(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
Romans 2:28 A man is not a Jew because he is one outwardly, nor is circumcision only outward and physical.
Romans 2:28
New International Version
A person is not a Jew who is one only outwardly, nor is circumcision merely outward and physical.

New Living Translation
For you are not a true Jew just because you were born of Jewish parents or because you have gone through the ceremony of circumcision.

English Standard Version
For no one is a Jew who is merely one outwardly, nor is circumcision outward and physical.

Berean Standard Bible
A man is not a Jew because he is one outwardly, nor is circumcision only outward and physical.

Berean Literal Bible
For the one on the outside a Jew is not, neither that on the outside in flesh is circumcision.

King James Bible
For he is not a Jew, which is one outwardly; neither is that circumcision, which is outward in the flesh:

New King James Version
For he is not a Jew who is one outwardly, nor is circumcision that which is outward in the flesh;

New American Standard Bible
For he is not a Jew who is one outwardly, nor is circumcision that which is outward in the flesh.

NASB 1995
For he is not a Jew who is one outwardly, nor is circumcision that which is outward in the flesh.

NASB 1977
For he is not a Jew who is one outwardly; neither is circumcision that which is outward in the flesh.

Legacy Standard Bible
For he is not a Jew who is one outwardly, nor is circumcision that which is outward in the flesh.

Amplified Bible
For he is not a [real] Jew who is only one outwardly, nor is [true] circumcision something external and physical.

Christian Standard Bible
For a person is not a Jew who is one outwardly, and true circumcision is not something visible in the flesh.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
For a person is not a Jew who is one outwardly, and true circumcision is not something visible in the flesh.

American Standard Version
For he is not a Jew who is one outwardly; neither is that circumcision which is outward in the flesh:

Contemporary English Version
Just because you live like a Jew and are circumcised doesn't make you a real Jew.

English Revised Version
For he is not a Jew, which is one outwardly; neither is that circumcision, which is outward in the flesh:

GOD'S WORD® Translation
A person is not a Jew because of his appearance, nor is circumcision a matter of how the body looks.

Good News Translation
After all, who is a real Jew, truly circumcised? It is not the man who is a Jew on the outside, whose circumcision is a physical thing.

International Standard Version
For a person is not a Jew because of his appearance, nor is circumcision something just external and physical.

Majority Standard Bible
A man is not a Jew because he is one outwardly, nor is circumcision only outward and physical.

NET Bible
For a person is not a Jew who is one outwardly, nor is circumcision something that is outward in the flesh,

New Heart English Bible
For he is not a Jew who is one outwardly, neither is that circumcision which is outward in the flesh;

Webster's Bible Translation
For he is not a Jew, who is one outwardly; neither is that circumcision, which is outward in the flesh:

Weymouth New Testament
For the true Jew is not the man who is simply a Jew outwardly, and true circumcision is not that which is outward and bodily.

World English Bible
For he is not a Jew who is one outwardly, neither is that circumcision which is outward in the flesh;
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
For he is not a Jew who is [so] outwardly, neither [is] circumcision that which is outward in flesh;

Berean Literal Bible
For the one on the outside a Jew is not, neither that on the outside in flesh is circumcision.

Young's Literal Translation
For he is not a Jew who is so outwardly, neither is circumcision that which is outward in flesh;

Smith's Literal Translation
For he in appearance, is not a Jew; neither circumcision, in appearance in the flesh:
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
For it is not he is a Jew, who is so outwardly; nor is that circumcision which is outwardly in the flesh:

Catholic Public Domain Version
For a Jew is not he who seems so outwardly. Neither is circumcision that which seems so outwardly, in the flesh.

New American Bible
One is not a Jew outwardly. True circumcision is not outward, in the flesh.

New Revised Standard Version
For a person is not a Jew who is one outwardly, nor is true circumcision something external and physical.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
For it is not the one who is outwardly a Jew, who is the real Jew; neither is circumcision that which is seen in the flesh.

Aramaic Bible in Plain English
For he is not a Jew who is one outwardly, neither is that which is seen in the flesh circumcision.
NT Translations
Anderson New Testament
For he is not a Jew who is one outwardly, nor is that circumcision which is outward in the flesh:

Godbey New Testament
For he is not a Jew who is one outwardly; neither is circumcision that which is outwardly in the flesh.

Haweis New Testament
For not he who is outwardly such, is the Jew; neither is that which is outward in the flesh, circumcision.

Mace New Testament
for it is not the Jew in outward appearance, neither is it the external mark of circumcision:

Weymouth New Testament
For the true Jew is not the man who is simply a Jew outwardly, and true circumcision is not that which is outward and bodily.

Worrell New Testament
For he is not a Jew, who is one outwardly; nor is that circumcision, which is outward in flesh;

Worsley New Testament
nor is that circumcision, which is only in appearance, in the flesh;

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Jews and the Law
27The one who is physically uncircumcised yet keeps the law will condemn you who, even though you have the written code and circumcision, are a lawbreaker. 28 A man is not a Jew because he is one outwardly, nor is circumcision only outward and physical. 29No, a man is a Jew because he is one inwardly, and circumcision is a matter of the heart, by the Spirit, not by the written code. Such a man’s praise does not come from men, but from God.…

Cross References
Galatians 6:15
For neither circumcision nor uncircumcision means anything. What counts is a new creation.

Philippians 3:3
For it is we who are the circumcision, we who worship by the Spirit of God, who glory in Christ Jesus, and who put no confidence in the flesh—

Colossians 2:11
In Him you were also circumcised, in the putting off of your sinful nature, with the circumcision performed by Christ and not by human hands.

Galatians 5:6
For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision has any value. What matters is faith expressing itself through love.

John 1:47
When Jesus saw Nathanael approaching, He said of him, “Here is a true Israelite, in whom there is no deceit.”

1 Corinthians 7:19
Circumcision is nothing and uncircumcision is nothing. Keeping God’s commandments is what counts.

2 Corinthians 5:17
Therefore if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation. The old has passed away. Behold, the new has come!

Ephesians 2:11-13
Therefore remember that formerly you who are Gentiles in the flesh and called uncircumcised by the so-called circumcision (that done in the body by human hands)— / remember that at that time you were separate from Christ, alienated from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers to the covenants of the promise, without hope and without God in the world. / But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far away have been brought near through the blood of Christ.

Galatians 3:28-29
There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. / And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s seed and heirs according to the promise.

Jeremiah 4:4
Circumcise yourselves to the LORD, and remove the foreskins of your hearts, O men of Judah and people of Jerusalem. Otherwise, My wrath will break out like fire and burn with no one to extinguish it, because of your evil deeds.”

Deuteronomy 10:16
Circumcise your hearts, therefore, and stiffen your necks no more.

Jeremiah 9:25-26
“Behold, the days are coming,” declares the LORD, “when I will punish all who are circumcised only in the flesh— / Egypt, Judah, Edom, Ammon, Moab, and all the inhabitants of the desert who clip the hair of their temples. For all these nations are uncircumcised, and the whole house of Israel is uncircumcised in heart.”

Ezekiel 44:9
This is what the Lord GOD says: No foreigner uncircumcised in heart and flesh may enter My sanctuary—not even a foreigner who lives among the Israelites.

Genesis 17:10-14
This is My covenant with you and your descendants after you, which you are to keep: Every male among you must be circumcised. / You are to circumcise the flesh of your foreskin, and this will be a sign of the covenant between Me and you. / Generation after generation, every male must be circumcised when he is eight days old, including those born in your household and those purchased from a foreigner—even those who are not your offspring. ...

Leviticus 26:41
and I acted with hostility toward them and brought them into the land of their enemies—and if their uncircumcised hearts will be humbled and they will make amends for their iniquity,


Treasury of Scripture

For he is not a Jew, which is one outwardly; neither is that circumcision, which is outward in the flesh:

For he.

Romans 9:6-8
Not as though the word of God hath taken none effect. For they are not all Israel, which are of Israel: …

Psalm 73:1
A Psalm of Asaph. Truly God is good to Israel, even to such as are of a clean heart.

Isaiah 1:9-15
Except the LORD of hosts had left unto us a very small remnant, we should have been as Sodom, and we should have been like unto Gomorrah…

neither.

Jeremiah 9:26
Egypt, and Judah, and Edom, and the children of Ammon, and Moab, and all that are in the utmost corners, that dwell in the wilderness: for all these nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in the heart.

Romans 4:10-12
How was it then reckoned? when he was in circumcision, or in uncircumcision? Not in circumcision, but in uncircumcision…

1 Peter 3:21
The like figure whereunto even baptism doth also now save us (not the putting away of the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good conscience toward God,) by the resurrection of Jesus Christ:

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Romans 2
1. No excuse for sin.
6. No escape from judgment.
14. Gentiles cannot;
17. nor Jews.














A man is not a Jew
This phrase challenges the traditional understanding of Jewish identity, which was often based on lineage and external observance of the law. The Greek word for "Jew" here is "Ἰουδαῖος" (Ioudaios), which historically referred to someone from the tribe of Judah or the region of Judea. Paul is emphasizing that true Jewish identity is not merely a matter of ethnic or cultural heritage but involves a deeper, spiritual reality.

because he is one outwardly
The term "outwardly" translates from the Greek "φανερός" (phaneros), meaning visible or apparent. Paul is addressing the superficial aspects of religious identity, suggesting that external appearances or rituals do not define one's true relationship with God. This reflects a broader biblical theme that God looks at the heart rather than outward appearances (1 Samuel 16:7).

nor is circumcision
Circumcision was a physical sign of the covenant between God and Abraham's descendants, as described in Genesis 17. The Greek word "περιτομή" (peritomē) refers to this physical act. However, Paul is pointing to a deeper, spiritual significance, indicating that the physical act alone is insufficient for true covenantal relationship with God.

only outward and physical
The phrase "outward and physical" underscores the limitations of external religious rites. The Greek "ἐνにゅー σαρκί" (en sarki) means "in the flesh," highlighting the physical nature of circumcision. Paul is arguing that true circumcision is a matter of the heart, a theme he expands upon in the following verse (Romans 2:29). This reflects the prophetic tradition found in the Hebrew Scriptures, where God desires a heart transformed by His Spirit (Deuteronomy 10:16, Jeremiah 4:4).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Greek
A [man]
(ho)
Article - Nominative Masculine Singular
Strong's 3588: The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

is
σしぐまτたうιいおたνにゅー (estin)
Verb - Present Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular
Strong's 1510: I am, exist. The first person singular present indicative; a prolonged form of a primary and defective verb; I exist.

not
Οおみくろん (Ou)
Adverb
Strong's 3756: No, not. Also ouk, and ouch a primary word; the absolute negative adverb; no or not.

a Jew
Ἰουδαῖός (Ioudaios)
Adjective - Nominative Masculine Singular
Strong's 2453: Jewish. From Iouda; Judaean, i.e. Belonging to Jehudah.

[ because he is one ]
νにゅー (en)
Preposition
Strong's 1722: In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; 'in, ' at, on, by, etc.

outwardly,
φανερῷ (phanerō)
Adjective - Dative Neuter Singular
Strong's 5318: Apparent, clear, visible, manifest; adv: clearly. From phaino; shining, i.e. Apparent; neuter publicly, externally.

nor
οおみくろんδでるた (oude)
Conjunction
Strong's 3761: Neither, nor, not even, and not. From ou and de; not however, i.e. Neither, nor, not even.

[is] circumcision
περιτομή (peritomē)
Noun - Nominative Feminine Singular
Strong's 4061: Circumcision. From peritemno; circumcision.

[ only ] outward
φανερῷ (phanerō)
Adjective - Dative Neuter Singular
Strong's 5318: Apparent, clear, visible, manifest; adv: clearly. From phaino; shining, i.e. Apparent; neuter publicly, externally.

[and]
νにゅー (en)
Preposition
Strong's 1722: In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; 'in, ' at, on, by, etc.

physical.
σしぐまαあるふぁρろーκかっぱ (sarki)
Noun - Dative Feminine Singular
Strong's 4561: Flesh, body, human nature, materiality; kindred.


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NT Letters: Romans 2:28 For he is not a Jew who (Rom. Ro)
Romans 2:27
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