03.25 – ...)

President of Assembly of the Catholic Patriarchs and Bishops of Lebanon (2011.03.25 – ...)

President of Council of Catholic Patriarchs of the East (2011.04? – ...)

Cardinal-Patriarch (2012.11.24 – ...)

Titular Bishop of Chayal of the Syro-Malankars (2001.06.18 – 2003.09.11)

Auxiliary Bishop of Trivandrum of the Syro-Malankars (India) (2001.06.18 – 2003.09.11)

Apostolic Visitator in North America of the Syro-Malankars (2001.06.18 – 2003.09.11)

Apostolic Visitator in Europe of the Syro-Malankars (2001.06.18 – 2003.09.11)

Bishop of Tiruvalla of the Syro-Malankars (India) (2003.09.11 – 2006.05.15)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Tiruvalla of the Syro-Malankars (India) (2006.05.15 – 2007.02.10)

Major Archbishop of Trivandrum of the Syro-Malankars (India) ([2007.02.08] 2007.02.10 – ...)

President of Synod of the Syro-Malankarese Church (2007.02.10 – ...)

Second Vice-President of Catholic Bishops’ Conference of India (2008.02.19 – 2010.03.01)

Vice-President of Catholic Bishops’ Conference of India (2010.03.01 – 2014.02.12)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Gregorio VII (2012.11.24 [2013.05.19] – ...)

President of Catholic Bishops’ Conference of India (2014.02.12 – 2018.02.09)

Titular Bishop of Thunusuda (1982.09.10 – 1984.10.20)

Auxiliary Bishop of Ilorin (Nigeria) (1982.09.10 – 1984.10.20)

Bishop of Ilorin (Nigeria) (1984.10.20 – 1990.07.07)

Apostolic Administrator of Ilorin (Nigeria) (1990 – 1992.03.06)

Coadjutor Bishop of Abuja (Nigeria) (1990.07.07 – 1992.09.28)

Bishop of Abuja (Nigeria) (1992.09.28 – 1994.03.26)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Abuja (Nigeria) (1994.03.26 – 2019.11.09)

President of Catholic Bishops’ Conference of Nigeria (2000 – 2006)

President of Association of the Episcopal Conferences of Anglophone West Africa (2001 – 2009.09.01)

President of Symposium of Episcopal Conferences of Africa and Madagascar (2003.11 – 2007.06)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Saturnino (2012.11.24 [2013.04.07] – ...)

Apostolic Administrator sede plena of Ahiara (Nigeria) (2013.07.03 – 2018.02.19)

Bishop of Cúcuta (Colombia) (1992.02.11 – 1999.03.18)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Barranquilla (Colombia) (1999.03.18 – 2010.07.08)

President of Episcopal Conference of Colombia (2008.07.03 – 2014.07.09)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Bogotá (Colombia) (2010.07.08 – 2020.04.25)

First Vice-President of Latin American Episcopal Council (2011.05.19 – 2015.05.13)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Gerardo Maiella (2012.11.24 [2013.04.28] – ...)

President of Latin American Episcopal Council (2015.05.13 – 2019.05.15)

Bishop of Imus (Philippines) (2001.10.22 – 2011.10.13)

Metropolitan Archbishop of Manila (Philippines) (2011.10.13 – 2019.12.08)

Cardinal-Priest of S. Felice da Cantalice a Centocelle (2012.11.24 [2013.06.15] – 2020.05.01)

President of Caritas Internationalis (2015.05.15 – ...)

Apostolic Administrator of Manila (Philippines) (2019.12.08 – 2020.02.10)

Prefect of Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples (2019.12.08 – ...)

President of Interdicasterial Commission for Consecrated Religious (2019.12.08 – ...)

Grand Chancellor of Pontifical Urbaniana University (2019.12.08 – ...)

Cardinal-Bishop of S. Felice da Cantalice a Centocelle (2020.05.01 – ...)

Member of Commission of Cardinals overseeing the Institute for Works of Religion (2020.09.21 – ...)