Izvorni kôd stranice Valuta

[[Datoteka:Billets de 5000.jpg|mini|Novčanice iz različitih država]]
'''Valuta''' je riječ [[italija]]nskog porijekla koja označava novčanu jedinicu neke zemlje (sredstvo plaćanja u toj zemlji).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/currency|title=Currency|publisher=The Free Dictionary}}</ref><ref name="Bernstein">{{Cite book|last=Bernstein|first=Peter|title=A Primer on Money, Banking and Gold|url=https://archive.org/details/primeronmoneyban0000bern_p7v4|publisher=Wiley|year=2008|isbn=978-0-470-28758-3|edition=3rd|location=Hoboken, NJ|chapter=4–5|oclc=233484849|authorlink=Peter L. Bernstein|origyear=1965}}</ref> U valutu spada papirni i kovani novac koji izdaje država ili banka i u opticaju služi kao sredstvo razmjene i zakonsko sredstvo plaćanja.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/currency.asp#axzz2CqfsX9BD|title=Currency|publisher=Investopedia}}</ref> Svaka država obično ima svoju valutu. [[Bosna i Hercegovina|Bosanskohercegovačka]] valuta zove se [[konvertibilna marka]], [[Sjedinjene Američke Države|američka]] [[američki dolar|dolar]], valuta [[Evropska unija|Evropske unije]] je [[euro]] itd. Ove različite valute imaju priznate vrijednosti i njima se trguje među narodima na [[Tržište stranih valuta|tržištu stranih valuta]], koje određuje relativne vrijednosti raznih valuta.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://docs.google.com/fileview?id=0B_Qxj5U7eaJTZTJkODYzN2ItZjE3Yy00Y2M0LTk2ZmUtZGU0NzA3NGI4Y2Y5&hl=en&pli=1|newspaper=The Economist|title=Guide to the Financial Markets|format=PDF}}</ref> Valute u ovom smislu su definisane vladama i svaki tip ima ograničeni opseg prihvatljivosti.

Valute mogu da budu klasifikovane u dva monetarna sistema: [[dekretni novac]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Money and Investments|last=Rollins|first=Montgomery|year=1917|publisher=George Routledge & Sons|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GqRlvgAACAAJ&dq=Money+and+Investments+Montgomery+Rollins&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y}}</ref><ref name="keynesp7">{{Cite book|title=A Treatise on Money|last=Keynes|first=John Maynard|volume=1|chapter=1. The Classification of Money|origyear=1930|year=1965|publisher=Macmillan & Co Ltd|pages=7}}</ref> i [[robni novac]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=O'Sullivan|first=Arthur|authorlink=Arthur O'Sullivan (economist)|last2=Sheffrin|first2=Steven M.|title=Economics: Principles in action|publisher=Prentice Hall|year=2003|location=Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458|url=https://www.savvas.com/index.cfm?locator=PSZu4y&PMDbSiteId=2781&PMDbSolutionId=6724&PMDbSubSolutionId=&PMDbCategoryId=815&PMDbSubCategoryId=24843&PMDbSubjectAreaId=&PMDbProgramId=23061|doi=|isbn=978-0-13-063085-8|pages=246|access-date=18. 3. 2021|archive-date=26. 12. 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226045718/https://www.savvas.com/index.cfm?locator=PSZu4y&PMDbSiteId=2781&PMDbSolutionId=6724&PMDbSubSolutionId=&PMDbCategoryId=815&PMDbSubCategoryId=24843&PMDbSubjectAreaId=&PMDbProgramId=23061|url-status=dead}}</ref> u pojedinim političkim nadležnostima, što znači da se ne mogu odbiti pri isplati duga. Drugima se jednostavno trguje zbog njihove ekonomske vrijednosti. Digitalna valuta je stekla popularnost sa povećanjem zastupljenosti računara i [[internet]]a.<ref>{{cite web|title=Digital vs. Virtual Currencies|url=http://bitcoinmagazine.com/15862/digital-vs-virtual-currencies/|publisher=Andrew Wagner|access-date=1. 12. 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908055158/https://bitcoinmagazine.com/15862/digital-vs-virtual-currencies/|archive-date=8. 9. 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What is bitcoin?|url=http://www.coindesk.com/information/what-is-bitcoin/|publisher=CoinDesk|access-date=24. 1. 2014|archive-date=29. 3. 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329193951/https://www.coindesk.com/information/what-is-bitcoin/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Historija ==

=== Rana valuta ===
Valuta je evoluirala iz dva osnovna izuma, oba od kojih su se javila oko 2000 p. n. e. Originalno, novac je bio forma potvrde prijema, predstavljajući žitarice uskladištene u hramskim žitnicama u [[Sumer]]u u drevnoj [[Mezopotamija|Mezopotamiji]] i zatim [[Stari Egipat|starom Egiptu]].

U tom prvom stadijumu valute, metali su korišteni kao simboli za predstavljanje vrijednosti uskladištene u obliku robe. To je formiralo osnovu za trgovinu u [[Plodni polumjesec|Plodnom polumjesecu]] tokom perioda od preko 1500 godina. Međutim, kolaps trgovinskog sistema [[Bliski istok|Bliskog istoka]] je ukazao na manu: u eri gdje nije bilo mjesta gdje je sigurno otpremiti dragocjenosti, vrijednost cirkulišućeg medijuma mogla je biti pouzdana onoliko koliko i sile koje su branile te zalihe. Trgovina se mogla voditi jedino u delokrugu vojne kredibilnosti. Do kraja bronzanog doba, međutim, serija međunarodnih ugovora je uspostavila bezbjedan prolaz trgovcima širom istočnog Sredozemlja, na području koje se prostiralo od [[Minojska civilizacija|minojske]] [[Kreta|Krete]] i Mikene na sjeverozapadu do [[Elam]]a i [[Bahrein]]a na jugoistoku. Nije poznato šta je korišćeno kao valuta u tim razmjenama, ali je moguće da su oksidne oblikovane poluge od bakra, proizvedene na [[Kipar|Kipru]], možda korištene kao valuta.

== Također pogledajte ==
* [[Krivotvoreni novac]]
* [[Specijalna prava vučenja]]
* [[ISO 4217]]
* [[Spisak valuta po državama]]

== Literatura ==
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{{Refend}}

== Reference ==
<references />
{{Commonscat|Currencies}}

[[Kategorija:Valute]]