聲門 塞 音
ʔ | |
---|---|
IPA | 113 |
HTML碼( | ʔ |
Unicode碼( | U+0294 |
X-SAMPA | ? |
ASCII | ? |
IPA | |
特 点
[编辑]發聲 類型 是 清音 ,意味 着 發音 時 聲帶 並 不 顫動 。本 輔音是 口腔 輔音(口 音 ),表示 調音 時空 氣 只 從 口 裡 流出 。- 发音
不 涉 及舌头等口内 器官 的 运动,因 为没有 气流流 经声门。[1] 氣流 機 制 是 肺 部 氣流 ,即 由 肺 與 橫 膈膜 驱动空 气。
书写
[编辑]其他
2015
苏格兰盖尔语
见于
[编辑]语言 | 词汇 | 词义 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
аи/ai | [ʔaj] | ||||
ӏэ/'ė | [ʔa] | ||||
标准 |
أغاني/'aġani | [ʔaˈɣaːniː] | |||
شقة/ša''a | [ˈʃæʔʔæ] | [9]对应其他 | |||
قال/'al | [ˈʔaːl] | 对应其他 | |||
ər | [ʔær] | ||||
bàgo | [ˈbaːʔɡo] | ||||
ъ-ъ/ŭ-ŭ | [ˈʔɤʔɤ] | ||||
缅甸语 | မြစ်များ/rcī mya: | [mjiʔ mjà] | |||
tubò | [ˈtuboʔ] | ||||
查莫罗语 | haluʼu | [həluʔu] | 鲨鱼 | ||
кхоъ/qoʼ | [qoʔ] | 3 | |||
粤语 | [ʔɔːi˧] | 爱 | |||
吴语 | [gioʔ23] | ||||
[mjɛn˧˥ʔɑʊ˨˩˦] | |||||
閩南 |
[hueʔ˨] | ||||
库克 |
taʻi | [taʔi] | 1 | ||
používat | [poʔuʒiːvat] | ||||
达哈罗语 | |||||
hånd | [ˈhʌ̹nʔ] | stød | |||
beamen | [bəʔˈaːmə(n)] | 确认 | |||
RP | uh-oh | [ˈɐʔəʊ] | 啊哦 | ||
[ˈʌʔoʊ] | |||||
澳 |
cat | [kʰæʔ(t)] | /t/ | ||
GA | |||||
[kʰæʔ] | |||||
[kʰɛ̝ʔ] | |||||
苏格兰英语 | [kʰäʔ] | ||||
the | [ʔ] | ( | |||
RP[13]:240 |
button | [ˈbɐʔn̩] | 按钮 | ||
芬兰语 | sadeaamu | [ˈsɑdeʔˌɑ:mu] | [14]:7 | ||
Beamter | [bəˈʔamtɐ] | ||||
avañeʼẽ | [ãʋ̃ãɲẽˈʔẽ] | ||||
ʻeleʻele | [ˈʔɛlɛˈʔɛlɛ] | ||||
מַאֲמָר/ma'amar | [maʔămaʁ] | ||||
冰岛语 | en | [ʔɛn] | |||
nalab-ay | [nalabˈʔaj] | ||||
bakso | [ˌbäʔˈso] | /k/ | |||
[gaʔkoː] | |||||
ꦲꦤꦏ꧀ | [änäʔ] | 孩子 | /k/ | ||
杰德 |
[wɛ̃ʔ] | ||||
卡巴尔达语 | ӏэ/'ė | [ʔa] | |||
卡加 |
saag | [saˈʔaɡ] | 'floor' | ||
卡西语 | lyoh | [lʔɔːʔ] | |||
សិទ្ធិ/sĕtthĭ | [səttʰiʔ] | 权利 | |||
韩语 | 일/il | [ʔil] | |||
马来语 | 标准 | tidak | [ˈtidäʔ] | 韵尾/k/ | |
亚维语 | ikat | [ˌiˈkäʔ] | 绑 | 韵尾/k, p, t/ | |
马耳 |
qattus | [ˈʔattus] | |||
wahine | [waʔinɛ] | ||||
waʼang | [wäʔäŋ] | 你 | |||
Mutsun | tawkaʼli | [tawkaʔli] | |||
ჸოროფა/?oropha | [ʔɔrɔpʰɑ] | 爱 | |||
纳瓦 |
tahtli | ⓘ | |||
yáakaʔ | [ˈjaːkaʔ] | ||||
奈恩 |
ai | [aˈʔi] | 树懒 | 转写 | |
冲绳语 | [ʔutu] | ||||
معنی/ma'ni | [maʔni] | 含义 | |||
[ʔɛra] | 词首 | ||||
baíxi | [ˈmàí̯ʔì] | ||||
ê-ê[21] | [ˌʔe̞ˈʔeː] | 哦是 |
边缘 | ||
à aula | [ˈa ˈʔawlɐ] | 对着 | |||
罗图马语[23]:492 | ʻusu | [ʔusu] | |||
萨摩亚语 | maʻi | [maʔi] | |||
撒丁语[24] | unu pacu | [ˈuːnu paʔu] | /n, k, l/ | ||
萨拉 |
sa luna | [sa ʔuʔa] | |||
i onda | [iː ʔô̞n̪d̪a̠] | ||||
Seri | he | [ʔɛ] | |||
ba' | [baʔ] | 灾难 | /ʔ/ | ||
más alto | [ˈma ˈʔal̻t̻o̞] | ||||
cuatro años | [ˈkwatɾo̞ ˈʔãɲo̞s] | 4 | |||
oo | [oʔo] | ||||
puaʻa | [puaʔa] | ||||
อิ่ม/im | [ʔim] | 饱 | |||
汤加语 | tuʻu | [tuʔu] | 站 | ||
冻原涅涅 |
выʼ/vy' | [wɨʔ] | 冻原 | ||
oi | [ʔɔj˧] | 闷热 | |||
沃罗语 | piniq | [ˈpinʲiʔ] | “q”为沃罗语复数标记 | ||
jamh | [t̠ʲʌmʔ] | ||||
7írTi | [ʔirʈa] | ||||
maʻuli | [maʔuli] | ||||
标准 |
aeu | /ʔau1/ | |||
une hache | /y.nʔaʃ/ |
參考 文獻
[编辑]引用
[编辑]- ^ Catford, J. C. Glottal Consonants … Another View. Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 1990, 20 (2): 25–26. JSTOR 44526803. doi:10.1017/S0025100300004229 (
英 语). - ^ Morrow, Paul. The Basics of Filipino Pronunciation: Part 2 of 3 • Accent Marks. Pilipino Express. March 16, 2011 [July 18, 2012]. (
原始 内容 存 档于December 27, 2011) (英 语). - ^ Nolasco, Ricardo M. D., Grammar Notes on the National Language (PDF) (
英 语). - ^ Schoellner, Joan; Heinle, Beverly D. (编). Tagalog Reading Booklet (PDF). Simon & Schister's Pimsleur. 2007: 5–6 [2012-07-18]. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2013-11-27). - ^ Proposal to Add Latin Small Letter Glottal Stop to the UCS (PDF), 2005-08-10 [2011-10-26], (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2011-09-26) (英 语). - ^ Browne, Rachel. What's in A Name? a Chipewyan's Battle Over Her Native Tongue. Maclean's. 12 March 2015 [5 April 2015]. (
原始 内容 存 档于4 April 2015) (英 语). - ^ Graczyk, R. 2007. A Grammar of Crow: Apsáaloke Aliláau. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
- ^ Thelwall (1990)
- ^ 9.0 9.1 Watson (2002)
- ^ Dendane, Zoubir. The Stigmatisation of the Glottal Stop in Tlemcen Speech Community: An Indicator of Dialect Shift. The International Journal of Linguistics and Literature. 2013, 2 (3): 1–10. (
原始 内容 存 档于2019-01-06) (英 语). - ^ Gussenhoven (1992)
- ^ Sivertsen (1960)
- ^ Roach (2004)
- ^ Collinder, Björn. Lärobok i finska språket för krigsmakten. Ivar Häggström. 1941 (芬兰语).
- ^ Ladefoged (2005)
- ^ Clark, Yallop & Fletcher (2007)
- ^ Yager, Joanne; Burtenhult, Niclas. Jedek: A Newly-Discovered Aslian Variety of Malaysia (PDF). Linguistic Typology. 2017, 21 (3): 493–545 [2018-08-07]. S2CID 126145797. doi:10.1515/lingty-2017-0012. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-002E-7CD2-7 . (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2018-08-07) (英 语). - ^ Olson et al. (2010)
- ^ Cruz, Aline da. Fonologia e Gramática do Nheengatú: A língua geral falada pelos povos Baré, Warekena e Baniwa [Phonology and Grammar of Nheengatú: The general language spoken by the Baré, Warekena and Baniwa peoples] (PDF) (Doctor论文). Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. 2011. ISBN 978-94-6093-063-8. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于March 7, 2014) (葡萄 牙 语). - ^ Veloso, João; Martins, Pedro Tiago. O Arquivo Dialetal do CLUP: disponibilização on-line de um corpus dialetal do português. XXVIII Encontro Nacional da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, Coimbra, APL: 673–692. 2013. ISBN 978-989-97440-2-8. (
原始 内容 存 档于2014-03-06) (葡萄 牙 语). - ^ Phonetic Symbols for Portuguese Phonetic Transcription (PDF), October 2012, (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2014-11-08) –通 过users.ox.ac.uk (英 语). In European Portuguese, the "é é" interjection usually employs an epenthetic /i/, being pronounced [e̞ˈje̞] instead. - ^ It may be used mostly as a general call of attention for disapproval, disagreement or inconsistency, but also serves as a synonym of the multiuse expression "eu, hein!". (
葡萄 牙 語 ) How to say 'eu, hein' in English – Adir Ferreira Idiomas 互联网档案 馆的 存 檔,存 档日期 2013-07-08. - ^ Blevins (1994)
- ^ Grimaldi, Lucia; Mensching, Guido (编). Su sardu limba de Sardigna et limba de Europa (PDF). Cooperativa Universitaria Editrice Cagliaritana. 2004: 110–111. ISBN 88-8467-170-1. (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2013-12-05). - ^ 25.0 25.1 Landau et al. (1999)
- ^ Edmondson, J. A.; Esling, J. H.; Harris, J. G., Supraglottal Cavity Shape, Linguistic Register, and Other Phonetic Features of Somali, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.570.821 (
英 语). - ^ Chappell, Whitney, The Hypo-Hyperarticulation Continuum in Nicaraguan Spanish (PDF), [2014-03-07], (
原始 内容 (PDF)存 档于2014-03-07) –通 过nwav42.pitt.edu (英 语). - ^ Michnowicz, Jim; Carpenter, Lindsey, Voiceless Stop Aspiration in Yucatán Spanish: A Sociolinguistic Analysis (PDF), [2014-03-07], (
原始 内容 存 档 (PDF)于2014-03-07) –通 过etd.lib.ncsu.edu (英 语). - ^ Thompson (1959)
书目
[编辑]- Blevins, Juliette, The Bimoraic Foot in Rotuman Phonology and Morphology, Oceanic Linguistics, 1994, 33 (2): 491–516, JSTOR 3623138, doi:10.2307/3623138
- Clark, John Ellery; Yallop, Colin; Fletcher, Janet, An introduction to Phonetics and Phonology, Wiley-Blackwell, 2007 [2017-04-22], (
原始 内容 存 档于2016-06-10) - Gussenhoven, Carlos, Dutch, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1992, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X
- Ladefoged, Peter, Vowels and Consonants Second, Blackwell, 2005, ISBN 0-631-21411-9
- Landau, Ernestina; Lončarić, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo, Croatian, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 66–69, 1999, ISBN 0-521-65236-7
- Olson, Kenneth; Mielke, Jeff; Sanicas-Daguman, Josephine; Pebley, Carol Jean; Paterson, Hugh J., III, The phonetic status of the (inter)dental approximant, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2010, 40 (2): 199–215, doi:10.1017/S0025100309990296
- Roach, Peter, British English: Received Pronunciation, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2004, 34 (2): 239–245, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001768
- Schane, Sanford A, French Phonology and Morphology, Boston, Mass.: M.I.T. Press, 1968, ISBN 0-262-19040-0
- Sivertsen, Eva, Cockney Phonology, Oslo: University of Oslo, 1960
- Thelwall, Robin, Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 1990, 20 (2): 37–41, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266
- Thompson, Laurence, Saigon phonemics, Language, 1959, 35 (3): 454–476, JSTOR 411232, doi:10.2307/411232
- Watson, Janet, The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic, New York: Oxford University Press, 2002, ISBN 0-19-824137-2
參 見
[编辑]外部 連結
[编辑]
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