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Regulation of mTOR by amino acids and resistance exercise in skeletal muscle.

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Deldicque, Louise [UCL] Theisen, Daniel [UCL] Francaux, Marc [UCL]

Resistance exercise disturbs skeletal muscle homeostasis leading to activation of catabolic and anabolic processes within the muscle cell. A current challenge of exercise biology is to describe the molecular mechanisms of regulation by which contractile activity stimulates net protein breakdown during exercise and net protein synthesis during recovery. Muscle growth is optimized by combining exercise and appropriate nutritional strategies, such as amino acid (AA) and carbohydrate ingestion. The effects are integrated at the level of one central regulatory protein, mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). mTOR is a complex protein integrating signals of the energetic status of the cell and environmental stimuli to control protein synthesis, protein breakdown and therefore cell growth. mTOR is known to be activated by insulin, and the mechanisms involved are well documented. The ways by which exercise and AA lead to mTOR activation remain partially unclear. Exercise and AA use different signalling pathways upstream of mTOR. Exercise seems to recruit partially the same pathway as insulin, whereas AA could act more directly on mTOR. During resistance exercise, the activity of mTOR could be acutely blunted by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), thus inhibiting protein synthesis and enhancing AA availability for energy metabolism. During recovery, the inhibition of mTOR by AMPK is suppressed, and its activation is maximized by the presence of AA. There appears to be a requirement for a minimal concentration of plasma insulin to stimulate muscle protein synthesis in response to resistance exercise and AA ingestion.

Document type Article de périodique (Journal article) – Journal Article, Review
Access type Accès restreint
Publication date 2005
Journal information "European journal of applied physiology" - Vol. 94, no. 1-2, p. 1-10 (2005)
Peer reviewed yes
issn 1439-6319
Publication status Publié
Affiliation UCL - MD/IEPR - Institut d'éducation physique et de réadaptation
MESH Subject Adaptation, Physiological - drug effects - physiology ; Administration, Oral ; Amino Acids - administration & dosage - metabolism ; Animals ; Dietary Supplements ; Exercise - physiology ; Exertion - physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects - physiology ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Muscle Contraction - physiology ; Muscle Proteins - metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology ; Protein Biosynthesis - physiology ; Protein Kinases - metabolism
Links
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Bibliographic reference Deldicque, Louise ; Theisen, Daniel ; Francaux, Marc. Regulation of mTOR by amino acids and resistance exercise in skeletal muscle.. In: European journal of applied physiology, Vol. 94, no. 1-2, p. 1-10 (2005)
Permanent URL http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/10101