Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

**波なみ蘭らん立りつ陶すえ宛あて聯邦れんぽう**
	1569-1795年ねん間あいだ的てき波なみ蘭らん歷史れきし時期じき
	上うえ传媒体ばいたい
	维基百科ひゃっか
隶属于	歷史れきし國家こっか (1795年ねん–);
行政ぎょうせい中心ちゅうしん	克かつ拉ひしげ科か夫おっと (1569年ねん–1596年ねん); 华沙 (1596年ねん–1795年ねん); 维尔纽斯 (1569年ねん–1596年ねん);
政体せいたい	世よ袭君主くんしゅ制せい (1569年ねん–1573年ねん); 選せん舉君主くんしゅ制せい (1573年ねん–1791年ねん); 世よ袭君主くんしゅ制せい (1791年ねん–1792年ねん); 選せん舉君主くんしゅ制せい (1792年ねん–1795年ねん); 君主くんしゅ立憲りっけん制せい (1791年ねん–1792年ねん);
立法りっぽう机つくえ构	波なみ蘭らん－立りつ陶すえ宛あて聯邦れんぽう瑟姆;
官かん方かた语言	波なみ蘭らん語ご; 羅ら塞ふさが尼あま亞あ語ご (–1696年ねん); 拉ひしげ丁ひのと語ご;
颂歌	哦，祖国そこく波は兰;
货币	Polish florint; 波なみ兰兹罗提;
可分かぶん為ため	波なみ兰王国こく王冠おうかん领地; 立たて陶すえ宛あて大公たいこう国こく;
成立せいりつ或ある建立こんりゅう時間じかん	1569年ねん6月がつ11日にち;
解散かいさん、廢除はいじょ或ある拆毀日び	1795年ねん10月がつ24日にち;
人口じんこう	7,500,000 (1580年ねん); 11,000,000 (1650年ねん); 12,300,000 (1771年ねん);
面めん积	865,000 km² (1580年ねん); 878,000 km² (1650年ねん); 718,000 km² (1771年ねん);
取と代だい對象たいしょう	波なみ蘭らん王國おうこく;
相あい異い於	波なみ蘭らん第だい二に共和きょうわ國こく; 波なみ兰第一いち共和きょうわ国こく; The Commonwealth of both nations;
	50° 03′ 00″ 北きた, 19° 56′ 00″ 东
權威けんい控ひかえ制せい
	Q172107; VIAF标识符ふ: 280847926; GND ID: 1060577984; 捷とし克かつ國家こっか圖書館としょかん識別しきべつ碼: xx0271930
	共鳴きょうめい器き; Scholia; Wikidocumentaries; KML檔案; WikiShootMe; 開放かいほう街がい圖ず; 搜索そうさく描述;

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (or Commonwealth of Both Nations) was a federal aristocratic republic formed by the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1569 with roots in the Polish-Lithuanian Union of 1387, lasting until 1795.

Maps

After the Treaty of Dywilino
Voivodeships
Commonwealth of Both Nations at the peak of its strength
Borders of the Commonwealth in 1619, superimposed on present-day national borders
Commonwealth during The Deluge and Chmielnicki's Uprising

Partitions

First partition
Second partition
Third partition
Partitions of Poland - English map from the 18th century

Parliament

Marshals

The Marshal's cane was the insignium of the power in the parliament
Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski, 1667
Franciszek Bieliński, 18th century

Senate

Senate session in the Jasna Góra Monastery, 1661
Senate Chamber at the Wawel Castle in Kraków, second half of the 16th century
Old Senate Chamber at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, second half of the 16th century (demolished)
New Senate Chamber at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, 1733

Chamber of Deputies

Diet (Seym) session (two chambers together) at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, 1622
Chamber of Deputies at the Wawel Castle in Kraków, first half of the 16th century
Old Chamber of Deputies at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, first half of the 16th century
New Chamber of Deputies at the Royal Castle in Warsaw, second half of the 17th century

Civitates Orbis Terrarum

People

Women

Infanta Anna Jagiellon
Tsarina Marina Mniszech
Urszula Meyerin
Queen Constance of Austria
Elisabeth Sophie Hohenzollern
Raina Movilă of Moldavia
Princess Anna Vasa of Sweden
Katarzyna Potocka and Maria Lupu of Moldavia
Queen Marie Louise Gonzaga de Nevers
Katarzyna von Bessen Denhoffowa
Klara Izabella de Mailly Lascaris
Queen Marie Casimire d'Arquien
Elżbieta Sieniawska
Katarzyna Opalińska
Maria Leszczyńska
Maria Karolina Sobieska
Anna Orzelska
Rozalia Lubomirska
Izabela Lubomirska
Izabela Poniatowska
Dorothea von Medem
Izabela Czartoryska

Army

Polish winged hussars - detail of the so-called "Stockholm Roll", 1605
Polish cavalry marching in the wood, Roelant Savery, 1614
Polish Rider - Lisowczyk, Rembrandt, 1655
Chainmail armor of an "Armoured companion", 17th century

Economy

Przybyła Granary in Kazimierz Dolny, 1591
Allegory of Gdańsk trade, 1608
Lamentation over the dead credit, ca. 1655
Kretkowski-Guldenstern carpet, ca. 1667

Art and culture

Architecture

Fortifications

Fortifications of Zamość, 1617
Fortified Krzyżtopór Palace, 1655
Fortifications of the Holy Trinity, 1660s
Fortifications of Gdańsk, 1740

Tenements

Black House in Lviv, Pietro di Barbona, 1588–1589
Golden House in Gdańsk, Abraham van den Blocke, 1609–1618
Star House in Toruń, 1697
Prażmowski House in Warsaw, Jakub Fontana, 1754

Timber

Manor house in Czarnożyły, 17th century
St. Paraskeva Church in Kwiatoń, 1700
Carmelite Church in Kėdainiai, 1703-1766
Synagogue in Gąbin, 1710

Town Halls

Town Hall in Zamość, Bernardo Morando and Jan Jaroszewicz, 1591–1651
Town Hall in Mahilyow, Master Kruzberg of Bykhaw, 1679–1692
Town Hall in Buchach, Bernard Meretyn, 1750-1751
Town Hall in Kaunas, Jonas Matekeris, 1771-1775

Painting

Dance of Salome, Szymon Boguszowicz, 1610s
Still life with a squirrel and a pitcher, Andreas Stech, 1658
Allegory of Summer, Jerzy Siemiginowski, 1684-1686
Ethiopian king meeting ambasadors of Persia, Franciszek Smuglewicz, 1785

Catholic

Leżajsk organ, Stanisław Studziński and Jan Głowiński, 1693
Our Lady of the Scapular of Bydgoszcz in silver riza, 1700
Interior of the St. Anne's Church in Kraków, Baldassare Fontana and Monti brothers, 1705
Dominican Church in Lviv, Jan de Witte, 1744-769

Eastern

The Last Judgment from Lipie, 17th century
Pokrov of Our Lady - detail with King John III Sobieski and Queen Marysieńka, 1670s
Iconostasis in the Holy Spirit Church in Vilnius, Johann Christoph Glaubitz, 1753–1756
Greek-Catholic St. George's Cathedral in Lviv, Bernard Meretyn, 1746–1762

Jewish

Aron Kodesh of the Zamość Synagogue, 1610-1620
Sefer ha-Zohar Yalkut Hadash, Lublin, 1648
Synagogue of Zhovkva,^[1] Piotr Beber, 1692-1698
Central Bimah of Łańcut Synagogue,^[2] 1761

Protestant

Allegory of salvation and sin, Hans Vredeman de Vries, 1596
Epitaph of Edward Blemke in Gdańsk, Willem van den Blocke, 1591
Church of the Holy Ghost in Toruń, Ephraim Schröger, 1755-1756
Holy Trinity Church in Warsaw, Szymon Bogumił Zug, 1777–1782

Armenian

Our Lady of the Trinitarians, Armenian painter, turn of the 16/17th century
Armenian Houses in Zamość, 1632-1674
Belltower of the Armenian Cathedral in Lviv, 17th century
Karacena of John III Sobieski, Armenian workshop in Lviv, 17th century

Muslim

Lithuanian Field Hetman portraited with a Persian style kalkan shield, 1650-1651
Kilim with the Czartoryski family emblems, Iran, 17th century
Tatar Mosque in Kruszyniany, after 1717
Harem in Grabki Duże,^[3] Francesco Placidi, 1742

Notes

↑ Construction was financially supported by king John III Sobieski - king's coat of arms (Janina) and the Polish eagle were placed inside of the building in gratitude for helping.
Z wdzięczności Sobieskiemu za pomoc przy budowie synagogi starsi żydowscy kazali umieścić wewnątrz jego herb (Janina) i orła polskiego. Stefan Gąsiorowski (2001年ねん) 《 Chrześcijanie i Żydzi w Żółkwi w XVII i XVIII wieku (Christians and Jews in Zhovkva in the 17th and 18th centuries)》、Polska Akademia Umiejętności、第だい119頁ぺーじ ISBN： 83-88857-39-8.
↑ The synagogue was established by Stanisław Lubomirski.
After a fire had destroyed a wooden synagogue in 1733 Stanislaw Lubomirski decided to found a new bricked synagogue building. Polin Travel. Lancut. www.jewish-guide.pl. Retrieved on 2010-09-02.
↑ Constructed for Stanisław Rupniewski, castellan of Małogoszcz, who converted to Islam.

[1] Construction was financially supported by king John III Sobieski - king's coat of arms (Janina) and the Polish eagle were placed inside of the building in gratitude for helping.
Z wdzięczności Sobieskiemu za pomoc przy budowie synagogi starsi żydowscy kazali umieścić wewnątrz jego herb (Janina) i orła polskiego. Stefan Gąsiorowski (2001年ねん) 《 Chrześcijanie i Żydzi w Żółkwi w XVII i XVIII wieku (Christians and Jews in Zhovkva in the 17th and 18th centuries)》、Polska Akademia Umiejętności、第だい119頁ぺーじ ISBN： 83-88857-39-8.

[2] The synagogue was established by Stanisław Lubomirski.
After a fire had destroyed a wooden synagogue in 1733 Stanislaw Lubomirski decided to found a new bricked synagogue building. Polin Travel. Lancut. www.jewish-guide.pl. Retrieved on 2010-09-02.

[3] Constructed for Stanisław Rupniewski, castellan of Małogoszcz, who converted to Islam.

[1]

[2]

[3]

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

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