LAW ENFORCEMENT

ADMINISTRATION
WENDELL B. MALARASTA
REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE
CERTIFIED CRIMINAL INVESTIGATOR
EARIST BS CRIM CL 2016 MAGNA CUM LAUDE

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 1

 MAHIRAP PO BA ANG BOARD EXAM?
 ILANG SUBJECTS PO BA ANG BOARD?
 REQUIRED BA TALAGA MAG BOARD?
 ANO PO BANG MGA KLASENG TANONG ANG

TINATANONG SA BOARD?
 ILANG BESES PO BA PWEDENG MAG TAKE?
 ANO BANG BENEFITS KAPAG NAKAPASA?
 REQUIRED BA MAG REVIEW CENTER?
 SA TINGIN MO SIR? PAPASA KAYA AKO?

WENDELL B. MALARASTA Sunday, September 4, 202 2

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 ANGTANGA KO!

 A – ABSENT MADALAS
 N – NADATING LATE, NAUWI NANG MAAGA
 G – GO OUT AND GO OUT
 T – TEXT NG TEXT
 A – ALANG DALANG GAMIT PARA SA LECTURE
 N – NALIPAD ANG ISIP O KAYA NATUTULOG
 G – GALING GALINGAN SA LECTURE
 A – ANG DALDAL AT KULIT NA WALA SA LUGAR
 K – KULANG SA NOTE TAKING
 O – OK KA LANG? LAGAY NA YAN PAPASA KA? ASA KA PA…
◦ -Dean Jeff Bajita

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 ALL
YOU HAVE TO DO IS TO GET A
HAMMER, NAILS AND A CHAIR.

 ANDUSE THE HAMMER AND NAILS TO

MAKE YOUR BUTT FIXED TO THE
CHAIR.

WENDELL B. MALARASTA Sunday, September 4, 202 4

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 STUDY IN INTERVALS!
 STUDYING IN 20-50 MINUTES

INCREMENTS AND GIVING YOURSELF

5-10 MINUTES IN BETWEEN IS MORE
BENEFICIAL THAN CRAMMING. THIS
COULD HELP YOU TO RETAIN MORE
MEMORIES IN A LONG TERM MANNER!

WENDELL B. MALARASTA Sunday, September 4, 202 8

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SCIENCE SAYS THAT JUST 20
MINUTES OF CARDIO CAN IMPROVE
YOUR MEMORY, WHETHER YOU’RE
DANCING, JOGGING OR BUSTING A
SWEAT BY WALKING, EXERCISE WILL
INCREASE YOUR ENERGY LEVEL
AND REDUCE THE EFFECTS OF
STRESS!
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 ALWAYSEAT YOUR BREAKFAST BEFORE
READING YOUR NOTES
RECOMMENDED TYPES OF FOOD:
◦ HIGH CARB, HIGH FIBER, SLOW DIGESTING
FOODS LIKE OATMEAL ARE BEST
◦ AVOID FATS, EGGS, CHEESE, CREAM,
◦ TAKE A BREAK BY EATING ALMONDS OR
NUTS. FRUITS AND YOGURT

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 DONOT STUDY IN THE SAME PLACE
ALL THE TIME

 TRYTO HAVE ALTERNATIVE STUDY

SPOTS LIKE LIBRARY, PERSONAL
ROOM, GARDEN, COFFEE SHOPS, OR
ANY PLACE SUITABLE FOR STUDY

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DO NOT FOCUS YOUR SELF
BY READING YOUR NOTES
DO NOT FORGET TO TEST

YOUR KNOWLEDGE TO
BOOST YOUR
PERFORMANCE

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 ALL NIGHTERS IMPRAIR REASONING AND
MEMORY FOR AS LONG AS FOUR DAYS

 GET A GOOD NIGHT SLEEP AND EXPECT TO

PERFORM BETTER ON TESTS

 REVIEW YOUR TOUGHEST MATERIAL BEFORE

GOING TO BED. IT MAKES IT EASIER TO
RECALL THE MATERIAL LATER.

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 TRY TO AVOID STUDYIGN WHILE LISTENING
TO A MUSIC, TEXTING FRIENDS, UPDATING
YOUR FB STATUS, OR WATCHING YOUR
FAVORITE TV SHOW OR MOVIE.
 IF YOUR LISTENING TO MUSIC, TRY

INSTRUMENTAL SONGS OR TRY

 DOWNLOADING SONGS FOR STUDYING

 AVOID WATCHING PORN

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 IF YOU FEEL LIKE DOING ANYTHING AND JUST
WANT TO LAY ON YOUR BED, TRY THIS ONE!

 IF YOU HAVE AN ANDROID PHONE, IPAD,

IPHONE OR ANY SMART PHONE OR DEVICES
TRY TO DOWNLOAD “TEXT-TO-SPEECH APP”

 IF YOU DON’T LIKE TO READ THIS APP WILL

READ YOUR NOTES FOR YOU
 DON’T FORGET THAT YOU MUST HAVE SOFT

COPIES OF YOUR NOTES

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AFTER A WEEK OF READING YOUR
NOTES, TRY A PRACTICE TEST TO
PROVE WHETHER YOU LEARNED OR
YOU NEED TO REPEAT THE R.U.M.
AND S.E.X. TECHNIQUES

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LEA is the most comprehensive area in the
criminology board examination carrying a
weight of 20 % from the total percentage in
the scoring system.

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 SUBJECT/AREA WEIGHT

Criminal Jurisprudence, Procedure & Evidence 20%

Law Enforcement Administration 20%

Crime Detection and Investigation 20%

Criminalistics 15%

Correctional Administration 10%

Sociology of crimes and Ethics 15%

TOTAL 100%

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Cluster/Subject/Competency Weight 1. Police
Organization and Administration with Police Planning (4.5%)
 2. Industrial Security Management (2.0%)
 3. Police Patrol Operation with Police Communication System (4.0%)
 4. Police Intelligence (4.0%)
 5. Police Personnel & Records Management (4.5%)
 6. Comparative Police System (1.0%)

Total 20%

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2
 PART ONE
POLICE ORGANIZATION AND
ADMINISTRATION WITH
POLICE PLANNING

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In simplest sense, police refers to the civilian
agency of the government responsible for the
enforcement of laws , prevention of crimes,
maintenance of peace and order and ensuring
public safety and internal security with the
active support of the community

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 Basic Concepts
Police – “Politeia” G, government of a city
“Politia” R, same meaning above
“Polizei” Gr, Safe keepers (territory)
“Police” F, persons to enforce law

**borrowed by the English and Americans to

refer to LAW ENFORCER.

** constable, patrol, F in origin

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Agroup of persons working
together for a common goal or
objectives.

Aform of human association for

the attainment of a goal or
objective.

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A group of trained personnel in the
field of public safety administration
engaged in the achievement of goals
and objectives that promotes the
maintenance of peace and order,
protection of life and property,
enforcement of the laws and the
prevention of crimes.

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 It is an organizational process
concerned with the implementation of
objectives and plans and internal
operating efficiency.

 Itconnotes bureaucratic structure and

behavior, relatively routine decision
making and maintenance of the
internal status quo.

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Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 28
2300 B.C – Sumerians Lipithstar
& Eshumma – set standards on
what constituted an offense
against society – the Sumerian
Code
2100 B.C – Babylonians – Code
of King Hammurabi – Principle
LEX TALIONES – oldest harsh
code.
September 4, 2022
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 1500 B.C – Egyptians – Court system
presided by judges appointed by the
Pharoah; Marine patrol & custom
house officers protecting commerce
started; first use of dog patrol;
 Medjays – civilian police under the
command of a military.
 Ancient Greece – Ephori – law
enforcers

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 Ancient Rome – 12 Tabulae (12 Tables) – the
first written laws, Emperor Augustus –
created the Praetorian Guard, Urban Cohorts
(City Patrol), and the Vigiles (fire fighters);

 EmperorJustinian – Justinian Code became

known as Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Law)

**Vigiles –first civilian police force which keep

the peace very ruthlessly, hence the word
vigilantes.

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 Anglo-Saxon (England: 849-899) -Time of King Alfred**
 Tun Policing – Tun (Town);
 Frankpledge system - 10 male residents as guardians of the
town known as tythings (10 families).
 Each tithing elected a leader who was known as the
Tithingman.
 The leader of the 100 families was named the reeve. They
possessed judicial power as well as police authority.
 ** Hue and Cry – Complainant shouts for the mandatory
assembly of men to catch the culprit,
 horn – oldest known warning device
 ** Royal Judge – investigates and punishes
 ** Trial by Ordeal – painful test
guilt/innocence

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 Normal Period of Policing
 Time of Norman William The Conqueror
(King of France)
 **Shire-Rieve – shire (district/country)
 rieve (ruler) later called Sheriff– England
was divided into 55 military districts under
the control of a rieve.
 **Travelling Judge – renders judgment and
gives punishment.
 ** Leges Henri – Law of King Henri I –
policemen were considered public officials.
 ** Magna Carta – laws with the demand of
the Knights of the Round Table – beginning
of national/local government and
legislation.

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 Westminster Period
 **Statute of Westminster –laws governing
policing came out of the capital of England,
which at the time was Westminster.
 constables at night (watch) and in daytime
(ward)
 Statute of 1285 –Watchmen (16 heads) .

-a collection of regulations aimed at keeping the

peace.
 **Statute of 1295 – gate of London close at
sundown – curfew system adopted.
 ** Justice of the Peace – a position with power
to arrest, pursue and impose punishment.
 **Star Chamber Court – special court to try
offenses against the state.

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 **Keepers of the Peace – time of King
Richard appoint – Knights to keep the
King’s Peace.
 ** The Charlies – time of King
Charles – appoint – night watchers
known as Bellmen - on duty from
sunset to sunrise.
 ** Bow Street Runner – time of Henry
Fielding, appointment of foot patrol,
horse patrol (mounted patrol).
 Introduced the first detective force

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 Bow Runners

 a group of men organized by Henry Fielding and named by

his brother John Fielding task to catch thieves and
robbers.

 Identified by carrying a Tipstaff with the Royal Crown

made up of eight constables who also investigated
crimes handed over to them by the volunteer constables
and watchmen
 
1798 Marine Police Force 
 responsible for preventing the theft of cargo. = widely
regarded as being the first modern police force in the
world,  

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 Modern Period of Policing
 **Metropolitan Police Act of 1829 –
modernize the police system of England;
creation of Scotland Yard
Finest police force around the world.
Robert Peel “Father of Modern Policing
System”
“TOTAL POLICING” - motto of London
Metropolitan Police

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Modern Period of Policing
IMPORTANT DATES
1833 Coldbath Fields Riot (Grays Inn Road).

A major crowd disturbance dealt with by the

Metropolitan Police with controversial use of
force.
1836 The Metropolitan Police absorb the

Bow Street Horse Patrol into its control.

1838 Incorporates Marine Police and Bow

Street Runners into the Metropolitan Police

and the disbandment of the Bow Street
Office and other Offices.

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 In France
 16th Century - Paris had two patrols: Citizen Night Guard;
and the Royal Guard for the king’s protection. The Guard
motto that even today is on the French police emblem
“Vigilat ut Quiescant” - “He watches that they may sleep”
They were also called GENDARMIE – slang for police officers
 1791 - The position of “Officers de Paix” was formed
(origin of “Peace Officer”)
 The first French Police Officers - Sergent de Ville’ - servant
of the city
In Italy and Spain
 Italian – Carabinieri
 Spanish – Guardia Civil

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 In the United States

Boston, 1636 – formed the first “Night

Watch” – they were called “Leathermen”

 Philadelphia, 1833 – instituted the first

daytime, paid police service.

 New York, 1844 – organized the first

modern American police force based on the
English Metropolitan police.

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 In the United States
August Volmer- Father of American Policing
 Chief of Police in 1909.
He created a police force that became the
model for the rest of the world.

Edgar Hoover- 1942, he became the director o

Bureau of Investigation of Department of
JusticeIn 1935, the bureau was rename and
organized as FBI and he became the first
director.

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 Pre-Spanish – policing is tribal in nature
 1712 – Carabineros de Seguridad
Publico – the mounted police
 1836 – Guardrilleros – rural police
 1842 – Cuerco De Seguridad Publica

( Corps of Crabbiness for Public Security).

 1852 – Guardia Civil – town police

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 1901 - Organic Act # 175 Insular Constabulary

 Sec.1, Act 255 of October 3, 1901- Renamed

the Insular Constabulary to Philippine
Constabulary

 Phil.Constabulary under Capt. Henry T. Allen –

first Chief PC

 1917 – PC Filipinization –
Brig. Gen. Rafael Crame – First Filipino Chief of PC

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 1935 – PC Personnel were absorbed by the
Philippine Army (E.O. 389)
 1936 – Commonwealth Act #88 created the
State Police
 1938 – Commonwealth Act #343 –
reconstituted the Philippine Constabulary – PC
became an independent National Police Force
 1939 - The Manila Police Department
introduced the bicycle patrol.

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 Japanese Occupation
 1941 - The Japanese Military Police (Kempetai)

took over MPD.

Liberation Period
 1945 - The MPD was reconstituted and placed

under American control. Col. Marcus Ellis Jones

became the Chief of Police of the MPD.

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 Aug. 1966 – RA 4864 – Police Act of 1966 –
Creation of the Police Commission - POLCOM
 E.O. 1012 -Transferred to the city and

municipal government the operational

supervision and direction over the INP units
assigned within their locality.
 1975 – PD 765 – integration of the national

police - the PC/INP became the nucleus of a

united police force in the country.
 E.O. 1040 -Transferred the Admin. Control

and Supervision of the INP from the ministry of

National Defense to the National Police
Commission
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 1990 – R.A. 6975 – Creation of the Philippine National
Police (PNP) that is civilian in character and national in
scope (Constitution).
 1998 – RA 8551,PNP Reform & Reorganization Act
dubbed as the “PNP Professionalization”.

2009 – RA 9708 -An Act Extending for five (5) years the
Reglementary Period for Complying with the Minimum
Educational Qualification for Appointment to the Philippine
National Police (PNP) and Adjusting the Promotion System
there of
Most Recent

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 BOARD QUESTIONS

1. The law that provides the National Police

Commission to conduct Police examination is
A.R.A 6048 B. R.A 6040
C. R.A 4864 D. R.A 6141
2. Who is the highest police official in a
municipal or city police station?
A. Mayor B. Sr. Inspector
C. Chief of Police D. Chief

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 PART TWO

CONCEPTS ON POLICE ORGANIZATION,

MANAGEMENT & ADMINISTRATION

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Organization – group – formal or informal
** Formal – structured
** Informal – non structured

Administration – process of POSDCRB

Management – resources (5Ms)

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 Police Organization

A group of trained personnel in the field of

public safety administration engaged in the
achievement of goals and objectives that
promotes the maintenance of peace and
order, protection of life and property,
enforcement of the laws and the prevention of
crimes.

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Line Type Organization
(military type; simplest type)

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(specialized; functional managers)

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combination of line & functional

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1. Principle of Unity of Objectives - enables
the individuals to contribute to the
organization’s objectives.
2. Principle of Organizational Efficiency –
such a way to aid the accomplishment of the
organization’s objectives with a minimum cost.
3. Scalar Principle –from top to bottom
describing explicitly the flow of authority. The
scalar principles are:

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 a.Line of Authority and Chain of Command –
Bottom to top
 b. The Span of Control – number of
personnel that a supervisor can direct and
control.
 c. The Delegation of authority -It implies
that delegation must carry with it appropriate
responsibility.
 d. The Unity of Command - explains that
subordinates should only be under the control
of one superior.

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 4. Functional Principle – refers to division of
work according to type, place, time and
specialization.
 5. Line and Staff – implies that a system of
varied functions arrange into a workable
pattern.
 6. Principle of Balance – states that the
application of principles must be balanced to
ensure the effectiveness of the structure in
meeting organization’s objectives.

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 7. Principle of Delegation by Results – states that
authority delegated should be adequate to
ensure the ability to accomplish expected results.
 8. Principles of Absoluteness of Responsibility
– explains that the responsibility of the
subordinates to their superior for performance is
absolute and the superior cannot escape
responsibility for the organization on activities
performed by their subordinates.
  
  

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 9. Principle of Parity and Responsibility –
explains that responsibility for action cannot
be greater than that implied by the authority
delegated nor should it be less.
 10. Authority Level Principle – implies that
decisions within the authority of the
individual commander  
 11. Principle of Flexibility – means that the
more flexible the organization, the more it
can fulfill its purpose.

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Police Management
Pertains to the utilization of available
resources in an organization. (5Ms)

Police administration
Refers to the processes used in the
organiztion(POSDCRB/POSDC)

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Planning - setting performance objectives
Organizing - dividing the work to be done
Staffing - filling the org with the right people/position
Directing - making decisions
Coordinating – interrelating various parts of work
Reporting – keeping executives informed
Budgeting – fiscal planning, accounting, and control

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Unity of Command –command should come from one
superior only .
Span of Control - maximum number of subordinates at a
given position .
Delegation of Authority - conferring of an amount of
authority by a superior position to a subordinate.
Hierarchy of Authority - formal relationship
among supers and subordinates in any organization.

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 CHAIN OF COMMAND -the arrangement of
officers from top to bottom on the basis of rank
or position and authority.
 COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY- dictates that

immediate commanders shall be responsible for

the effective supervision and control of their
personnel and unit .
 Specialization - grouping of activities and

segregation of line, staff, and auxiliary functions.



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 Functional Units
  Bureau – the largest organic functional unit

within a large department. It comprises of

numbers of divisions.
 Division – a primary subdivision of a bureau.
 Section – functional unit within a division that is

necessary for specialization.

 Unit – functional group within a section; or the

smallest functional group with in an organization.

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 Territorial Units
 
 Post – a fixed point or location to which an
officer is assigned for duty, such as a
designated desk or office or an intersection
or cross walk from traffic duty. It is a spot
location for general guard duty.
 Route – a length of streets designated for

patrol purposes. It is also called LINE

BEAT.
 Beat – An area assigned for patrol

purposes, whether foot or motorized.

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 Sector – An area containing two or more
beats, routes, or posts.
 District – a geographical subdivision of a

city for patrol purposes, usually with its

own station.
 Area – a section or territorial division of a

large city each comprised of designated

districts.

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 Sworn Officers – all personnel of the police department
who have oath and who posses the power to arrest.
 Superior Officer - one having supervisory
responsibilities, either temporarily or permanently, over
officers of lower rank.
 Commanding Officer - an officer who is in command of
the department, a bureau, a division, an area, or a
district.
 Ranking Officer - the officer who has the more senior
rank/higher rank in a team or group.
 Length of Service - the period of time that has elapsed
since the oath of office was administered.
 On Duty - the period when an officer is actively engaged
in the performance of his duty.

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 Leave of Absence - period, which an officer is excused from active
duty by any valid/acceptable reason, approved by higher authority.
 Sick Leave - period which an officer is excused from active duty by
reason of illness or injury.
 Suspension - a consequence of an act which temporarily deprives
an officer from the privilege of performing his duties as result of
violating directives or other department regulations.
 Department Rules - rules established by department
directors/supervisors to control the conduct of the members of the
police force.
 Duty Manual - describes the procedures and defines the duties of
officers assigned to specified post or position.
 Order - an instruction given by a ranking officer to a subordinate,
either a. General Order, b. Special, or c. Personal
 Report - usually a written communication unless otherwise
specifies to be verbal reports; verbal reports should be confirmed
by written communication.

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PNP Staff and Support Units

 The Chief of the Philippine National Police  

 Deputy Chief of Philippine National Police for Administration
 Deputy Chief of Philippine National Police for Operations
 The Chief of Directorial Staff

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Directorial Staff (Functional Staff)
 
1.      Directorate for Personnel - Record Management
2.      Directorate for Intelligence
3.      Directorate for Operations
4.      Directorate for Investigation
5.      Directorate for Logistics
6.      Directorate for Plans
7.      Directorate for Comptrollership
8.      Directorate for Police Community Relations
9.      Directorate for Human Resources and Doctrine Development
10.    Directorate for Research and Development
11. Directorate for Information and Communications Technology Management
12. Directorate for Integrated Police Operations Northern Luzon
13. Directorate for Integrated Police Operations Southern Luzon
14. Directorate for Integrated Police Operations Visayas
15. Directorate for Integrated Police Operations Eastern Mindanao
16. Directorate for Integrated Police Operations Western Mindanao
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Administrative Support Units
 
1. Logistics Support Unit
2.Information Technology Management Service
3. Finance Service
4. Health Service
5. Communications and Electronic Service
6. Chaplain Service
7. Legal Service
8. Headquarters Support Service
9. Engineering Service
10. Training Service
11. Personnel and Retirement Benefit Services

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Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 74
Operational Support Units
1.      Criminal Investigation
2.      Crime Laboratory
3.      Highway Patrol Group (Traffic Management)
4.      Intelligence
5.      Special Action Force
6.      Police Security and Protection Group
7.      Civil Security Force
8.      Maritime
9.      Police Community Relations
10.    Aviation Security
11. PNP Anti-Kidnapping Group ( PNP AKG)
12. PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group (PNP ACG)
13. Drug Enforcement Group (Formerly AIDG)
14. Firearms and Explosives Ordnance
15. Explosives and Ordnance Group
16. Supervisory Office for Security Investigation Agency


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 COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

Director General (DG) General

Deputy Director General (DDG) Lt General
Director (DIR) Maj General
Chief Superintendent (CSUPT) Brig. Gen.
Senior Superintendent (SR SUPT) Colonel
Superintendent (SUPT) Lt Colonel
Chief Inspector (CINSP) Major
Senior Inspector (SR INSP) Captain
Inspector (INSP) Lieutenant

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 NCOs
Senior Police Officer IV (SPO IV) Master Sergeant
Senior Police Officer III (SPO III) Tech. Sergeant
Senior Police Officer II (SPO II) Staff Sergeant
Senior Police Officer I (SPO I) Sergeant
Police Officer III (PO III) Corporal
Police Officer II (PO II) Private 1st
Class
Police Officer I (PO I) Private

Cadets of the Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) are

classified above the Senior Police Officer IV and below the
Inspector rank in the PNP.

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 79

What is Traditional Policing?
The old system or concept of policing
whereby policemen are looked upon as an
authority representing the government it
serve rather than as a servant of the
community. Here, The police organization is
used as protector of “the few” instead of “the
many”.

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 80

The main traditional purpose of the police is to
protect the authority (the government).

Hence, the yardstick of measuring police

efficiency under this kind of policing is the
number of people arrested of crimes and the
number of people jailed.

“The more people arrested and thrown to jail, the more the
police organization is effective and efficient”.

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 81

Comparing the old and new
concepts …
The Political Era
The Reform Era
The Community Era

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 82

The police forces were characterized by:
 Authority coming from politicians and the law
 A broad social service function
 Decentralized organization
 An intimate relationship with the community
 Extensive use of foot patrol

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 83

The police forces were characterized by:
 Authority coming from the law and

professionalism
 Crime control as their primary function
 A centralized and efficient organization
 Emphasis on preventive motorized patrol

and rapid response to crime

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 84

Under this era of policing, police forces are
characterized by:
 Authority coming from community support,

law and professionalism

 Provision of broad range of police services,

including crime control

 Decentralized organization
 An intimate relationship with the community
 Use of problem-solving approach

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 85

Who are the Police?
Traditional Community

A government agency Police are the

for law enforcement public and the
public are the
police

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 86

The Traditionalist The Community Oriented

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 87

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 88
PLANNING is a management function concerned
with:
 visualizing future situations

 making estimates concerning them

 identifying issues

 analyzing and evaluating the alternative ways for

reaching desired goals

 estimating the necessary funds and resources to do

the work
 initiating action to cope with the changing

conditions and contingent events.

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 89

Plan - an organize schedule or sequence by
methodical activities intended to attain goals
and objectives for the accomplishments of
mission or assignment.

It is a method or way of doing something in

order to attain objectives.

Plan provides answer to 5W’s and 1H

questions.

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 90

Police Operational Planning - the act of
determining policies and guidelines for
police activities or operations and providing
controls and safeguards for such activities.

It may also be the process of formulating

coordinated sequence of methodical
activities and the allocation of resources to
the line units of the police organization for
the attainment of the mandated goals and
objectives.

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 91

Objective – is a specific commitment to
achieve a measurable result within a
specific period of time.

Goal – is a general statement of purpose

typically with time horizon. It is an
achievable end state that can be measured
and observed.

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 92

Strategy – is a broad design, method; a plan to
attain a stated goal or objectives.

Tactic – a specific design, method or course of

action to attain a particular objective in consonance
with strategy.

Procedure – a sequence of activities to reach a

point or to attain what is desired.

Policy – a product of prudence or wisdom in the

management of human affairs.

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 93

Guidelines – a rule of action for the rank and
file to show them how they are expected to
obtain the desired effect.

Alternatives - are means by which goals and

objectives can be attained. They maybe
policies,
strategies or actions aimed at eliminating a
problem

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 94

Strategic Planning - is a series of preliminary
decisions on a framework, which in turn
guides subsequent decisions that generate
the nature and direction of an organization.

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 95

TASK 1 - Develop Mission and Objectives
TASK 2 - Diagnose Environmental Threats & Opportunities
TASK 3 - Assess Organizational Strengths & Weaknesses
TASK 4 - Generate Alternative Strategies
TASK 5 - Develop Strategic Plan
TASK 6 - Develop Tactical Plan
TASK 7 - Assess Results of Strategic & Tactical Plan
TASK 8 - Repeat Planning Process

Note: SWOT Analysis

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 96

Broad External Policy Planning
 the responsibility of the legislative branch of the
government.
 the main concern of the police in this broad external policy
planning is assisting the legislature in determining police
guideline through the passage of appropriate laws or
ordinances for the police to enforce.

Internal Policy Planning

 the responsibility of the C/PNP and other chiefs of the
different units or headquarters within their area of
jurisdiction to achieve the objectives or mission of the
police organization.

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 97

Primary Doctrines

FUNDAMENTAL DOCTRINE – Is the basic principle in planning,

organization and management of the PNP in support of the
overall pursuits of the PNP Vision, mission and strategic action
plan of the attainment of the national objectives.

OPERATIONAL DOCTRINE – Are the principles and rules

governing the planning, organization and direction and
employment of the PNP forces in the accomplishment of basic
security operational mission in the maintenance of peace and
order, crime prevention and suppression, internal security and
public safety operation.

FUNCTIONAL DOCTRINE – This provides guidance for

specialized activities of the PNP in the broad field of interest
such as personnel, intelligence, operations, logistics, planning,
etc.

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 98

 Secondary Doctrines

COMPLIMENTARY DOCTRINE – Doctrines

formulated jointly by two or more bureaus in
order to effect a certain operation with regard
to public safety and peace and order. This
essentially involves the participation of the
other bureaus of the BJMP, BFP, PPSC, NBI and
other law enforcement agencies.

ETHICAL DOCTRINE – That defines the

fundamental principles governing the rules of
conduct, attitude, behavior and ethical norm of
the PNP.

September 4, 2022 Wendell B. Malarasta 99

 AUTHORITY – The right to exercise, decide and
command by virtue of rank and position.
 DOCTRINE – It provides for the organizations

objectives. It provides the various actions. It is

where procedures/plans are based.
 COOPERATION/COORDINATION
 DISCIPLINE – It is imposed by command or

self-restraint to insure supportive behavior.

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 10

According to coverage
Local Plan
Regional Plan
National Plan

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 10

According to Time

Strategic or Long Range Plan

-It relates to plans which are strategic or long

range in application, it determine the
organization’s original goals and strategy.

Examples
Police Action Plan on the Strategy DREAMS
P-O-L-I-C-E 2000

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 10

 Intermediate or Medium Range Planning
It relates to plans, which determine quantity and quality
efforts and accomplishments. It refers to the process of
determining the contribution on efforts that can make
or provide with allocated resources.

Examples
 Master Plan Sandigan-Milenyo (Anti-Crime Master Plan)
 Master Plan Sandugo (Internal Security Operations)
 Master Plan Banat (Anti-Illegal Drugs Master Plan)
 Master Plan Sang-ingat (Security Operations Master
Plan)
 Master Plan Saklolo (Disaster Management Master Plan)
 Sangyaman (Protection and Preservation of
Environment, Cultural Properties, and Natural
Resources Master Plan)

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 10

Operational or Short Range Planning

-It refers to the production of plans, which

determine the schedule of special activity and
are applicable from one week or less than year
duration. Plan that addresses immediate need
which are specific and how it can be
accomplished on time with available allocated
resources.
Example
OPLAN BANAT/OPLAN TOKHANG

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 10

 Reactive Plans are developed as a result of
crisis. A particular problem may occur for
which the department has no plan and must
quickly develop one, sometimes without
careful preparation.
 Proactive Plans are developed in anticipation of
problems. Although not all police problems
are predictable, many are, and it is possible
for a police department to prepare a response
in advance.

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 10

Visionary Plans - statement of values to be
used to guide the decision making process.

Operational Plans are designed to meet the

specific tasks required to implement strategic
plan.

Standing Plans provide the basic framework for

responding to organizational problems.

Functional Plans - include the framework for the

operation of the major functional units in the
organization, such as patrol and investigations.

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 10

Operational-efficiency, effectiveness, and
productivity plans are essentially the
measures or comparisons to be used to
assess police activities and behavior
(outputs) and results (outcomes).
Time-specific Plans are concerned with a
specific purpose and conclude when an
objective is accomplished or a problem is
solved.
Procedural Plan – guides routine and field
Operations (Ex. Field Procedures/HQ
Procedures)

September 4, 2022
Wendell B. Malarasta 10
Tactical Plans – these are the procedures for
coping with specific situations at known
locations such as plans for dealing with an
attack against buildings, attack against the
PNP headquarters by lawless elements. Plans
shall be likewise be made for blockade and
jail emergencies and for special community
events, such as longer public meetings,
athletic contests, parades, religious activities,
carnivals, strikes, demonstrations, and other
street affairs.

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 10

Operational Plans – These are plans for the
operations of special divisions like the
patrol, detective, traffic, fire and juvenile
control divisions.

Extra-office Plans – Plans made to organize

the community to assist in the
accomplishment of objectives in the fields
of traffic control, organized crime, and
juvenile delinquency prevention.

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 10

FIELD OPERATIONS - are operations in the
field directed by the police commander and
the subordinate commanders aimed at the
accomplishment of the primary tasks of –

TRAFFIC – PATROL- INVESTIGATION

(Plus Vice Control and Juvenile Control)

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 11

 HEADQUARTERS PROCEDURES
 Include the procedures to be followed in the

headquarters, usually reflected in the duty

manual.
 Duty Manual -describes the procedures and

defines the duties of officers assigned to

specified post or position.

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 11

1
 SOP #01 – POLICE BEAT PATROL PROCEDURES –
SOP #02 – BANTAY KALYE
 SOP #03 – SIYASAT – conduct of inspections to
ensure police visibility.
 SOP #4 – REACT 166 - prescribes the procedures in
detail of Duty Officers, Telephone Operators and
Radio Operators.
 SOP #5 – LIGTAS (ANTI-KIDNAPPING)
 SOP #6 – ANTI-CARNAPPING
 SOP #7 – ANTI-TERRORISM
 SOP #8 – JOINT ANTI-BANK ROBBERY ACTION
COMMITTEE (ANTI-BANK ROBBERY)
 SOP #9 – ANTI-HIJACKING/HIGHWAY ROBBERY

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 11

 SOP #10 – PAGLALANSAG/PAGAAYOS-HOPE
 SOP # 11 – MANHUNT BRAVO (NEUTRALIZATION OF
WANTED PERSONS)
 SOP #12 – ANTI-ILLEGAL GAMBLING
 SOP #13 – ANTI-SQUATTING
 SOP #14 – JERICHO - quick reaction group
 SOP #15 – NENA (ANTI-PROSTITUTION/VAGRANCY)
 SOP #16 – ANTI-PORNOGRAPHY
 SOP #17 – GUIDELINES IN THE CONDUCT OF
ARREST, SEARCH, AND SEIZURE
 SOP #18 – SANDIGAN MASTER PLAN
 SOP #19 – ANTI-ILLEGAL LOGGING
 SOP #20 – ANTI-ILLEGAL FISHING

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 11

 Oplan Jumbo – Aviation Security Group Strategic Plan against
terrorist attacks

 Oplan Salikop – CIDG Strategic Plan against Organized Crime

Groups (OCG)

 OPLAN BANTAY DALAMPASIGAN that sets forth the

operational guidelines on the heightened security measures
and sea borne security patrols. 

 NAPOLCOM MC No. 95-03 – “Institutionalization of the

Doctrine of Command Responsibility at all levels of
Command in the PNP

 EO No. 226 - “Institutionalization of the Doctrine of

Command Responsibility in
all Government offices

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 11

 POLICE 2000
 P-REVENTION and suppression of crime through COPS
 O-RDER, maintenance, peacekeeping and internal
security
 L-AW enforcement without fear or favor
 I-MAGE, credibility and commonly support
 C-OORDINATION with other government agencies and
non-government agencies organizations and
international securities
 E-FFICIENCY and effectiveness in the development and
management of human and material resources

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 11

 DREAMS

 D-ISPERSAL of policeman from the headquarters to the street

and enhancement of crime prevention program
 R-ESTORATION of trust and confidence of the people on their
police and gain community support
 E-LIMINATION of street and neighborhood crimes and
improvement of public safety
 A-RREST of all criminal elements common or organized in
coordination with the pillars of the CJS and other law
enforcement agencies
 M-APPING up and removal of scalawags from the pole of ranks
 S-TRENGTHENING the management and capability of the PNP to
undertake/support the dreams operations and activities

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 11

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 11
7
THANK YOU

Wendell B. Malarasta September 4, 2022 11

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