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- Jarach Carlotta M.
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Medical Epidemiology
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- Karydou Kyriaki
- ViLabs
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- Trochidis Ilias
- ViLabs
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- Bernal-Robledano Alberto
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA
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- van den Brandt Piet A
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, CAPHRI- School for Public Health and Primary Care, Department of Epidemiology Maastricht University Medical Centre, GROW- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Department of Epidemiology
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- Cima Rilana
- Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven University Tinnitus Center of Expertise, Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, Adelante Experimental Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neurosciences, Maastricht University
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- Cederroth Christopher R.
- Laboratory of Experimental Audiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet Translational Hearing Research, Tübingen Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen
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- Lopez-Escamez Jose Antonio
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA Sensorineural Pathology Programme, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER Meniere's Disease Neuroscience Research Program, Faculty of Medicine & Health, School of Medical Sciences, The Kolling Institute, University of Sydney
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- Ghislandi Simone
- Department of Social and Political Sciences, Bocconi University
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- Hall Deborah Ann
- School of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University
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- Kikidis Dimitris
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School
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- Langguth Berthold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Clinic, University of Regensburg
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- Lugo Alessandra
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Medical Epidemiology
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- Mazurek Birgit
- Tinnitus Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin
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- Odone Anna
- School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia
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- Schecklmann Martin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg
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- Schoisswohl Stefan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg Department of Psychology, Universität der Bundeswehr München
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- Simoes Jorge
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente
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- Schlee Winfried
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg Institute for Information and Process Management, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences
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- Gallus Silvano
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Medical Epidemiology
説明
<p>Background: Despite the high frequency of tinnitus and its impact on wellbeing, little is known about its economic burden and no data to our knowledge are available on out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses.</p><p>Methods: In 2022 a survey was conducted on OOP costs of tinnitus. We enrolled 679 participants with slight, moderate and severe tinnitus in Italy, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Germany and Spain. We estimated annual OOP expenses for tinnitus-related healthcare visits, treatments, medications and alternative medicine practices. Prevalence of tinnitus in the general population, obtained from a representative survey we conducted in Europe in 2017-2018, was used to generalise costs for people with any tinnitus at the national level.</p><p>Results: OOP expenses were 368€ (95% confidence intervals (CI), 78€–690€), 728€ (95% CI, 316€–1,288€), and 1,492€ (95% CI, 760€–2,688€) for slight, moderate, and severe tinnitus, respectively, with annual expenditure of 565€ for people with any tinnitus: 209€ for healthcare visits, 93€ for treatments, 16€ for drugs, 64€ for hearing supporting systems and 183€ for acupuncture, homeopathy and osteopathy. Individuals with slight, moderate, and severe tinnitus expressed a willingness to invest 1.6, 4.3, and 7.0 times their monthly income, respectively, to achieve complete relief from tinnitus.</p><p>Conclusions: This study offers for the first time insights into the OOP expenses incurred by individuals with tinnitus. OOP expenses exhibited substantial variations based on severity status, accounting for more than 17 thousand million€ in the countries considered. In terms of financial burden, these findings align tinnitus to the recognised leading disabilities, including back pain and migraine.</p>
収録 刊行 物
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- Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ｅｐｉｄｅｍｉｏｌｏｇｙ
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Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ｅｐｉｄｅｍｉｏｌｏｇｙ advpub (0), 2024
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