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Java while loop with Examples - GeeksforGeeks

Java while loop with Examples

Last Updated : 13 Dec, 2023

Java while loop is a control flow statement that allows code to be executed repeatedly based on a given Boolean condition. The while loop can be thought of as a repeating if statement. While loop in Java comes into use when we need to repeatedly execute a block of statements. The while loop is considered as a repeating if statement. If the number of iterations is not fixed, it is recommended to use the while loop.

while loop in Java

Syntax:

while (test_expression)
{
   // statements
   
   update_expression;
}

Note: If we do not provide the curly braces ‘{‘ and ‘}’ after while( condition ) then by default while statement will consider the immediate one statement to be inside its block.

while (test_expression)
// single statement in while only

Parts of Java While Loop

The various parts of the While loop are:

1. Test Expression: In this expression, we have to test the condition. If the condition evaluates to true then we will execute the body of the loop and go to update expression. Otherwise, we will exit from the while loop.

Example:

i <= 10

2. Update Expression: After executing the loop body, this expression increments/decrements the loop variable by some value.

Example:

i++;

How Does a While loop execute?

Control falls into the while loop.
The flow jumps to Condition
Condition is tested.
- If Condition yields true, the flow goes into the Body.
- If Condition yields false, the flow goes outside the loop
The statements inside the body of the loop get executed.
Updation takes place.
Control flows back to Step 2.
The while loop has ended and the flow has gone outside.

Flowchart For while loop (Control Flow):

Flow chart while loop (for Control Flow

Examples of Java while loop

Example 1: This program will try to print “Hello World” 5 times.

Java

// Java program to illustrate while loop.
 
class whileLoopDemo {
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        // initialization expression
        int i = 1;
 
        // test expression
        while (i < 6) {
            System.out.println("Hello World");
 
            // update expression
            i++;
        }
    }
}

Output

Hello World
Hello World
Hello World
Hello World
Hello World

Complexity of the above method:

Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space : O(1)

Dry-Running Example 1: The program will execute in the following manner.

1. Program starts.
2. i is initialized with value 1.
3. Condition is checked. 1 < 6 yields true.
  3.a) "Hello World" gets printed 1st time.
  3.b) Updation is done. Now i = 2.
4. Condition is checked. 2 < 6 yields true.
  4.a) "Hello World" gets printed 2nd time.
  4.b) Updation is done. Now i = 3.
5. Condition is checked. 3 < 6 yields true.
  5.a) "Hello World" gets printed 3rd time
  5.b) Updation is done. Now i = 4.
6. Condition is checked. 4 < 6 yields true.
  6.a) "Hello World" gets printed 4th time
  6.b) Updation is done. Now i = 5.
7. Condition is checked. 5 < 6 yields true.
  7.a) "Hello World" gets printed 5th time
  7.b) Updation is done. Now i = 6.
8. Condition is checked. 6 < 6 yields false.
9. Flow goes outside the loop. Program terminates.

Example 2: This program will find the summation of numbers from 1 to 10.

Java

// Java program to illustrate while loop
 
class whileLoopDemo {
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        int x = 1, sum = 0;
 
        // Exit when x becomes greater than 4
        while (x <= 10) {
            // summing up x
            sum = sum + x;
 
            // Increment the value of x for
            // next iteration
            x++;
        }
        System.out.println("Summation: " + sum);
    }
}

Output

Summation: 55

Complexity of the above method

Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space : O(1)

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