εいぷしろん-變形へんけい菌きん

εいぷしろん-變形へんけい菌きん綱つな
	幽門ゆうもん螺旋らせん桿菌かんきん的てき电子显微照あきら片へん
科学かがく分ぶん类
域いき：	细菌域いき Bacteria
门：	假かり單たん胞菌門もん Pseudomonadota
纲：	εいぷしろん-變形へんけい菌きん綱つな Epsilonproteobacteria; Garrity et al. 2006
模も式しき属ぞく
	弯曲菌きん属ぞく; Campylobacter; Sebald and Véron 1963 (Approved Lists 1980)
目め
	弯曲菌きん目め Campylobacterales; 鹦鹉螺にし菌きん目め Nautiliales;
異名いみょう
	弯曲菌きん纲 "Campylobacteria" Waite et al. 2017; 鹦鹉螺にし菌きん纲 "Nautiliia" Cavalier-Smith 2020;

εいぷしろん-變形へんけい菌きん（学名がくめい：Epsilonproteobacteria）^[1]^[2]是ぜ一いち个革かわ兰氏阴性细菌纲。此纲是ぜ五ご种變形へんけい菌きん中ちゅう最小さいしょう的てき纲，只ただ有ゆう少数しょうすう属ぞく被ひ鉴定出来でき，包括ほうかつ沃林氏し菌きん、幽かそけ门螺杆菌和わ弯曲菌きん。2021年ねんICSP修おさむ订细菌きん分ぶん类学之の前まえ，此纲被ひ归类为假かり單たん胞菌門もん，修おさむ订之后きさき被ひ归类为弯曲菌きん门^[3]，然しか而LPSN却不承ぶしょう认该门存在そんざい。^[4]

词源

εいぷしろん-变形菌きん纲曾是ぜ变形菌きん门（Proteobacteria，现称Pseudomonadota）中ちゅう的てき一いち个纲。“Proteobacteria”得とく名めい于希まれ腊海神しん普ひろし罗透斯（Proteus），他た能のう够变化か外形がいけい使し人じん无法捉到他た，故こ比ひ喻这类细菌きん形がた态的多た样性。希まれ腊字母はは“εいぷしろん（epsilon）”是ぜ希まれ腊字母はは表ひょう中ちゅう的てき第だい五ご个字母はは，变形菌きん门初次じ被ひ描述时，学者がくしゃ根ね据すえ16S rRNA基もと因いん序列じょれつ分析ぶんせき，将はた其划分ぶん为五个纲，其中εいぷしろん-变形菌きん纲是第だい五个被划分的纲，因いん此得名めい。^[1]^[5]

历史

2005年ねん，Garrity等とう人じん基もと于16S rRNA基もと因いん序列じょれつ分析ぶんせき，将はた变形菌きん门划分为五个纲，其中εいぷしろん-变形菌きん纲为第だい五ご个纲，由ゆかり弯曲菌きん目め形成けいせい。^[5]隔年かくねん，εいぷしろん-变形菌きん纲正式しき被ひ描述。^[6]

2017年ねん，Waite等とう人通ひとどおり过对16S和わ23S rRNA基もと因いん以及120个单拷贝标记蛋白たんぱく的てき分析ぶんせき，研究けんきゅう了りょうεいぷしろん-变形菌きん纲在细菌域いき中ちゅう的てき系けい统发育いく位置いち。他た们的研究けんきゅう结果表明ひょうめい，εいぷしろん-变形菌きん纲不再さい需要じゅよう归入变形菌きん门内，并提议建立こんりゅう一いち个新的てき门，即そくεいぷしろん-变形菌きん门（Epsilonbacteraeota）。同どう时，为彻底そこ斩断εいぷしろん-变形菌きん纲与变形菌きん门的联系，他た们还建けん议将εいぷしろん-变形菌きん纲更名めい为弯曲きょく菌きん纲（Campylobacteria）。^[7]隔年かくねん，由ゆかり于ICNP的てき规则调整，他た们决定じょう将はた原はら先さき建けん议的名称めいしょう更改こうかい为弯曲きょく菌きん门（Campylobacterota）。^[8]2021年ねん，弯曲菌きん门正式しき得え到いた有效ゆうこう发布，εいぷしろん-变形菌きん纲也正式せいしき归入该门。^[3]然しか而，LPSN却不承ぶしょう认该门存在そんざい，仍将其成员视为假单胞菌きん门的一いち部分ぶぶん。^[4]

2020年ねん，Cavalier-Smith在ざい其研究けんきゅう中指なかゆび出で，根ね据すえICNP第だい9条じょう规则，εいぷしろん-变形菌きん纲已成なり为无效こう名称めいしょう。于是，Cavalier-Smith提つつみ议将εいぷしろん-变形菌きん纲更名めい为鹦鹉螺菌きん纲（Nautiliia）。然しか而，这一提议未被广泛接受。^[9]

描述

εいぷしろん-變形へんけい菌きん是ぜ五种变形菌纲中最小的一种。此纲物ぶつ种的细胞均ひとし为革かわ兰氏阴性，且具有ぐゆう包つつみ围细胞壁かべ的てき内うち膜まく和わ外そと膜まく。其形态多为弯曲きょく或ある螺旋らせん状じょう，除じょ了りょう卵たまご硫菌，该属呈てい球状きゅうじょう。^[10]^[11]许多εいぷしろん-變形へんけい菌きん具有ぐゆう鞭むち毛げ运动能力のうりょく，且已经进化か出で高速こうそく游ゆう动的能力のうりょく，并且能のう够在固定こてい肠道的てき粘性ねんせい介かい质中游ゆう动。^[12]此外，εいぷしろん-變形へんけい菌きん是ぜ一いち类微ほろ需氧细菌。^[13]

在ざい深海ふかうみ热液环境发现的てきεいぷしろん-變形へんけい菌きん特とく征せい性せい地表ちひょう现出化か能のう自じ养性せい，通つう过氧化还原硫、甲きのえ酸さん盐或ある氢气，同どう时还原ばら硝酸しょうさん盐或ある氧气来らい满足其能量りょう需求。^[14]εいぷしろん-變形へんけい菌きん使用しよう逆ぎゃく三さん羧酸循环将はた二に氧化碳固定こてい为生物せいぶつ质，这种途と径みち最初さいしょ被ひ认为对环境さかい影かげ响不大だい。该途径みち对氧气的敏感びんかん性せい与あずか它们在ざい这些环境中ちゅう的てき微ほろ需氧或ある厌氧生なま态位相あい一致いっち，亦また与あずか它们在ざい中元ちゅうげん古代こだい海洋かいよう中ちゅう的てき可能かのう进化相しょう一致いっち^[15]。据すえ信しんじ，当とう时的海洋かいよう是ぜ含硫的てき，蓝藻光ひかり合作がっさく用よう中ちゅう可か利用りよう的てき氧气含量很低。^[16]

εいぷしろん-变形菌きん被ひ公おおやけ认为现代海洋かいよう和わ陆地生せい态系统中普遍ふへん存在そんざい的てき菌きん类，在ざい整せい个地球ちきゅう历史的てき生物せいぶつ地球ちきゅう化学かがく和地わじ质过程ほど中ちゅう发挥了りょう重要じゅうよう作用さよう。^[15]大だい多数たすう已やめ知ち物ぶつ种作为共生きょうせい菌きん（牛うし中ちゅう的てき沃林氏し菌きん属ぞく）或ある病原菌びょうげんきん（胃い中ちゅう的てき幽かそけ门螺杆菌属ぞく，十じゅう二に指ゆび肠中なか的てき弯曲菌きん属ぞく）栖息せいそく在ざい动物的てき消化しょうか道どう中なか。在ざい热液喷口和わ冷泉れいせん栖息せいそく地中ちちゅう也发现了大量たいりょうεいぷしろん-變形へんけい菌きん的てき环境序列じょれつ。^[17]对人类有致病性的せいてき属ぞく有ゆう弯曲菌きん属ぞく和わ幽かそけ门螺杆菌属ぞく等とう。^[11]

参考さんこう文献ぶんけん

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Class: Epsilonproteobacteria. lpsn.dsmz.de. [2024-07-28] （英えい语）.
^ taxonomy. Taxonomy browser (root). www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. [2024-08-20].
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Oren, Aharon; Garrity, George M. Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2021, 71 (10). ISSN 1466-5034. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005056.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Phylum: Campylobacterota. lpsn.dsmz.de. [2024-08-20] （英えい语）.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Don J. Brenner, Noel R. Krieg, James T. Staley. Garrity GM, Bell JA, Lilburn T. Class V. Epsilonproteobacteria class. nov.. Bergey's Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume Two: The Proteobacteria (Part C). 2005: 1145. ISBN 978-0-387-24145-6. doi:10.1007/0-387-29298-5 （英えい语）.
^ List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. ISSN 1466-5034. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.64188-0.
^ Waite, David W.; Vanwonterghem, Inka; Rinke, Christian; Parks, Donovan H.; Zhang, Ying; Takai, Ken; Sievert, Stefan M.; Simon, Jörg; Campbell, Barbara J.; Hanson, Thomas E.; Woyke, Tanja. Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Class Epsilonproteobacteria and Proposed Reclassification to Epsilonbacteraeota (phyl. nov.). Frontiers in Microbiology. 2017-04-24, 8. ISSN 1664-302X. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00682 （英えい语）.
^ Waite, David W.; Vanwonterghem, Inka; Rinke, Christian; Parks, Donovan H.; Zhang, Ying; Takai, Ken; Sievert, Stefan M.; Simon, Jörg; Campbell, Barbara J.; Hanson, Thomas E.; Woyke, Tanja. Addendum: Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Class Epsilonproteobacteria and Proposed Reclassification to Epsilonbacteraeota (phyl. nov.). Frontiers in Microbiology. 2018-04-18, 9. ISSN 1664-302X. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00772 （英えい语）.
^ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E-Yung. Multidomain ribosomal protein trees and the planctobacterial origin of neomura (eukaryotes, archaebacteria). Protoplasma. 2020-05-01, 257 (3). ISSN 1615-6102. PMC 7203096 . PMID 31900730. doi:10.1007/s00709-019-01442-7 （英えい语）.
^ Marshall, Ian P. G.; Blainey, Paul C.; Spormann, Alfred M.; Quake, Stephen R. A Single-Cell Genome for Thiovulum sp.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2012-12, 78 (24). ISSN 0099-2240. PMC 3502928 . PMID 23023751. doi:10.1128/AEM.02314-12.
^ ^11.0 ^11.1 Jules J. Berman. Taxonomic Guide to Infectious Diseases. 2012: 50. ISBN 978-0-12-415895-5. doi:10.1016/C2011-0-04443-5.
^ Beeby, Morgan. Motility in the epsilon-proteobacteria. Current Opinion in Microbiology. Growth and development: eukaryotes and prokaryotes. 2015-12-01, 28. ISSN 1369-5274. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.09.005.
^ Nordestgaard, Rie Louise Møller; Spiegelhauer, Malene Roed; Frandsen, Tove Havnhøj; Gren, Caroline; Stauning, Agnes Tving; Andersen, Leif Percival. Clinical Manifestations of the Epsilonproteobacteria (Helicobacter pylori). Helicobacter Pylori - New Approaches of an Old Human Microorganism. IntechOpen. 2018-11-05. ISBN 978-1-83881-147-1 （英えい语）.
^ Takai, Ken; Campbell, Barbara J.; Cary, S. Craig; Suzuki, Masae; Oida, Hanako; Nunoura, Takuro; Hirayama, Hisako; Nakagawa, Satoshi; Suzuki, Yohey; Inagaki, Fumio; Horikoshi, Koki. Enzymatic and Genetic Characterization of Carbon and Energy Metabolisms by Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Chemolithoautotrophic Isolates of Epsilonproteobacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2005-11, 71 (11). ISSN 0099-2240. PMC 1287660 . PMID 16269773. doi:10.1128/AEM.71.11.7310-7320.2005.
^ ^15.0 ^15.1 Campbell, Barbara J.; Engel, Annette Summers; Porter, Megan L.; Takai, Ken. The versatile εいぷしろん-proteobacteria: key players in sulphidic habitats. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2006-05-02, 4 (6): 458–468. ISSN 1740-1526. PMID 16652138. S2CID 10479314. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1414.
^ Anbar, A. D.; A. H. Knoll. Proterozoic Ocean Chemistry and Evolution: A Bioinorganic Bridge?. Science. 2002-08-16, 297 (5584): 1137–1142. Bibcode:2002Sci...297.1137A. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.615.3041 . PMID 12183619. S2CID 5578019. doi:10.1126/science.1069651.
^ Dharumadurai, Dhanasekaran. Chapter 42 - Culture-independent and culture-dependent approaches in symbiont analysis: in proteobacteria. Microbial Symbionts: Functions and Molecular Interactions on Host. 2023: 746. ISBN 978-0-323-99334-0. doi:10.1016/C2021-0-01933-7.

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Class: Epsilonproteobacteria. lpsn.dsmz.de. [2024-07-28] （英えい语）.

[2] taxonomy. Taxonomy browser (root). www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. [2024-08-20].

[:3-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Oren, Aharon; Garrity, George M. Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2021, 71 (10). ISSN 1466-5034. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005056.

[:4-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Phylum: Campylobacterota. lpsn.dsmz.de. [2024-08-20] （英えい语）.

[:1-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Don J. Brenner, Noel R. Krieg, James T. Staley. Garrity GM, Bell JA, Lilburn T. Class V. Epsilonproteobacteria class. nov.. Bergey's Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume Two: The Proteobacteria (Part C). 2005: 1145. ISBN 978-0-387-24145-6. doi:10.1007/0-387-29298-5 （英えい语）.

[6] List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. ISSN 1466-5034. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.64188-0.

[7] Waite, David W.; Vanwonterghem, Inka; Rinke, Christian; Parks, Donovan H.; Zhang, Ying; Takai, Ken; Sievert, Stefan M.; Simon, Jörg; Campbell, Barbara J.; Hanson, Thomas E.; Woyke, Tanja. Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Class Epsilonproteobacteria and Proposed Reclassification to Epsilonbacteraeota (phyl. nov.). Frontiers in Microbiology. 2017-04-24, 8. ISSN 1664-302X. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00682 （英えい语）.

[8] Waite, David W.; Vanwonterghem, Inka; Rinke, Christian; Parks, Donovan H.; Zhang, Ying; Takai, Ken; Sievert, Stefan M.; Simon, Jörg; Campbell, Barbara J.; Hanson, Thomas E.; Woyke, Tanja. Addendum: Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Class Epsilonproteobacteria and Proposed Reclassification to Epsilonbacteraeota (phyl. nov.). Frontiers in Microbiology. 2018-04-18, 9. ISSN 1664-302X. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00772 （英えい语）.

[9] Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E-Yung. Multidomain ribosomal protein trees and the planctobacterial origin of neomura (eukaryotes, archaebacteria). Protoplasma. 2020-05-01, 257 (3). ISSN 1615-6102. PMC 7203096 . PMID 31900730. doi:10.1007/s00709-019-01442-7 （英えい语）.

[10] Marshall, Ian P. G.; Blainey, Paul C.; Spormann, Alfred M.; Quake, Stephen R. A Single-Cell Genome for Thiovulum sp.. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2012-12, 78 (24). ISSN 0099-2240. PMC 3502928 . PMID 23023751. doi:10.1128/AEM.02314-12.

[:5-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Jules J. Berman. Taxonomic Guide to Infectious Diseases. 2012: 50. ISBN 978-0-12-415895-5. doi:10.1016/C2011-0-04443-5.

[12] Beeby, Morgan. Motility in the epsilon-proteobacteria. Current Opinion in Microbiology. Growth and development: eukaryotes and prokaryotes. 2015-12-01, 28. ISSN 1369-5274. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.09.005.

[13] Nordestgaard, Rie Louise Møller; Spiegelhauer, Malene Roed; Frandsen, Tove Havnhøj; Gren, Caroline; Stauning, Agnes Tving; Andersen, Leif Percival. Clinical Manifestations of the Epsilonproteobacteria (Helicobacter pylori). Helicobacter Pylori - New Approaches of an Old Human Microorganism. IntechOpen. 2018-11-05. ISBN 978-1-83881-147-1 （英えい语）.

[14] Takai, Ken; Campbell, Barbara J.; Cary, S. Craig; Suzuki, Masae; Oida, Hanako; Nunoura, Takuro; Hirayama, Hisako; Nakagawa, Satoshi; Suzuki, Yohey; Inagaki, Fumio; Horikoshi, Koki. Enzymatic and Genetic Characterization of Carbon and Energy Metabolisms by Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Chemolithoautotrophic Isolates of Epsilonproteobacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2005-11, 71 (11). ISSN 0099-2240. PMC 1287660 . PMID 16269773. doi:10.1128/AEM.71.11.7310-7320.2005.

[:2-15] 15.0 ^15.1 Campbell, Barbara J.; Engel, Annette Summers; Porter, Megan L.; Takai, Ken. The versatile εいぷしろん-proteobacteria: key players in sulphidic habitats. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2006-05-02, 4 (6): 458–468. ISSN 1740-1526. PMID 16652138. S2CID 10479314. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1414.

[16] Anbar, A. D.; A. H. Knoll. Proterozoic Ocean Chemistry and Evolution: A Bioinorganic Bridge?. Science. 2002-08-16, 297 (5584): 1137–1142. Bibcode:2002Sci...297.1137A. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.615.3041 . PMID 12183619. S2CID 5578019. doi:10.1126/science.1069651.

[17] Dharumadurai, Dhanasekaran. Chapter 42 - Culture-independent and culture-dependent approaches in symbiont analysis: in proteobacteria. Microbial Symbionts: Functions and Molecular Interactions on Host. 2023: 746. ISBN 978-0-323-99334-0. doi:10.1016/C2021-0-01933-7.

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