海うみ地ち帮派战争

海うみ地ち幫派戰爭せんそう
	2018年ねん至いたり今こん海うみ地ち示威じい的てき一いち部分ぶぶん
	; 2023年ねん至いたり2024年ねん之の間あいだ的てき衝突しょうとつ幫派活動かつどう區域くいき
日にち期き	2020年ねん5月がつ24日にち – 至いたり今いま; (4年ねん4个月又また5天てん)
地点ちてん	海うみ地ち
状じょう态	進行しんこう中ちゅう; 阿おもね里さと埃ほこり尔·亨とおる利り辞じ职;
参まいり战方
指ゆび挥官与あずか领导者しゃ
伤亡与あずか损失
	3,700 多た人じん死亡しぼう; 362,000 人にん境さかい內流離りゅうり失しつ所しょ

海うみ地ち帮派战争是ぜ指ゆび自じ2020年ねん以来いらい，海うみ地ち两个主要しゅよう犯罪はんざい集しゅう团G9與あずかG-Pep之の間あいだ持續じぞく不斷ふだん的てき衝突しょうとつ，犯罪はんざい集しゅう团在海うみ地ち首都しゅと太子たいし港こう持續じぞく交火。^[10]^[3]^[2]^[10]在ざい这场冲突中ちゅう，海うみ地ち政府せいふ和わ海うみ地ち安全あんぜん部ぶ队一直試圖控制太子港的局勢。^[3]截至2023年ねん，太子たいし港こう90%的てき地区ちく已やめ被かむ幫派控ひかえ制せい。^[11]2023年ねん，海うみ地ち的てき帮派暴力ぼうりょく导致4451人にん死亡しぼう，1668人にん受伤。2024年ねん前まえ三さん个月，幫派暴力ぼうりょく造成ぞうせい的てき死し伤人数すう分ふん别达到1554人にん和わ826人にん^[12]^[13]^[7]，362,000人にん流離りゅうり失しつ所しょ。^[9]

为了应对不断ふだん升ます级的帮派衝突しょうとつ，一いち個こ名めい为bwa kale的てき武装ぶそう自じ卫队加入かにゅう打だ击帮派は的てき行列ぎょうれつ。^[3]^[14]2023年ねん10月がつ2日にち，联合国安くにやす理会りかい通過つうか第だい2699号ごう决议，授权肯尼亚领导的てき“多国たこく安全あんぜん支持しじ团”前ぜん往海地ち維持いじ秩序ちつじょ。^[15]

2024年ねん3月がつ，帮派襲擊しゅうげき太子たいし港こう两座监狱，数すう千せん名めい囚しゅう犯はん被ひ释放。帮派迫はさま使し总理阿おもね里さと埃ほこり尔·亨とおる利り辞じ职，并对多た个政府せいふ机つくえ构發動はつどう袭击，导致海うみ地ち政府せいふ宣布せんぷ进入紧急状じょう态并实施宵よい禁きん。^[16]

註解ちゅうかい

^ 到いた2022年ねん年中ねんじゅう，約やく有ゆう1,100人にん在ざい幫派戰爭せんそう中ちゅう喪も生せい。^[6]^[7]2023年ねん底そこ，聯合れんごう國こく估計2023年ねん1月がつ至いたり8月がつ又また有ゆう2,439人にん被ひ殺ころせ。^[8]

參考さんこう文獻ぶんけん

^ Walker 2022，第だい4, 17–18頁ぺーじ.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Da Rin, Diego. New Gang Battle Lines Scar Haiti as Political Deadlock Persists. Crisis Group. 27 July 2022 [2 October 2023]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2 October 2023）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Dyer, Evan. In Haiti, a grassroots vigilante movement is fighting back against gang warfare. cbc. 8 May 2023 [30 September 2023]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于1 October 2023）.
^ RNDDH 2020，第だい8頁ぺーじ.
^ Guy Philippe, former rebel calls for 'revolution' to oust Haiti's Henry - The Washington Post. The Washington Post. 2024-02-11.
^ UCDP – Uppsala Conflict Data Program. ucdp.uu.se. [28 July 2022]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于7 January 2023）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Charles, Jacqueline. Gang continues deadly attack on Haiti slum, sparking violent protests over fuel shortages. Miami Herald. 13 July 2022 [13 July 2022]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于14 July 2022）.
^ United Nations statistics underscore 'extreme brutality' of Haiti's gangs. al-Jazeera. 19 August 2023 [6 October 2023]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于19 October 2023）.
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 Statement by UNICEF Executive Director Catherine Russell on the situation in Haiti. UNICEF. 6 March 2024 [7 March 2024]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于7 March 2024）.
^ ^10.0 ^10.1 Rivers, Matt. Rare glimpse inside neighborhood at the center of Haiti's gang war. ABC. 31 July 2023 [30 September 2023]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于3 October 2023）.
^ Chaos In Haiti Escalates as Gang Violence, Fuel Shortages Threaten Access to Health Care. Partners in Health. 24 March 2023 [30 September 2023]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于3 October 2023）.
^ 海うみ地ち今年ことし头三个月帮派暴力已造成1500多た人じん死亡しぼう. 联合国こく新しん闻. 2024-03-28 [2024-03-29]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2024-04-12）（中ちゅう文ぶん）.
^ UCDP – Uppsala Conflict Data Program. ucdp.uu.se. [28 July 2022]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于7 January 2023）.
^ Chéry, Ons. Bwa kale: Protests still draw people fed up in Haiti, despite risks. The Haitian Times. 18 November 2022 [7 January 2023]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于24 December 2022）.
^ Robles, Frances; Fassihi, Farnaz. U.N. Approves Kenya-Led Security Mission to Help Haiti Stamp Out Gangs. The New York Times. 2 October 2023 [3 October 2023]. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于3 October 2023）（美国びくに英えい语）.
^ It's not just gang violence surging in Haiti. It's a rebellion: ANALYSIS. ABC News. [7 March 2024]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于8 March 2024）.

[9] 到いた2022年ねん年中ねんじゅう，約やく有ゆう1,100人にん在ざい幫派戰爭せんそう中ちゅう喪も生せい。^[6]^[7]2023年ねん底そこ，聯合れんごう國こく估計2023年ねん1月がつ至いたり8月がつ又また有ゆう2,439人にん被ひ殺ころせ。^[8]

[FOOTNOTEWalker20224,_17–18-1] Walker 2022，第だい4, 17–18頁ぺーじ.

[Da_Rin-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Da Rin, Diego. New Gang Battle Lines Scar Haiti as Political Deadlock Persists. Crisis Group. 27 July 2022 [2 October 2023]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2 October 2023）.

[dyer-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Dyer, Evan. In Haiti, a grassroots vigilante movement is fighting back against gang warfare. cbc. 8 May 2023 [30 September 2023]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于1 October 2023）.

[FOOTNOTERNDDH20208-4] RNDDH 2020，第だい8頁ぺーじ.

[phillippe_demand2-5] Guy Philippe, former rebel calls for 'revolution' to oust Haiti's Henry - The Washington Post. The Washington Post. 2024-02-11.

[6] UCDP – Uppsala Conflict Data Program. ucdp.uu.se. [28 July 2022]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于7 January 2023）.

[auto-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Charles, Jacqueline. Gang continues deadly attack on Haiti slum, sparking violent protests over fuel shortages. Miami Herald. 13 July 2022 [13 July 2022]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于14 July 2022）.

[jazeera-8] United Nations statistics underscore 'extreme brutality' of Haiti's gangs. al-Jazeera. 19 August 2023 [6 October 2023]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于19 October 2023）.

[UNICEF-10] 9.0 ^9.1 Statement by UNICEF Executive Director Catherine Russell on the situation in Haiti. UNICEF. 6 March 2024 [7 March 2024]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于7 March 2024）.

[rivers-11] 10.0 ^10.1 Rivers, Matt. Rare glimpse inside neighborhood at the center of Haiti's gang war. ABC. 31 July 2023 [30 September 2023]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于3 October 2023）.

[pih-12] Chaos In Haiti Escalates as Gang Violence, Fuel Shortages Threaten Access to Health Care. Partners in Health. 24 March 2023 [30 September 2023]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于3 October 2023）.

[13] 海うみ地ち今年ことし头三个月帮派暴力已造成1500多た人じん死亡しぼう. 联合国こく新しん闻. 2024-03-28 [2024-03-29]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于2024-04-12）（中ちゅう文ぶん）.

[14] UCDP – Uppsala Conflict Data Program. ucdp.uu.se. [28 July 2022]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于7 January 2023）.

[auto2-15] Chéry, Ons. Bwa kale: Protests still draw people fed up in Haiti, despite risks. The Haitian Times. 18 November 2022 [7 January 2023]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于24 December 2022）.

[:0-16] Robles, Frances; Fassihi, Farnaz. U.N. Approves Kenya-Led Security Mission to Help Haiti Stamp Out Gangs. The New York Times. 2 October 2023 [3 October 2023]. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于3 October 2023）（美国びくに英えい语）.

[17] It's not just gang violence surging in Haiti. It's a rebellion: ANALYSIS. ABC News. [7 March 2024]. （原始げんし内容ないよう存そん档于8 March 2024）.

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