The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a publication of NEJM Group — Owned & Published by the Massachusetts Medical Society.

President
Barbara S. Spivak, M.D.
Executive Vice President
Lois Dehls Cornell
NEJM Group Editor
Jeffrey M. Drazen, M.D.
Vice President, NEJM Group
David Sampson

The Committee on Publications of the Massachusetts Medical Society

Chair
James A. Feldman, M.D.
Vice Chair
Burt A. Adelman, M.D.

Tiffany Bellomo, M.D., O’Neil Britton, M.D., Vincent Chiang, M.D., James Diao, Henry L. Dorkin, M.D., Kushal Kadakia, Amar Kelkar, M.D., James Luo, M.D., Valerie E. Stone, M.D., J. Kevin Tucker, M.D., Maria Yialamas, M.D., Barbara S. Spivak, M.D., ex officio, Hugh Taylor, M.D., ex officio, Olivia C. Liao, M.D., ex officio, Lynda G. Kabbash, M.D., ex officio, Lee S. Perrin, M.D., ex officio

Editors

Editor-in-Chief, NEJM Group
Eric J. Rubin, M.D., Ph.D.
Executive Editor
Mary Beth Hamel, M.D., M.P.H.
Deputy Editor
Lindsey R. Baden, M.D.
Deputy Editor
Julie R. Ingelfinger, M.D.
Deputy Editor
Jane A. Leopold, M.D.
Deputy Editor
Dan L. Longo, M.D.
Deputy Editor
Patrick G. O’Malley, M.D., M.P.H.
Deputy Editor
Elizabeth G. Phimister, Ph.D.
Deputy Editor
Allan H. Ropper, M.D.
Deputy Editor
Caren G. Solomon, M.D., M.P.H.
Deputy Editor
Darren B. Taichman, M.D., Ph.D.
Deputy Editor
Winfred W. Williams, M.D.
Associate Editor
Arnold M. Epstein, M.D., M.A.
Associate Editor
Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, M.D.
Associate Editor
Ellen M. Gravallese, M.D.
Associate Editor
Michael F. Greene, M.D.
Associate Editor
John F. Keaney, Jr., M.D.
Associate Editor
Selwyn O. Rogers, Jr., M.D., M.P.H.
Associate Editor
Clifford J. Rosen, M.D.
Associate Editor
Gary Wong, M.D., F.R.C.P.C.
Associate Editor
Rui-Ping Xiao, M.D., Ph.D.
Lead Statistical Editor
Constantine Gatsonis, Ph.D.
Statistical Editor
Joseph W. Hogan, Sc.D.
Statistical Editor
Rebecca A. Hubbard, Ph.D.
Statistical Editor
David J. Hunter, M.B., B.S., M.P.H., Sc.D.
Statistical Editor
Sharon-Lise T. Normand, Ph.D.
Statistical Editor
Andrea B. Troxel, Sc.D.
Executive Managing Editor
Stephen Morrissey, Ph.D.
Perspective Editor
Debra Malina, Ph.D.
National Correspondent
Lisa S. Rosenbaum, M.D.
International Correspondent
Charlotte J. Haug, M.D., Ph.D.
CME Editor
Carla S. Rothaus, M.D.
Images Editor
Stephanie V. Sherman, M.D.
Reviews Editor
C. Corey Hardin, M.D., Ph.D.
Editors-at-Large
Chana A. Sacks, M.D., M.P.H., Richard P. Wenzel, M.D., M.Sc.
Pamela W. Miller Editorial Fellows
Ann Cheung, M.D., Suellen Li, M.D., Abigail Schubach, M.D., Julie R. Barzilay, M.D.

Editorial Board

Salim S. Abdool Karim, M.B., Ch.B., Ph.D., Durban, David Blumenthal, M.D., M.P.P., New York, Emery N. Brown, M.D., Ph.D., Boston, Michele K. Evans, M.D., Bethesda, Sandy Feng, M.D., Ph.D., San Francisco, Harvey V. Fineberg, M.D., Ph.D., San Francisco, Isaac S. Kohane, M.D., Ph.D., Boston, Thomas H. Lee, M.D., Boston, Joseph Loscalzo, M.D., Ph.D., Boston, John McMurray, M.D., Glasgow, Trevor Mundel, M.D., Ph.D., Seattle, Vlado Perkovic, M.B., B.S, Ph.D., Sydney, Sonja A. Rasmussen, M.D., Baltimore, Laura E. Riley, M.D, New York, Richard L. Schilsky, M.D., Chicago, Christine Van Broeckhoven, Ph.D., D.Sc., Antwerp

Perspective Advisory Board

Erin C. Fuse Brown, J.D., M.P.H., Crystal Wiley Cené, M.D., M.P.H., Eric C. Schneider, M.D.

Editorial Operations

Director of Editorial Publishing Operations
Patrick C. Hannon

Jacqueline Cote, Editorial Operations Manager, Karen Daly, Manager of Editorial Office Services, Lauren Lindenfelser, Manager of Editorial Administration, Kristine Guinn, Special Editorial Projects Manager, Maria Sedjo, Assistant to the Editor, Briana Doherty, Grace Hansen-Dewar, Jennifer Lewis, Senior Editorial Coordinators, Patience Kayira, Emily Luong, Vivian Vu, Editorial Assistants, Sophia Fangman, Manuscript Assistant

Online Editorial Group

Assistant Managing Editor, Online
Lisa Scott

Andrea Graham, Manager of Online Editorial Production, Alex Marie Lombino, Electronic Content Specialist, Julie Evers, Senior Web Production Specialist

Manuscript Editing

Director of Manuscript Editing
Margaret Perkins

Deborah Moskowitz, Manager of Manuscript Editing, Claudette Dawes, Manager of Manuscript Processing, David Lyons, Manager, Editorial QA and Multimedia, Elizabeth Bales, Dan Fields, Lindsay Guth, Mary Prince, Leahanne Sarlo, Amy Schulz, Donald Smith, Senior Manuscript Editors, Josette Akresh-Gonzales, Abigail Burke Hall, Vanessa Lord, Scott O’Brien, Allison Weaver, Manuscript Editors, James MacDonald, Senior Copy Editor, Jessica Derby, Editorial Copy Specialist, Jeffrey Allen, Ethel Garvin, Senior Proofreaders

Graphic Arts

Graphic Arts Director
Kathy Stern

Jennifer Moses, Manager of Editorial Premedia, Daniel Müller, Manager, Medical Data Visualization and User Experience, Timothy Vining, Manager of Medical and Scientific Illustration, Darah Whelihan, XML Processing Manager, Alison E. Burke, Kimberly Knoper, Natalie Koscal, Scott Leighton, Emily Ling, Lori Messenger, Scott Williams, Senior Scientific/Medical Illustrators, Tomoko Shibusawa, Senior Information Graphics Specialist, Kyle Bolstad, Interactive Medical Visualization Developer, Michael Tomases, Media Specialist, Jens Kueter, Information Designer, Richard Waring, Senior Layout Artist

Editorial Production Technology

Director of Editorial Production Technology
John E. Muenning

Ellen Duff, Editorial Metadata Manager, Elizabeth Quilty, Manager of Editorial Scheduling and Tracking

Perspective Group

Debra Malina, Ph.D., Stephen Morrissey, Ph.D.

Associate Perspective Editor
Genevra Pittman