Madagaskar
Tampilan
Républik Madagaskar (Bali) | |
---|---|
![]() Location of Madagaskar (dark blue) – in Africa (light blue & dark grey) | |
Ibu kota | Antananarivo 18°55′S 47°31′E / 18.917°S 47.517°E |
Basa resmi | |
Kelompok etnik (2004[2]) | |
Demonim | Malagasy[3][4] |
Pamréntahan | Unitary semi-Présidéntial constitutional republic |
Andry Rajoelina | |
Christian Ntsay | |
Rivo Rakotovao | |
Christine Razanamahasoa[5] | |
Legislatip | Parliament |
Senate | |
National Assembly | |
Independence | |
• from France | 26 June 1960 |
17 November 2010 | |
Jimbarnyané | |
- Total | 587,041 km2 (226,658 sq mi) (46th) |
- Toya | 5,501 km2 (2,124 sq mi) |
0.9% | |
Populasi | |
- Perkiraan 2016 | 24.894.551[6] (52nd) |
35.2/km2 (91.2/sq mi) (174th) | |
PDB (KKB) | 2019 |
- Total | $45.948 billion[7] |
$1,697[7] | |
PDB (nominal) | 2019 |
- Total | $12.734 billion[7] |
$471[7] | |
Gini (2010) | 44.1[8] sedang |
IPM (2018) | ![]() rendah · 162nd |
Mata uang | Malagasy ariary ( MGA ) |
Zona waktu | EAT (UTC+3) |
- Musim panas (DST) | UTC+3 (not observed[10]) |
Lajur kemudi | right |
Kode télépon | +261[10] |
Kode ISO 3166 | [[ISO 3166-2:MG
|MG ]] |
Ranah Internet | .mg |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/220px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Madagascar_map.png/220px-Madagascar_map.png)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/LocationMadagascar.svg/220px-LocationMadagascar.svg.png)
Madagaskar (/ˌmædəˈɡæskər,
- ↑ Le Comité Consultatif Constitutionnel (1 October 2010). "Projet de Constitution de la Quatrième République de Madagascar" (PDF) (ring Prancis). Madagascar Tribune. Kaarsipin (PDF) saking versi asli tanggal 28 June 2011. Kaaksés 24 August 2011.
- ↑ "MADAGASCAR: general data". Populstat.info. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 9 February 2014. Kaaksés 15 July 2013.
- ↑ "Demonyms – Names of Nationalities". Geography.about.com. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 25 December 2018. Kaaksés 15 July 2013.
- ↑ "Malagasy – National Geographic Style Manual". Kaaksés 27 February 2017.
- ↑ "Archive copy". Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2019-07-17. Kaaksés 2020-06-02.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ↑ "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision". ESA.UN.org (custom data acquired via website). Departemen_Urusan_Ekonomi_dan_Sosial_PBB, Population Division. Kaaksés 10 Séptémber 2017.
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 "Madagascar". International Monetary Fund.
- ↑ "Gini Index". World Bank. Kaaksés 2 March 2011.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2019" (PDF) (ring Inggris). United Nations Development Programme. 10 December 2019. Kaaksés 10 December 2019.
- ↑ 10,0 10,1 Bradt (2011), p. 2.
- Acquier, Jean-Louis (1997). Architectures de Madagascar (ring Prancis). Berlin: Berger-Levrault. ISBN 978-2-7003-1169-3.
- Ade Ajayi, Jacob Festus (1989). General history of Africa: Africa in the nineteenth century until the 1880s. Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 978-0-520-03917-9.
- Adelaar, Alexander (2006). "The Indonésian migrations to Madagascar: Making sense of the multidisciplinary evidence". Ring Simanjuntak, Truman; Pojoh, Ingrid; Harriet Eileen; Hisyam, Muhamad (eds.). Austronesian diaspora and the ethnogeneses of people in Indonésian archipelago. Jakarta, Indonésia: LIPI Press. ISBN 978-979-26-2436-6.
- Ames, Glenn Joseph (2003). Distant lands and diverse cultures: the French experience in Asia, 1600–1700. New York: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-30864-2.
- Auzias, Dominique; Labourdette, Jean-Paul (2008). Petit Futé: Madagascar 2008 (ring Prancis). Paris: Petit Futé. ISBN 978-2-7469-1982-2.
- Barendse, R.J. (2002). The Arabian seas: the Indian Ocean world of the seventeenth century. Berlin: M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-0729-4.
- Bradt, Hilary (2011). Madagascar, 10th Ed.: The Bradt Travel Guide. London: Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN 978-1-84162-341-2.
- Browning, Christopher R. (2004). The Origins of the Final Solution. Jerusalem: Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority. ISBN 978-3-540-63293-1.
- Campbell, Gwyn (2005). An economic history of Imperial Madagascar, 1750–1895: the rise and fall of an island empire. London: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83935-8.
- Chapus, G.S.; Mondain, G. (1953). Un homme d'etat malgache: Rainilaiarivony (ring Prancis). Paris: Editions Diloutremer.
- Cousins, William Edward (1895). Madagascar of to-day: A sketch of the island, with chapters on its past history and present prospects. London: The Religious Tract Society.
- Curtin, Philip D. (1998). Disease and empire: the health of European troops in the conquest of Africa. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-59835-4.
- Davies, S.J.J.F. (2003). "Birds I: Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins". Ring Hutchins, Michael (ed.). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. 8 (édisi ka-2). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. ISBN 978-0-7876-5784-0.
- Deschamps, Hubert Jules (1965). Histoire de Madagascar (ring Prancis). Ann Arbor, MI: Berger-Levrault.
- Ellis, William (1859). Three visits to Madagascar during ... 1853-1854-1856. London: Oxford University.
- William Ellis (1867). Madagascar revisited, describing the events of a new reign and the revolution which followed. John Murray. ISBN 0-548-22734-9.
- William Ellis (1870). The martyr church: a narrative of the introduction, progress, and triumph of Christianity in Madagascar. J. Snow. ISBN 0-8370-0407-1.
- Emoff, Ron (2004). "Spitting into the wind: Multi-edged environmentalism in Malagasy song". Ring Dawe, Kevin (ed.). Island Musics. New York: Berg. ISBN 978-1-85973-703-3.
- Fage, J.D.; Flint, J.E.; Oliver, R.A. (1986). The Cambridge History of Africa: From c. 1790 to c. 1870. London: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-20413-2.
- Fournet-Guérin, Catherine (2007). Vivre à Tananarive: géographie du changement dans la capitale malgache (ring Prancis). Antananarivo, Madagascar: Karthala Editions. ISBN 978-2-84586-869-4.
- Fox, Leonard (1990). Hainteny: the traditional poetry of Madagascar. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8387-5175-6.
- Freeman, Joseph John; Johns, David (1840). A narrative of the persecution of the Christians in Madagascar: with details of the escape of six Christian refugees now in England. London: J. Snow.
- Frémigacci, Jean (1999). "Le Rova de Tananarive: Destruction d'un lieu saint ou constitution d'une référence identitaire?". Ring Chrétien, Jean-Pierre (ed.). Histoire d'Afrique (ring Prancis). Paris: Editions Karthala. ISBN 978-2-86537-904-0.
- Gallieni, Joseph-Simon (1908). Neuf ans à Madagascar (ring Prancis). Paris: Librairie Hachette.
- Heale, Jay; Abdul Latif, Zawiah (2008). Cultures of the World: Madagascar. Tarrytown, NY: Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 978-0-7614-3036-0.
- Hillstrom, Kevin; Collier Hillstrom, Laurie (2003). Africa and the Middle East: a continental overview of environmental issues. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-688-0.
- Hobbes, Joseph; Dolan, Andrew (2008). World Regional Geography. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-38950-7.
- Hodder, Ian (1982). Symbolic and structural archaeology. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-24406-0.
- Kennedy, David (2007). The Library of Congress World War II companion. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-5219-5.
- Kent, Raymond (1976). From Madagascar to the Malagasy Republic. Ann Arbor, MI: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-8371-8421-0.
- Kitchen, Helen A. (1962). The Educated African: a Country-by-Country Survey of Educational Development in Africa. Washington, D.C.: Praeger.
- Kull, Christian (2004). Isle of Fire: The Political Ecology of Landscape Burning in Madagascar, Issue 246. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-46141-0.
- Kusimba, Chapurukha; Odland, J. Claire; Bronson, Bennet (2004). Unwrapping the textile traditions of Madagascar. Textile Series. Los Angeles: Regents of the University of California. ISBN 978-0-930741-95-2.
- Lehoullier, Sara (2010). Madagascar: Travel Companion. New York: Other Places Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9822619-5-8.
- Middleton, Karen (1999). Ancestors, Power, and History in Madagascar. Los Angeles: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-11289-6.
- Moriarty, H.A. (1891). Islands in the southern Indian Ocean, westward of longitude 80 ̊east, including Madagascar. London: J. D. Potter.
- Nalla, Mahesh (2010). Crime and Punishment Around the World: Volume 1, Africa. Los Angeles: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-35133-4.
- Ogot, Bethwell (1992). Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century. Paris: UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-101711-7.
- Oliver, Roland; Fage, John Donnelly; Sanderson, G.N. (1985). The Cambridge History of Africa. Journal of Arid Environments. 6. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. p. 195. Bibcode:1983JArEn...6..195S. doi:10.1016/S0140-1963(18)31535-0. ISBN 978-0-521-22803-9.
- Oliver, Samuel Pasfield (1886). Madagascar: an historical and descriptive account of the island and its former dependencies, Volume 1. London: Macmillan.
- Pezzotta, Federico (2001). Madagascar: a mineral and gemstone paradise. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan. ISBN 978-0-9715371-0-1.
- Pryor, Frederic L. (1990). The political economy of poverty, equity, and growth: Malawi and Madagascar. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. ISBN 978-0-19-520823-8.
- Rabearivelo, Jean-Joseph (2007) [1936 (translation by Robert Ziller)]. Translated from the Night. Pittsburgh, PA: Lascaux Editions. ISBN 978-1-60461-552-4.
- Rajaonarimanana, Narivelo (2001). Grammaire moderne de la langue malgache. Langues INALCO (ring Prancis). Paris: Langues et mondes – l'Asiatheque. ISBN 978-2-911053-79-5.
- Ralibera, Daniel (1993). Madagascar et le christianisme (ring Prancis). Paris: Editions Karthala. ISBN 978-92-9028-211-2.
- Randier, Jean (2006). La Royale: L'histoire illustrée de la Marine nationale française (ring Prancis). Maîtres du Vent – La Falaise: Babouji. ISBN 978-2-35261-022-9.
- Randrianary, Victor (2001). Madagascar: les chants d'une île (ring Prancis). Paris: Actes Sud. ISBN 978-2-7427-3556-3.
- Ratsimbazafy, Ernest (2010). "Moraingy". Ring Green, Thomas; Svinth, Joseph (eds.). Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation, Volume 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-243-2.
- Regnier, Denis (2015). "Clean people, unclean people: the essentialisation of 'slaves' among the southern Betsileo of Madagascar". Social Anthropology. 23 (2): 152–158. doi:10.1111/1469-8676.12107.
- Reinsch, Paul Samuel (1905). Colonial Administration. New York: Macmillan.
- Rodd, Tony; Stackhouse, Jennifer (2008). Trees: A Visual Guide. Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25650-7.
- Room, Adrian (2006). Placenames of the world: origins and meanings of the names for 6,600 countries, cities, territories, natural features, and historic sites. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-2248-7.
- Sharp, Leslie (2002). The Sacrificed Generation: Youth, History, and the Colonized Mind in Madagascar. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22951-8.
- Shillington, Kevin (2005). Encyclopedia of African history. New York: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-57958-453-5.
- Strakes, Jason (2006). "Armed Forces of the People". Ring Leonard, Thomas M. (ed.). Encyclopedia of the developing world. 1. New York: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-57958-388-0.
- Thompson, Virginia; Adloff, Richard (1965). The Malagasy Republic: Madagascar today. San Francisco, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-0279-9.
- Uwechue, Raph (1981). Makers of modern Africa: profiles in history, Volume 1. Dearborne, MI: Africa Books Ltd. ISBN 978-0-903274-14-2.
- Van Den Boogaerde, Pierre (2008). Shipwrecks of Madagascar. New York: AEG Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-60693-494-4.
- Wink, André (2004). Volume 3 of Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Indo-Islamic society, 14th–15th centuries. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-13561-1.
- Country Profile from BBC News
- "Madagascar". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
- Madagaskar ring Curlie
- Madagascar from UCB Libraries GovPubs
Peta Madagascar ring Wikimedia Atlas
- Key Development Forecasts for Madagascar from International Futures
Data geografis Madagaskar di OpenStreetMap
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