Izvorni kôd stranice Islamsko bankarstvo

'''Islamsko bankarstvo''' ({{Jez-ar|مصرفية إسلامية}}) ili '''finansiranje usklađeno sa šerijatom''', jest [[banka]]rska ili finansijska aktivnost koje su u skladu sa [[šerijat]]om (islamskim zakonom) i njihove praktične primjene kroz razvoj [[Islamska ekonomija|islamske ekonomije]]. Neki od načina islamskog bankarstva/finansiranja uključuju ''mudarabah'' (dijeljenje dobiti i nošenje gubitka), ''wadiah'' (čuvanje), ''mušaraku'' (zajedničko ulaganje), ''murabah'' (trošak plus) i ''idžara'' (leasing).

Šerijat zabranjuje ribu, to jest [[lihvarstvo]], općenito definisano kao [[Kamata|kamatu]] koja se plaća na sve pozajmice novca<ref>{{cite web|url=http://englishtafsir.com/ | title=Tafhim al-Qur'an - The Meaning of the Qur'an |last1=Maududi |first1=Sayyid Abul Ala |access-date=8. 10. 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Islamic Banking Principles|url=http://www.islamic-banking.com/islamic_banking_principle.aspx|publisher=Institute of Islamic Banking and Insurance|access-date=8. 10. 2023|archive-date=28. 9. 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928102932/http://www.islamic-banking.com/islamic_banking_principle.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> (iako neki [[musliman]]i osporavaju da li postoji konsenzus da je kamata ekvivalentna ribi).{{sfn|Farooq|2005|pp=3–6}}{{sfn|Khan|2013|pp=216-226}} Ulaganje u kompanije koje pružaju robu ili usluge koje se smatraju suprotnim islamskim principima (npr. svinjetina ili alkohol) je također haram ("grijeh i zabranjeno").

Glavna karakteristika islamskog bankarstva je pokušaj eliminisanja [[kamata|kamate]] iz poslovanja, jer se ona kosi sa islamskim propisima. To se može ilustrovati u ideji islamske štednje gdje je štediša ustvari investitor koji sudjeluje u riziku zajedno sa islamskom bankom. U ovom primjeru, deponent na kraju poslovne godine (ili kako je već određeno) shodno procentu profita banke dobiti isti procenat u odnosu na položeni [[novac]]. U slučaju gubitka islamske banke na nekoj investiciji, obratno, štediša će također učestvovati sa jednakim procentualnim gubitkom.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rajhi|first=Wassim|last2=Hassairi|first2=Slim Ahmed|date=0000|title=Capital Structure and Financial Risks in Non-Conventional Banking System|url=https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijef/article/view/15930|journal=International Journal of Economics and Finance|language=en|volume=4|issue=4|pages=p252|doi=10.5539/ijef.v4n4p252|issn=1916-971X}}</ref>

Islamsko bankarstvo također zabranjuje ekonomsku [[špekulaciju]]. U finansijskom kontekstu, špekulacija se smatra svaka investicija koja ima   značajni rizik neuspjeha, ali se poduzima zbog višestrukog povrata u slučaju uspjeha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/journals/001/2007/117/001.2007.issue-117-en.xml|title=IMF Working Papers Volume 2007 Issue 117: The Economics of Islamic Finance and Securitization (2007)|website=imfsg|language=en|doi=10.5089/9781451866810.001|access-date=6. 5. 2023}}</ref>

Industrija islamskog bankarstva je pohvaljena jer se vratila na put "božanskog vodstva" u odbacivanju "političke i ekonomske dominacije" Zapada,<ref name="IIFTU1998:6">[[#IIFTU1998|Usmani, ''Introduction to Islamic Finance'', 1998]]: p.&nbsp;6</ref> i zapažena kao "najvidljiviji znak" islamskog revivalizma,{{sfn|Farooq|2005|p=33}} njegovi najentuzijastičniji zagovornici obećavaju "nedstatak inflacije, nezaposlenosti, eksploatacije i siromaštva" kada se islamsko bankarstvo u potpunosti provede.<ref name="IFGE2010:21">[[#|Warde, ''Islamic finance in the global economy'', 2000]]: p.&nbsp;21</ref>{{sfn|Khan|2015|p=87}} Međutim, kritikovano je zbog neuspjeha da razvije podjelu dobiti i gubitka ili više etičkih načina ulaganja koje su obećavali rani zagovarači,<ref name="Qureshi_(2005)">Qureshi, D.M. 2005. Vision table: Questions and answers session. In ''Proceedings of the First Pakistan Islamic Banking and Money Market Conference'', 14–15 September, Karachi</ref> i umjesto toga samo prodaju bankarske proizvode[19] koji su "u skladu sa formalnim zahtjevima islamskog zakona",<ref name="Fadel_(2008:656)">Fadel, Mohammad. 2008. [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1115875 ''Riba'', efficiency, and prudential regulation: Preliminary thought.] ''Wisconsin International Law Journal'' 25 (4) (April) 656</ref> ali koriste "izgovore i lukavstvo za prikrivanje kamata",{{sfn|Khan|2013|pp=xv-xvi}} te povlače za sobom "veće troškove, veće rizike"{{sfn|Khan|2013|p=400}} od konvencionalnih (ribawi) banaka.

== Reference == 
{{Refspisak}}

=== Izvori ===
{{Reflist}}
===Knjige i članci===
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* {{cite journal|ssrn=1579324|title=The Riba-Interest Equation and Islam: Reexamination of the Traditional Arguments|date=septembar 2009|last1=Farooq|first1=Mohammad Omar |journal=Global Journal of Finance and Economics |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=99–111 |ref=MOFRIEI2009}}
** {{cite web|last1=Farooq|first1=Muhammad Omar|date=novembar 2005|title=The Riba-Interest Equation and Islam: Reexamination of the Traditional Arguments |type=Draft |access-date=11. 8. 2015 |archive-date=24. 9. 2015 |url=http://www.globalwebpost.com/farooqm/writings/islamic/riba_interest.doc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924022556/http://www.globalwebpost.com/farooqm/writings/islamic/riba_interest.doc|url-status=dead}}
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* {{cite book|last1=Khan|first1=Muhammad Akram|title=What Is Wrong with Islamic Economics?: Analysing the Present State and Future Agenda |date=2013|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|isbn=9781782544159 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fr36Gd1X_rcC&q=khan+sum+up+the+modernist+interpretation&pg=PA178 |access-date=26. 3. 2015}}
* {{cite book|last=Rothbard|first=Murray N.|title=An Austrian Perspective on the History of Economic Thought, Volume&nbsp;I (Economic Thought Before Adam Smith)|url=https://mises.org/books/histofthought1.pdf |publisher=Ludwig von Mises Institute|year=1995|location=Auburn, Alabama|isbn=978-0-945466-48-2}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Roy |first1=Olivier |title=The Failure of Political Islam |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |year=1994 |url=https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo| url-access=registration |quote=Failure of Political Islam roy. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/failureofpolitic00royo/page/132 132]–47|isbn=9780674291416 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Ibn Sa'd |first1=Muhammad |title=Kitab At-Tabaqat Al-Kabir Volume III: The Companions of Badr |date=2013 |publisher=Ta-ha publisher |isbn=978-1-84200-133-2 |page=81 |url=https://www.tahapublishers.com/kitab-at-tabaqat-al-kabir-volume-iii%3A-the-companions-of-badr~262 |translator=Aisha Bewley |access-date=10. 11. 2021 |archive-date=6. 6. 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606163044/https://www.tahapublishers.com/kitab-at-tabaqat-al-kabir-volume-iii:-the-companions-of-badr~262 |url-status=dead }}
* {{Cite journal|last2=Salah|first2=O.|year=2014|orig-year=2013|title=Development of Sukuk: Pragmatic and Idealist Approaches to Sukuk Structures|url=http://www.debrauw.com/wp-content/uploads/NEWS%20-%20PUBLICATIONS/Development-Sukuk-Pragmatic-and-Idealist-Approaches-to-20-Sukuk-20Structures.pdf|journal=Journal of International Banking Law and Regulation|issue=1|pages=41–52|ref=SSDoS2014|last1=Saeed|first1=A.|access-date=18. 3. 2017}}
* {{cite book|chapter-url=http://ues.ac.ir/files/takmili/islamic_econ./raveshshenasi_islam./230.pdf |title=Advances in Islamic economics and finance: Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Islamic Economics and Finance |volume=1|last=Sairally|first=Salma|publisher=Islamic Research and Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank|year=2007|location=Jeddah|pages=279–320|chapter=Evaluating the 'social responsibility' of Islamic finance: Learning from the experiences of socially responsible investment funds|ref=ESRIF2007|editor1=Munawar Iqbal|editor2=Salman Syed Ali|editor3=Dadang Muljawan|access-date=16. 5. 2017|url-status=dead|archive-date=4. 3. 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073521/http://ues.ac.ir/files/takmili/islamic_econ./raveshshenasi_islam./230.pdf}}
* {{cite book|url=http://www.startupbusiness.it/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/SALAAM03102016111130.pdf|title=State of the Global Islamic Economy Report 2015/16|publisher=Thomson Reuters & Dinar Standard|ref=SGIER2015-6|access-date=19. 3. 2017|archive-date=14. 3. 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314155047/https://www.startupbusiness.it/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/SALAAM03102016111130.pdf|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book |last1=Tarmizi |first1=Erwandi |title=Haram Wealth in Contemporary Muamalah |date=2017 |publisher=PT Erwandi Tarmizi Konsultan |location=Indonesia |isbn=9786021974209 |edition=English |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ylRhDgAAQBAJ |access-date=24. 10. 2021 }}
* {{cite book|url=http://www.albalagh.net/Islamic_economics/riba_judgement.pdf|title=The Historic Judgment on Interest Delivered in the Supreme Court of Pakistan|date=decembar 1999|publisher=albalagh.net|location=Karachi, Pakistan|ref=MTUHJI1999|last1=Usmani|first1=Muhammad Taqi}}
* {{cite book|url=http://apsk.kz/en/images/economics/An%20Introduction%20to%20Islamic%20Finance.pdf |title=An Introduction to Islamic Finance|date=1998|location=Kazakhstan|last1=Usmani|first1=Taqi|access-date=2. 10. 2017 |ref=IIFTU1998|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807040308/http://apsk.kz/en/images/economics/An%20Introduction%20to%20Islamic%20Finance.pdf|archive-date=7. 8. 2015|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book|last=Visser|first=Hans|year=2009|title=Islamic Finance: Principles and Practice |location=Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA, USA |publisher=Edward Elgar|isbn=9781848449473 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KIXe3rY_OkgC|access-date=9. 7. 2016}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y30tAgAAQBAJ&q=difference+between+Bai-muajjal+and+Murabaha&pg=PA66|title=Islamic Finance: Principles and Practice|date=2013|publisher=Elgar Publishing|edition=Second |last1=Visser|first1=Hans|access-date=7. 12. 2016|isbn=9781781001745}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Warde|first1=Ibrahim |title=Islamic finance in the global economy |location=Edinburgh |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |orig-year=2000|year=2010 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=diSlBgAAQBAJ&q=Warde%2C+Ibrahim.+2000%2C+2010.+Islamic+finance+in+the+global+economy%2C&pg=PR4 |ref=IFGE2010|isbn=9780748627769 }}
== Vanjski linkovi ==
* https://web.archive.org/web/20150910062942/http://www.akos.ba/izdvojeno/36islamsko-bankarstvo-razvojna-sansa-bih
{{Islamske teme}}

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