Genetic information is highly personal and unique. The potential for its misuse threatens to penetrate many aspects of life, including employment, insurance, law enforcement, finance, and education. "Social policy needs to keep up with Human Genome Project discoveries," said U.S. Rep. Louise Slaughter (D-NY), participant in the 1996 Cape Cod working conversation on genetics and cosponsor of H.R. 2748, a bill that would outlaw health-care discrimination based on genetic information.
"Everyone is vulnerable. We are drafting laws to make sure people will not be left behind," she said. Slaughter believes an individual's right to privacy and control will be recognized as a new civil right.
Privacy Law
Dan Freeman (Committee on the Judiciary staff, U.S. House of Representatives) summarized recent congressional activity to protect genetic information. Several bills calling for uniform national standards have been introduced in Congress; H. R. 3103, the Health Care Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, was signed into law in August. It prohibits the use of genetic information in certain health-insurance eligibility decisions and requires the Department of Health and Human Services to establish standards in preparation for enforcing the health information privacy provisions.
"We have the opportunity to protect human rights before technology overwhelms us," Freeman said, "and we may be a bit ahead of the curve. The challenge is to minimize the harms."
Employment Protection
Last year the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
issued guidelines regarding genetic discrimination under the
Americans with Disabilities Act [
Patenting Issues: Biotech Controls
What role should the federal government have in biotechnology issues? Tom Mooney (Committee on the Judiciary staff, U.S. House of Representatives) discussed controversies over patenting genes and products of genetic recombinant technology such as animals harboring foreign genes. "The science is intermingled with politics, business, and the nation's economy," he said, noting over $9.3 billion in annual sales by 1300 U.S. biotechnology companies. Mooney also acknowledged public concern over unique ethical, religious, and safety issues related to biotechnology.