Alan Ferguson Rodger, Baron Rodger of Earlsferry1
M, #191771, b. 18 September 1944
Last Edited=10 Jul 2016
Alan Ferguson Rodger, Baron Rodger of Earlsferry was born on 18 September 1944.2 He is the son of Thomas Ferguson Rodger and Jean Margaret Smith Chalmers.2
He was educated at Kelvinside Academy, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, ScotlandG.2 He graduated from Glasgow University, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland, with a Master of Arts (M.A.)2 He graduated from Glasgow University, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland, with a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.)2 He graduated from New College, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England, with a Master of Arts (M.A.)2 He was a research fellow between 1969 and 1970 at Balliol College, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England.2 He graduated from New College, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England, with a Doctor of Civil Law (D.C.L.)2 He graduated from New College, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England, with a Doctor of Philosophy (D.Phil.)2 He was admitted to advocate in 1974.2 He was stanting junior counsel, Scorland Department of Trade adn Industry in 1979.2 He was appointed Queen's Counsel (Q.C.) in 1985.1 He held the office of Advocate Depute between 1985 and 1988.2 He held the office of Home Advocate Depute between 1986 and 1988.2 He held the office of Solicitor-General [Scotland] between 1989 and 1992.2 He was appointed Fellow, British Academy (F.B.A.) in 1991.1 He was appointed Privy Counsellor (P.C.) in 1992.2 He was appointed Fellow, Royal Society, Edinburgh (F.R.S.E.) in 1992.2 He held the office of Lord Advocate [Scotland] between 1992 and 1996.2 He was created Baron Rodger of Earlsferry, of Earlsferry in the District of North East Fife [U.K. Life Peer] on 29 April 1992.1 He held the office of Lord President of teh Court of Session in 1996.2 He held the office of Lord Justice-General in 1996.2
He was educated at Kelvinside Academy, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, ScotlandG.2 He graduated from Glasgow University, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland, with a Master of Arts (M.A.)2 He graduated from Glasgow University, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Scotland, with a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.)2 He graduated from New College, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England, with a Master of Arts (M.A.)2 He was a research fellow between 1969 and 1970 at Balliol College, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England.2 He graduated from New College, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England, with a Doctor of Civil Law (D.C.L.)2 He graduated from New College, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England, with a Doctor of Philosophy (D.Phil.)2 He was admitted to advocate in 1974.2 He was stanting junior counsel, Scorland Department of Trade adn Industry in 1979.2 He was appointed Queen's Counsel (Q.C.) in 1985.1 He held the office of Advocate Depute between 1985 and 1988.2 He held the office of Home Advocate Depute between 1986 and 1988.2 He held the office of Solicitor-General [Scotland] between 1989 and 1992.2 He was appointed Fellow, British Academy (F.B.A.) in 1991.1 He was appointed Privy Counsellor (P.C.) in 1992.2 He was appointed Fellow, Royal Society, Edinburgh (F.R.S.E.) in 1992.2 He held the office of Lord Advocate [Scotland] between 1992 and 1996.2 He was created Baron Rodger of Earlsferry, of Earlsferry in the District of North East Fife [U.K. Life Peer] on 29 April 1992.1 He held the office of Lord President of teh Court of Session in 1996.2 He held the office of Lord Justice-General in 1996.2
Citations
- [S134] Heraldic Media Ltd., online http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/, Patrick Cracoft-Brennan (Cracroft Peerage Database v5.2), downloaded 1 November 2006.
- [S37] BP2003 volume 3, page 3378. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S37]
William Thomas Rodgers, Baron Rodgers of Quarry Bank1
M, #191772, b. 28 October 1928
Last Edited=10 Jul 2016
William Thomas Rodgers, Baron Rodgers of Quarry Bank was born on 28 October 1928.2 He is the son of William Arthur Rodgers and Gertrude Helen (?)2 He married Silvia Szulman, daughter of Hirsch Szulman, in 1955.2
He was educated at Quarry Bank High School, Liverpool, Lancashire, EnglandG.2 He was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England.2 He was general secretary of the Fabian Society between 1953 and 1960.2 He held the office of Member of Parliament (M.P.) (Labour) for Stock-on-Tees between 1962 and 1974.2 He held the office of Parliamentary Under-Secretary, DEA between 1964 and 1967.2 He wrote the book The People Into Parliament, published 1966.2 He held the office of Minister of State, Board of Trade between 1968 and 1969.2 He held the office of Minister of State, Treasury between 1969 and 1970.2 He held the office of Minister of State, Ministry of Defence between 1974 and 1976.2 He held the office of Member of Parliament (M.P.) for Stockton Teeside between 1974 and 1983.2 He was appointed Privy Counsellor (P.C.) in 1975.2 He held the office of Secretary of State, Transport between 1976 and 1979.2 He wrote the book The Politics of Change, published 1982.2 He was Vice-President of the Social Democrat Party between 1982 and 1987.2 He was Director-General of RIBA between 1987 and 1994.2 He was created Baron Rodgers of Quarry Bank, of Kentish Town in the London Borough of Camden [U.K. Life Peer] on 12 February 1992.1 He wrote the book Fourth Among Equals, published 2000.2
He was educated at Quarry Bank High School, Liverpool, Lancashire, EnglandG.2 He was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England.2 He was general secretary of the Fabian Society between 1953 and 1960.2 He held the office of Member of Parliament (M.P.) (Labour) for Stock-on-Tees between 1962 and 1974.2 He held the office of Parliamentary Under-Secretary, DEA between 1964 and 1967.2 He wrote the book The People Into Parliament, published 1966.2 He held the office of Minister of State, Board of Trade between 1968 and 1969.2 He held the office of Minister of State, Treasury between 1969 and 1970.2 He held the office of Minister of State, Ministry of Defence between 1974 and 1976.2 He held the office of Member of Parliament (M.P.) for Stockton Teeside between 1974 and 1983.2 He was appointed Privy Counsellor (P.C.) in 1975.2 He held the office of Secretary of State, Transport between 1976 and 1979.2 He wrote the book The Politics of Change, published 1982.2 He was Vice-President of the Social Democrat Party between 1982 and 1987.2 He was Director-General of RIBA between 1987 and 1994.2 He was created Baron Rodgers of Quarry Bank, of Kentish Town in the London Borough of Camden [U.K. Life Peer] on 12 February 1992.1 He wrote the book Fourth Among Equals, published 2000.2
Citations
- [S134] Heraldic Media Ltd., online http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/, Patrick Cracoft-Brennan (Cracroft Peerage Database v5.2), downloaded 1 November 2006.
- [S37] BP2003 volume 3, page 3379. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S37]
Dennis Robert David Rogan, Baron Rogan1
M, #191773, b. 30 June 1932
Last Edited=17 Jul 2016
Dennis Robert David Rogan, Baron Rogan was born on 30 June 1932.2 He is the son of Robert Henderson Rogan and Florence Arbuthnott.2 He married Lorna Elizabeth Colgan in 1968.2
He was educated at Wallace High School, Lisburn, County Antrim, Ireland.2 He was educated at Belfast Institute of Technology, Belfast, County Antrim, Ireland.2 He was with Moygashel Ltd between 1960 and 1969.2 He was sales and marketing with William Ewart & Company between 1969 and 1972.2 He was with Lamont Holdings plc between 1972 and 1978.2 He was managing director of Dennis Rogan Associates in 1978.2 He was created Baron Rogan, of Lower Iveagh in the County of Down [U.K. Life Peer] on 16 July 1999.1
He was educated at Wallace High School, Lisburn, County Antrim, Ireland.2 He was educated at Belfast Institute of Technology, Belfast, County Antrim, Ireland.2 He was with Moygashel Ltd between 1960 and 1969.2 He was sales and marketing with William Ewart & Company between 1969 and 1972.2 He was with Lamont Holdings plc between 1972 and 1978.2 He was managing director of Dennis Rogan Associates in 1978.2 He was created Baron Rogan, of Lower Iveagh in the County of Down [U.K. Life Peer] on 16 July 1999.1
Children of Dennis Robert David Rogan, Baron Rogan and Lorna Elizabeth Colgan
- Hon. Timothy Robert John Rogan2 b. 1970
- Hon. Damian Ardis Rogan2 b. 1974
Citations
- [S134] Heraldic Media Ltd., online http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/, Patrick Cracoft-Brennan (Cracroft Peerage Database v5.2), downloaded 1 November 2006.
- [S37] BP2003 volume 3, page 3382. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S37]
Richard George Rogers, Baron Rogers of Riverside1 ![](http://www.thepeerage.com/livingn.gif)
M, #191774, b. 23 July 1933, d. 18 December 2021
Last Edited=10 Jan 2022
Richard George Rogers, Baron Rogers of Riverside was born on 23 July 1933.2 He was the son of Nino Rogers and Dada Geiringer.2 He married, firstly, Sue Brumwell in 1961.2 He and Sue Brumwell were divorced before 1973. He married, secondly, Ruth Elias in 1973.2 He died on 18 December 2021 at age 88.3
He graduated with a AA Diploma.2 He graduated from Yale University School of Architecture, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A.G, with a Master of Architecture (M.Arch.)2 He was an architect, including designing Centre Pompidou Paris, Lloyd's Building London, and Channel 4 HQ London.2 He wrote the book Richard Rogers Architecture, published 1985.2 He wrote the book A U: Richard Rogers 1978-1988, published 1988.2 He wrote the book Architecture: a modern view, published 1990.2 He was appointed Knight in 1991.2 He was created Baron Rogers of Riverside, of Chelsea in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea [U.K. Life Peer] on 17 October 1996.1
He graduated with a AA Diploma.2 He graduated from Yale University School of Architecture, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A.G, with a Master of Architecture (M.Arch.)2 He was an architect, including designing Centre Pompidou Paris, Lloyd's Building London, and Channel 4 HQ London.2 He wrote the book Richard Rogers Architecture, published 1985.2 He wrote the book A U: Richard Rogers 1978-1988, published 1988.2 He wrote the book Architecture: a modern view, published 1990.2 He was appointed Knight in 1991.2 He was created Baron Rogers of Riverside, of Chelsea in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea [U.K. Life Peer] on 17 October 1996.1
Children of Richard George Rogers, Baron Rogers of Riverside and Sue Brumwell
Children of Richard George Rogers, Baron Rogers of Riverside and Ruth Elias
- Hon. Roo Rogers
- Hon. Bo Rogers d. 2011
Citations
- [S134] Heraldic Media Ltd., online http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/, Patrick Cracoft-Brennan (Cracroft Peerage Database v5.2), downloaded 1 November 2006.
- [S37] BP2003 volume 3, page 3382. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S37]
- [S200] Announcements, The Guardian, London, U.K.. Hereinafter cited as The Guardian.
Eric Roll, Baron Roll of Ipsden1 ![](http://www.thepeerage.com/livingn.gif)
M, #191775, b. 1 December 1907, d. 30 March 2005
Last Edited=17 Jul 2016
Eric Roll, Baron Roll of Ipsden was born on 1 December 1907.2 He was the son of Mathias Roll.2 He married Winifred Taylor, daughter of Elliott Taylor, on 22 September 1934.2 He died on 30 March 2005 at age 97.1
He graduated from Birmingham University, Birmingham, Warwickshire, EnglandG, with a Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com.)2 He wrote the book An Early Experiment in Industrial Organization, published 1930.2 He graduated from Birmingham University, Birmingham, Warwickshire, England, with a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)2 He wrote the book Spotlight on Germany, published 1933.2 He wrote the book About Money, published 1934.2 He wrote the book Elements of Economic Theory, published 1935.2 He was Professor of Economics and Commerce between 1935 and 1946 at University College, Hull, Yorkshire, EnglandG.2 He was Deputy Head, British Food Mission, North America.2 He held the office of Assistant Secretary, Ministry of Food between 1946 and 1947.2 He held the office of Under-Secretary, Treasury in 1948.2 He was appointed Companion, Order of St. Michael and St. George (C.M.G.) in 1949.2 He wrote the book A History of Economic Thought, published 1954.2 He was appointed Companion, Order of the Bath (C.B.) in 1956.1 He wrote the book The Combined Food Board, published 1957.2 He held the office of Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture between 1959 and 1961.2 He was appointed Knight Commander, Order of St. Michael and St. George (K.C.M.G.) in 1962.1 He was Executive Director, UK IMF and IBRD between 1963 and 1964.2 He held the office of Permanent Under-Secretary, DEA between 1964 and 1966.2 He was director of Times Newspapers Ltd between 1967 and 1980.2 He wrote the book The World After Keynes, published 1968.2 He held the office of Director of the Bank of England between 1968 and 1977.2 He held the office of Chancellor of Southampton University between 1974 and 1984.2 He was created Baron Roll of Ipsden, of Ipsden in the County of Oxfordshire [U.K. Life Peer] on 19 July 1977.1 He wrote the book The Uses and Abuses of Economics, published 1978.2 He wrote the book Crowded Hours, published 1985.2 He was president of S G Warburg Group between 1987 and 1995.2 He wrote the book Where Did We Go Wrong?, published 1995.2
He graduated from Birmingham University, Birmingham, Warwickshire, EnglandG, with a Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com.)2 He wrote the book An Early Experiment in Industrial Organization, published 1930.2 He graduated from Birmingham University, Birmingham, Warwickshire, England, with a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)2 He wrote the book Spotlight on Germany, published 1933.2 He wrote the book About Money, published 1934.2 He wrote the book Elements of Economic Theory, published 1935.2 He was Professor of Economics and Commerce between 1935 and 1946 at University College, Hull, Yorkshire, EnglandG.2 He was Deputy Head, British Food Mission, North America.2 He held the office of Assistant Secretary, Ministry of Food between 1946 and 1947.2 He held the office of Under-Secretary, Treasury in 1948.2 He was appointed Companion, Order of St. Michael and St. George (C.M.G.) in 1949.2 He wrote the book A History of Economic Thought, published 1954.2 He was appointed Companion, Order of the Bath (C.B.) in 1956.1 He wrote the book The Combined Food Board, published 1957.2 He held the office of Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture between 1959 and 1961.2 He was appointed Knight Commander, Order of St. Michael and St. George (K.C.M.G.) in 1962.1 He was Executive Director, UK IMF and IBRD between 1963 and 1964.2 He held the office of Permanent Under-Secretary, DEA between 1964 and 1966.2 He was director of Times Newspapers Ltd between 1967 and 1980.2 He wrote the book The World After Keynes, published 1968.2 He held the office of Director of the Bank of England between 1968 and 1977.2 He held the office of Chancellor of Southampton University between 1974 and 1984.2 He was created Baron Roll of Ipsden, of Ipsden in the County of Oxfordshire [U.K. Life Peer] on 19 July 1977.1 He wrote the book The Uses and Abuses of Economics, published 1978.2 He wrote the book Crowded Hours, published 1985.2 He was president of S G Warburg Group between 1987 and 1995.2 He wrote the book Where Did We Go Wrong?, published 1995.2
Children of Eric Roll, Baron Roll of Ipsden and Winifred Taylor
- Hon. Joanna Roll2 b. 1944
- Hon. Elizabeth Roll3 b. 1946
Citations
- [S134] Heraldic Media Ltd., online http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/, Patrick Cracoft-Brennan (Cracroft Peerage Database v5.2), downloaded 1 November 2006.
- [S37] BP2003 volume 3, page 3383. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S37]
- [S8] BP1999 volume 1, page 1216. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S8]
Jeffrey William Rooker, Baron Rooker1
M, #191776, b. 5 June 1941
Last Edited=24 Jul 2016
Jeffrey William Rooker, Baron Rooker was born on 5 June 1941.2 He married Angela (?) in 1972.2
He was educated at Handsworth Technical College, Handsworth, Staffordshire, England.2 He was educated at Warwick University, Warwick, Warwickshire, EnglandG.2 He was assistant to the works manager, Geo Salter & Company between 1964 and 1965.2 He was assembly manager between 1965 and 1967.2 He was production manager, Rola Celestion Ltd between 1967 and 1970.2 He was lecturer between 1972 and 1974 at Lanchester Polytechnic, Coventry, Warwickshire, England.2 He held the office of Member of Parliament (M.P.) (Labour) for Birmingham Perry Bar between 1974 and 2001.2 He held the office of Minister of State, Minstry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food between 1997 and 1999.2 He was appointed Privy Counsellor (P.C.) in 1999.2 He held the office of Minister of State, Department of Social Security between 1999 and 2001.2 He held the office of Minister of State, Home Office between 2001 and 2002.2 He was created Baron Rooker, of Perry Bar in the County of West Midlands [U.K. Life Peer] on 16 June 2001.1 He was Deputy of the Prime Minister's Office in 2002.2
He was educated at Handsworth Technical College, Handsworth, Staffordshire, England.2 He was educated at Warwick University, Warwick, Warwickshire, EnglandG.2 He was assistant to the works manager, Geo Salter & Company between 1964 and 1965.2 He was assembly manager between 1965 and 1967.2 He was production manager, Rola Celestion Ltd between 1967 and 1970.2 He was lecturer between 1972 and 1974 at Lanchester Polytechnic, Coventry, Warwickshire, England.2 He held the office of Member of Parliament (M.P.) (Labour) for Birmingham Perry Bar between 1974 and 2001.2 He held the office of Minister of State, Minstry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food between 1997 and 1999.2 He was appointed Privy Counsellor (P.C.) in 1999.2 He held the office of Minister of State, Department of Social Security between 1999 and 2001.2 He held the office of Minister of State, Home Office between 2001 and 2002.2 He was created Baron Rooker, of Perry Bar in the County of West Midlands [U.K. Life Peer] on 16 June 2001.1 He was Deputy of the Prime Minister's Office in 2002.2
Citations
- [S134] Heraldic Media Ltd., online http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/, Patrick Cracoft-Brennan (Cracroft Peerage Database v5.2), downloaded 1 November 2006.
- [S37] BP2003 volume 3, page 3389. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S37]
John Francis Hodgess Roper, Baron Roper1 ![](http://www.thepeerage.com/livingn.gif)
M, #191777, b. 10 September 1935, d. 29 January 2016
Last Edited=3 Feb 2021
John Francis Hodgess Roper, Baron Roper was born on 10 September 1935 at Norwich, Norfolk, England.2 He was the son of Reverend Frederick Mabor Hodges Roper and Ellen Frances Brockway.2 He married Valerie Hope Edwards, daughter of Rt. Hon. Lewis John Edwards and Dorothy May Watson, in 1959.2 He died on 29 January 2016 at age 80.2
He was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England.2 He was educated at William Hulme's Grammar School, Manchester, Lancashire, England.3 He was educated at Chicago Univeristy, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.G.3 He held the office of Member of Parliament (M.P.) (Labour) for Farnworth between 1970 and 1983.2 He was head of the WEU Institute for Security Studies in 1990 at Paris, France.2 He was created Baron Roper, of Thorney Island in the City of Westminster [U.K. Life Peer] on 12 May 2000.1 He was appointed Privy Counsellor (P.C.) in 2005.2
He was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England.2 He was educated at William Hulme's Grammar School, Manchester, Lancashire, England.3 He was educated at Chicago Univeristy, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.G.3 He held the office of Member of Parliament (M.P.) (Labour) for Farnworth between 1970 and 1983.2 He was head of the WEU Institute for Security Studies in 1990 at Paris, France.2 He was created Baron Roper, of Thorney Island in the City of Westminster [U.K. Life Peer] on 12 May 2000.1 He was appointed Privy Counsellor (P.C.) in 2005.2
Child of John Francis Hodgess Roper, Baron Roper and Valerie Hope Edwards
Citations
- [S134] Heraldic Media Ltd., online http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/, Patrick Cracoft-Brennan (Cracroft Peerage Database v5.2), downloaded 1 November 2006.
- [S466] Notices, The Telegraph, London, UK. Hereinafter cited as The Telegraph.
- [S37] BP2003 volume 3, page 3390. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S37]
- [S9221] Anonymous, "re: anon," e-mail message to Darryl Roger LUNDY (101053), 24 December 2020. Hereinafter cited as "re: anon."
Max Leonard Rosenheim, Baron Rosenheim1 ![](http://www.thepeerage.com/livingn.gif)
M, #191778, d. 2 December 1972
Last Edited=26 May 2006
Max Leonard Rosenheim, Baron Rosenheim died on 2 December 1972.1
He was appointed Knight Commander, Order of the British Empire (K.B.E.)1 He was created Baron Rosenheim, of the London Borough of Camden [U.K. Life Peer] on 31 July 1970.1
He was appointed Knight Commander, Order of the British Empire (K.B.E.)1 He was created Baron Rosenheim, of the London Borough of Camden [U.K. Life Peer] on 31 July 1970.1
Citations
- [S134] Heraldic Media Ltd., online http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/, Patrick Cracoft-Brennan (Cracroft Peerage Database v5.2), downloaded 1 November 2006.
William Ross, Baron Ross of Marnock1 ![](http://www.thepeerage.com/livingn.gif)
M, #191779, d. 10 June 1988
Last Edited=26 May 2006
William Ross, Baron Ross of Marnock died on 10 June 1988.1
He was created Baron Ross of Marnock, of Kilmarnock in the District of Kilmarnock and Loudoun [U.K. Life Peer] on 24 July 1979.1
He was created Baron Ross of Marnock, of Kilmarnock in the District of Kilmarnock and Loudoun [U.K. Life Peer] on 24 July 1979.1
Citations
- [S134] Heraldic Media Ltd., online http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/, Patrick Cracoft-Brennan (Cracroft Peerage Database v5.2), downloaded 1 November 2006.
Stephen Sherlock Ross, Baron Ross of Newport1 ![](http://www.thepeerage.com/livingn.gif)
M, #191780, b. 6 July 1926, d. 10 May 1993
Last Edited=1 Aug 2021
Stephen Sherlock Ross, Baron Ross of Newport was born on 6 July 1926.2 He married Brenda Hughes in 1949.3 He died on 10 May 1993 at age 66.1
He was appointed Fellow, Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (F.R.I.C.S.)1 He held the office of Member of Parliament (M.P.) (Liberal) for the Isle of Wight between 1974 and 1987.2 He was created Baron Ross of Newport, of Newport in the County of the Isle of Wight [U.K. Life Peer] on 4 November 1987.1
He was appointed Fellow, Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (F.R.I.C.S.)1 He held the office of Member of Parliament (M.P.) (Liberal) for the Isle of Wight between 1974 and 1987.2 He was created Baron Ross of Newport, of Newport in the County of the Isle of Wight [U.K. Life Peer] on 4 November 1987.1
Citations
- [S134] Heraldic Media Ltd., online http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/, Patrick Cracoft-Brennan (Cracroft Peerage Database v5.2), downloaded 1 November 2006.
- [S6289] The History of Parliament Online, online http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org. Hereinafter cited as History of Parliament.
- [S212] Obituaries, The Independent, London, U.K.. Hereinafter cited as The Independent.