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[[Datei:Kakazai Pashtun Family Tree in English.jpg|mini|Stammbaum von [[Qais Abdul Rashid]] von den Kakazai-Pashtunen.]]<!--
[[Datei:Kakazai Pashtun Family Tree in English.jpg|mini|Stammbaum von [[Qais Abdul Rashid]] von den Kakazai-Pashtunen.]]<!--
[[Datei:Mamudandmahsudkhel.jpg|mini|Daulat Khel, Maghdud Khel, Mahsud Khel and Mahmud Khel, Sub-divisions of Kakazai Pashtun Tribe. Courtesy: The British Library]]-->
[[Datei:Mamudandmahsudkhel.jpg|mini|Daulat Khel, Maghdud Khel, Mahsud Khel and Mahmud Khel, Sub-divisions of Kakazai Pashtun Tribe. Courtesy: The British Library]]-->
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Die '''Kakazai''' ({{psS|کاکازي|کاکازي / ککےزي / ککازي}}, [[Urdu]], {{faS|کاکازَئی / کَکےزَئی / کَکازَئی}}),<ref name="AncestorDatabase">[http://www.khyber.org/tribes/web/ppl/f/b/bff7bb635f68423d08572ce3bf.shtml Ancestor Database - Kaka Zai کاکازي]. Khyber Gateway - Khyber.org 30. September 2016.</ref><ref name="Thesis">[http://eprints.hec.gov.pk/7197/1/4041H.htm Life and Works of Hazrat Mian Mohammad Umar Chamkani.] University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan 1980. 30. September 2016 Hanif, Mohammad: 404–405.</ref><ref name="flickr">[https://www.flickr.com/photos/43961546@N00/30687265/in/photostream/ Kakezai/Kakazai Afghan/Pathan Tribe, ''Tazkara'' by Khan Roshan khan] online scans of Urdu text</ref><ref name="kkaziz">Khursheed Kamal Aziz: ''A Journey into the Past.'' Vanguard, Pakistan 2007: 721. ISBN 978-9694024998</ref><ref name="khyberwatch">[http://www.khyber.org/tribes/web/ppl/f/b/bff7bb635f68423d08572ce3bf.shtml Ancestor Database :: Spelled as ''Kaka Zai | کاکازي'' under the offsprings of ''Mashar Mamond | مشر ماموند'' ]</ref> auch: '''Loi''', '''Loye Mamund''' ({{psS|لوی ماموند}}; {{urS|لو ئے / لوئی مَاموند }}) sind ein Teil des [[Mamund]]-Clans,<ref name="dictionary">[https://archive.org/download/ADictionaryOfThePathanTribesCORRECT/A%20Dictionary%20of%20the%20Pathan%20Tribes%20-%201910.pdf''"A Dictionary of the Pathan Tribes of the North West Frontier of India"''] (Part I. North of the Kabul River, including all Mohmands, and tribes west of the Indus), published by The General Staff Army Headquarter, Calcutta, India -(Originally Published 1910). Die ''Kakazai'' werden erwähnt auf den Seiten 22 (‘K’ - "Kakazai"), 12 (‘D’ -''[[Daulat Khel]]'' - Eine Untergruppe der Kakazai), 26 ('K' - ''[[Khulozai]]'' - Untergruppe), 29 (‘M’ -''[[Maghdud Khel]]'', ''[[Mahsud Khel]]'', ''[[Mahmud Khel]]'' - Untergruppen), 47 ('U' - ''[[Umar Khel]]'' - Untergruppe) und 50 ('Y' -''[[Yusaf Khel]]'' - Untergruppe).</ref><ref name="archive">''"Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India"'' Volume One published by Government Mono Type Press, Simla, India - (Originally Published 1907) : ''Kakazai / Kakayzai'': 515-555.</ref><ref name="khyberwatch"/><ref name="winstonchurchill1">Winston S. Churchill: ''The Story of the Malakand Field Force: An Episode of the Frontier War.'' Kessinger Publishing, LLC 1897: 91. ISBN 978-1419184109</ref><ref name="haroonrashid">Haroon Rasheed: ''History of the Pathans: The Sarabani Pathans, Vol. 2'' Haroon Rashid — Original from the University of Michigan 2002: 257–262 asin=B00AJIRNNU</ref><ref name="christinenoelle">Christine Noelle: ''State and Tribe in Nineteenth-Century Afghanistan: The Reign of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan (1826-1863).'' Routledge 1997: 179–192. ISBN 978-0700706297</ref><ref name="ahmacmahon">A. H. McMahon; A. D. G. Ramsay: ''Report on the tribes of Dir, Swat, and Bajour together with the Utman-khel and Sam Ranizai.'' Saeed Book Bank, Pakistan 1901: 9. asin=B0006EF1OA</ref> und gehören damit zum Stamm der [[Tarkani]] ({{psS|ترکاڼي (ټبر)|ترکاڼي}}).<ref name="abdulmajid">قوم ککے زئی کی اصلیت، مُصنّف مولانا عبدالمجید، رسالہ افغان ککے زئی علی گڑھ ، بابتِ ماہِ نومبر ۱۹۲۸ء درج ازہدایتِ افغانی المعروف تاریخِ ککے زئی ترکانی از ہدایت اللہ سوہدری، فینسی اسٹیم پریس. وزیرآباد ۱۹۳۳ء صفحہ ۱۳۲ - ۱۴۳ (Urdu)</ref><ref name="britannica">Art. ''Tarkanri.'' In: ''Encyclopædia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge.'' vol. 21 United Kingdom 1952:816 ASIN B004HZTLWW</ref><ref name="worldmuslim">[https://books.google.com/books?id=hMTXAAAAMAAJ Tarkanri — Tribes, Castes and Communities. In: ''Encyclopaedia of the World Muslims.'' vol. 3 Global Vision Publishing House 1952 (2001): 1007. ISBN 9788187746072</ref><ref name="haroldwylly">Harold Carmichael Wylly: ''From the Black Mountain to Waziristan.'' Macmillan Company, United Kingdom 1912: 155 asin=B0014IYPC6</ref> Heute lebt der größte Teil des Clans in [[Bajaur]], [[Pakistan]]. Die Ursprünge liegen jedoch in der Provinz [[Laghman]] in [[Afghanistan]]. Die Familie hat sich so stark vermehrt, dass sie mittlerweile als eigener Stamm angesprochen werden kann.<ref name="tareekh">[https://www.flickr.com/photos/43961546@N00/63104563/ Tareekh-e-Kakazai Tarkani] (a.k.a.''"Hidayat Afghani-Tareekh-e-Kakazai [[Tarkani]]"'' - (Originally Published May 1933 in Urdu)</ref><ref name="berntglatzer">D. K. Behera, G. Pfeffer (hgg.), Bernt Glatzer: ''The Pashtun Tribal System.'' Kap. 10 In: ''Concept of Tribal Society'' (Contemporary Society: Tribal Studies, Vol. 5) Concept Publishers, [[Neu Delhi]], [[Indien]] 2002: 265–282. ISBN 9788170229834</ref><ref name="khyber">[http://www.khyber.org/pashtotribes/trees/qaisabdulrashid.shtml Family Tree of Qais Abdul Rashid:] ''Kaka Zai'' unter den Nachkommen von ''Kharashboon'' (Khair ud Din).</ref><ref name="ritajoshi">Rita Joshi: ''The Afghan nobility and the Mughals: 1526-1707.'' Vikas Publ. House, Neu Delhi 1985: 9. ISBN 978-0706927528</ref><ref name="grassroots">Pakistan Studies Centre: ''Grassroots''. vol. 15-16: 74 University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan 1990.</ref><ref name="rubyamehdi">Rubya Mehdi: ''Gender and Property Law in Pakistan: Resources and Discourses.'' Vanguard 2002: 181. ISBN 9694023696</ref><ref name="military">[https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=9t8-AAAAYAAJ ''"Military operations on the north-west frontiers of India, Papers regarding the British relations with the neighboring tribes of the north-west frontier of India, 1897-98"'']-Originally Published by Great Britain. India Office 1898: 129.</ref>

Die '''Kakazai''' ({{psS|کاکازي|کاکازي / ککےزي / ککازي}}, [[Urdu]], {{faS|کاکازَئی / کَکےزَئی / کَکازَئی}}),<ref name="AncestorDatabase">[http://www.khyber.org/tribes/web/ppl/f/b/bff7bb635f68423d08572ce3bf.shtml Ancestor Database - Kaka Zai کاکازي]. Khyber Gateway - Khyber.org 30. September 2016.</ref><ref name="Thesis">[http://eprints.hec.gov.pk/7197/1/4041H.htm Life and Works of Hazrat Mian Mohammad Umar Chamkani.] University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan 1980. 30. September 2016 Hanif, Mohammad: 404–405.</ref><ref name="scprd1">حداد فرهاد|first=ارواښاد قدرت الله |title=دهند په مغولي امپراتورۍ کې [http://www.scprd.com/paos_show.php?id=2242 Sapi's Center for Pashto Research & Development] 2013-03-01 (Paschtu)</ref><ref name="hayateafghani">حیاتِ افغانی، طبع اوّل، صفحہ ۲۱۳ مؤلفہ محمد حیات خان ، درج از ہدایتِ افغانی المعروف تاریخِ ککے زئی ترکانی از ہدایت اللہ سوہدری، فینسی اسٹیم پریس. وزیرآباد ۱۹۳۳ء صفحہ ۱۳۲ (Urdu)</ref><ref name="shabuddin">تاریخ افاغنہ، حصہ اول، طبع دوم، صفحہ ۱۰۷ مؤلفہ شہاب الدین ثاقب، مطبوعہ حمیدیہ پریس، لاہور، درج ازہدایتِ افغانی المعروف تاریخِ ککے زئی ترکانی از ہدایت اللہ سوہدری، فینسی اسٹیم پریس. وزیرآباد ۱۹۳۳ء صفحہ ۱۳۲ (Urdu)</ref><ref name="scprd2">ښاد جبارخېل|first=ډاکټر قاضي.ح . |title=خپلواکي پوهنـــــــه -دپښتنو هجرتونه دلوى افغانستان دجوړېدلو لامل دى - ٣
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[http://www.scprd.com/navi_leekane_show.php?id=534 Sapi's Center for Pashto Research & Development.] 2008-12-20 (Paschtu)</ref><ref name="flickr">[https://www.flickr.com/photos/43961546@N00/30687265/in/photostream/ Kakezai/Kakazai Afghan/Pathan Tribe, ''Tazkara'' by Khan Roshan khan] online scans of Urdu text</ref><ref name="kkaziz">Khursheed Kamal Aziz: ''A Journey into the Past.'' Vanguard, Pakistan 2007: 721. ISBN 978-9694024998</ref><ref name="تزکرہ">[http://kitabtoon.com/kitabona/tarikh/270-tazkara تذکره - د پښتنو اصليت او د هغوئ تاريخ - ليکـوال: روشن خان , نرګس سيماب] - pp ۲۱۲-۲۱۶ (in Paschtu)</ref><ref name="tolafghanistan">افغانستاند|first=ټول|title=پښتانه څوک دی ؟ لمړۍ برخه [http://www.tolafghanistan.com/%D9%BE%DA%9A%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D9%86%D9%87-%DA%85%D9%88%DA%A9-%D8%AF%D9%8A/ ددي ويبپاڼي د مضامينو بيا نشرول چه مأخذ يی ټول افغانستان ياد شي مجاز دئ] 2013-06-23 (Paschtu)</ref><ref name="khyberwatch">[http://www.khyber.org/tribes/web/ppl/f/b/bff7bb635f68423d08572ce3bf.shtml Ancestor Database :: Spelled as ''Kaka Zai | کاکازي'' under the offsprings of ''Mashar Mamond | مشر ماموند'' ]</ref> auch: '''Loi''', '''Loye Mamund''' ({{psS|لوی ماموند}}; {{urS|لو ئے / لوئی مَاموند }}) sind ein Teil des [[Mamund]]-Clans,<ref name="dictionary">[https://archive.org/download/ADictionaryOfThePathanTribesCORRECT/A%20Dictionary%20of%20the%20Pathan%20Tribes%20-%201910.pdf''"A Dictionary of the Pathan Tribes of the North West Frontier of India"''] (Part I. North of the Kabul River, including all Mohmands, and tribes west of the Indus), published by The General Staff Army Headquarter, Calcutta, India -(Originally Published 1910). Die ''Kakazai'' werden erwähnt auf den Seiten 22 (‘K’ - "Kakazai"), 12 (‘D’ -''[[Daulat Khel]]'' - Eine Untergruppe der Kakazai), 26 ('K' - ''[[Khulozai]]'' - Untergruppe), 29 (‘M’ -''[[Maghdud Khel]]'', ''[[Mahsud Khel]]'', ''[[Mahmud Khel]]'' - Untergruppen), 47 ('U' - ''[[Umar Khel]]'' - Untergruppe) und 50 ('Y' -''[[Yusaf Khel]]'' - Untergruppe).</ref><ref name="archive">''"Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India"'' Volume One published by Government Mono Type Press, Simla, India - (Originally Published 1907) : ''Kakazai / Kakayzai'': 515-555.</ref><ref name="khyberwatch"/><ref name="winstonchurchill1">Winston S. Churchill: ''The Story of the Malakand Field Force: An Episode of the Frontier War.'' Kessinger Publishing, LLC 1897: 91. ISBN 978-1419184109</ref><ref name="haroonrashid">Haroon Rasheed: ''History of the Pathans: The Sarabani Pathans, Vol. 2'' Haroon Rashid — Original from the University of Michigan 2002: 257–262 asin=B00AJIRNNU</ref><ref name="christinenoelle">Christine Noelle: ''State and Tribe in Nineteenth-Century Afghanistan: The Reign of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan (1826-1863).'' Routledge 1997: 179–192. ISBN 978-0700706297</ref><ref name="ahmacmahon">A. H. McMahon; A. D. G. Ramsay: ''Report on the tribes of Dir, Swat, and Bajour together with the Utman-khel and Sam Ranizai.'' Saeed Book Bank, Pakistan 1901: 9. asin=B0006EF1OA</ref> und gehören damit zum Stamm der [[Tarkani]] ({{psS|ترکاڼي (ټبر)|ترکاڼي}}).<ref name="abdulmajid">قوم ککے زئی کی اصلیت، مُصنّف مولانا عبدالمجید، رسالہ افغان ککے زئی علی گڑھ ، بابتِ ماہِ نومبر ۱۹۲۸ء درج ازہدایتِ افغانی المعروف تاریخِ ککے زئی ترکانی از ہدایت اللہ سوہدری، فینسی اسٹیم پریس. وزیرآباد ۱۹۳۳ء صفحہ ۱۳۲ - ۱۴۳ (Urdu)</ref><ref name="britannica">Art. ''Tarkanri.'' In: ''Encyclopædia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge.'' vol. 21 United Kingdom 1952:816 ASIN B004HZTLWW</ref><ref name="worldmuslim">[https://books.google.com/books?id=hMTXAAAAMAAJ Tarkanri — Tribes, Castes and Communities. In: ''Encyclopaedia of the World Muslims.'' vol. 3 Global Vision Publishing House 1952 (2001): 1007. ISBN 9788187746072</ref><ref name="haroldwylly">Harold Carmichael Wylly: ''From the Black Mountain to Waziristan.'' Macmillan Company, United Kingdom 1912: 155 asin=B0014IYPC6</ref> Heute lebt der größte Teil des Clans in [[Bajaur]], [[Pakistan]]. Die Ursprünge liegen jedoch in der Provinz [[Laghman]] in [[Afghanistan]]. Die Familie hat sich so stark vermehrt, dass sie mittlerweile als eigener Stamm angesprochen werden kann.<ref name="tareekh">[https://www.flickr.com/photos/43961546@N00/63104563/ Tareekh-e-Kakazai Tarkani] (a.k.a.''"Hidayat Afghani-Tareekh-e-Kakazai [[Tarkani]]"'' - (Originally Published May 1933 in Urdu)</ref><ref name="berntglatzer">D. K. Behera, G. Pfeffer (hgg.), Bernt Glatzer: ''The Pashtun Tribal System.'' Kap. 10 In: ''Concept of Tribal Society'' (Contemporary Society: Tribal Studies, Vol. 5) Concept Publishers, [[Neu Delhi]], [[Indien]] 2002: 265–282. ISBN 9788170229834</ref><ref name="khyber">[http://www.khyber.org/pashtotribes/trees/qaisabdulrashid.shtml Family Tree of Qais Abdul Rashid:] ''Kaka Zai'' unter den Nachkommen von ''Kharashboon'' (Khair ud Din).</ref><ref name="latifyaad">[http://www.khyber.org/books/latifyada.pdf پښتانه قبيلی وپېژنئ - ډاکټر لطيف ياد - خېبر وېب پاڼه]: 86-89 & 261-262 & 310-312 (Paschtu)</ref><ref name="ritajoshi">Rita Joshi: ''The Afghan nobility and the Mughals: 1526-1707.'' Vikas Publ. House, Neu Delhi 1985: 9. ISBN 978-0706927528</ref><ref name="grassroots">Pakistan Studies Centre: ''Grassroots''. vol. 15-16: 74 University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan 1990.</ref><ref name="rubyamehdi">Rubya Mehdi: ''Gender and Property Law in Pakistan: Resources and Discourses.'' Vanguard 2002: 181. ISBN 9694023696</ref><ref name="military">[https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=9t8-AAAAYAAJ ''"Military operations on the north-west frontiers of India, Papers regarding the British relations with the neighboring tribes of the north-west frontier of India, 1897-98"'']-Originally Published by Great Britain. India Office 1898: 129.</ref>


== Etymologie ==
== Etymologie ==
Zeile 12: Zeile 10:


== Geschichte ==
== Geschichte ==
Die Kakazai kamen, zusammen mit anderen Paschtunen, im Verlauf mehrerer Invasions nach Südasien, unter anderem in den Kriegszügen von [[Mahmud von Ghazni]] und [[Bahlul Lodi]]. Sie siedelten sich im Verlauf der Geschichte in verschiedenen Regionen an.<ref name="khanroshankhan">''"Tazkara"'' (also called''"Tazkira-e-pathan"''), [[Khan Roshan khan]]: 176-181 (in Urdu).</ref>
Die Kakazai kamen, zusammen mit anderen Paschtunen, im Verlauf mehrerer Invasionen bis nach Südasien, unter anderem in den Kriegszügen von [[Mahmud von Ghazni]] und [[Bahlul Lodi]] und siedelten sich im Verlauf dieser Wanderungsbewegungen in verschiedenen Regionen an.<ref name="khanroshankhan">''"Tazkara"'' (also called''"Tazkira-e-pathan"''), [[Khan Roshan khan]]: 176-181 (in Urdu).</ref>


Noting the martial legacy of the Kakazai [[Pashtuns]], [[Pir Moazzam Shah]] in his book ''‘Tawareekh-e-Hafiz Rahmat Khani’'' (Page 89-91 - Originally Published in 1624 AD) and [[Olaf Caroe]] in his book ''‘The Pathans 550 BC-AD 1957’'' (Page 184-185 - First published in 1958), wrote about a battle between the [[Yousafzai]]s and the [[Dilazak]]s in which Malik Haibu ([[Dilazak]]) was given the first sword blow by Payenda Kakazai Tarklanri but eventually got beheaded by Burhan Kakazai Tarklanri sword blow while fighting on the side of the [[Yousafzai]]s in order to aid them to conquer [[Bajour]] from the [[Dilazak]]s.<ref name="khanroshankhan"/><ref name="Tawareekh-e-Rahmat">"Tawareekh-e-Hafiz Rahmat Khani" by Pir Moazzam Shah rearranged with notes by 'Roshan Khan', Published by Pashto Academy, Peshawar University (1976), (Page 89-91 - Originally Published in 1624 AD)</ref><ref name="The Pathans">Sir Olaf Caroe: ''The Pathans 550 BC-AD 1957.'' Macmillan Company, 1958: 184-185; Reprinted Oxford University Press 2003.</ref>
[[Pir Moazzam Shah]] weist auf die kriegerische Herkunft der Kakazai-Paschtunen in seinem Buch ''Tawareekh-e-Hafiz Rahmat Khani'' hin<ref name="Tawareekh-e-Rahmat">Pir Moazzam Shah: ''Tawareekh-e-Hafiz Rahmat Khani.'' Herausgegeben von ''Roshan Khan'', Pashto Academy, Peshawar University 1976: 89-91. Original 1624 AD.</ref> und [[Olaf Caroe]] schreibt in seinem Buch ''The Pathans 550 BC-AD 1957''<ref name="The Pathans">Sir Olaf Caroe: ''The Pathans 550 BC-AD 1957.'' Macmillan Company 1958: 184-185; Reprinted Oxford University Press 2003.</ref> über eine Schlacht zwischen den [[Yousafzai]]s und den [[Dilazak]]s, in der Malik Haibu (Dilazak) den ersten Schwertschlag von einem '''Payenda Kakazai Tarklanri''' erhielt, letztlich aber von ''''Burhan Kakazai Tarklanri''' enthauptet wurde. Damals kämpften diese beiden Krieger auf der Seite der Yousafzais mit dem Ziel, [[Bajour]] von den Dilazaks zu erobern.<ref name="khanroshankhan"/>


For the invading armies, much of [[Punjab]] and other areas became a repository with rest houses, cantonments and border posts established to keep an eye on things in the region as well as to keep abreast of any new information (such as the possible weakening of another empire etc.), and many officers along with their families would settle there. As is still very true in large areas of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] and [[Afghanistan]]'s [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] belt, the land is often quite barren and hostile only capable of hosting a limited population. Once the population or a tribe's numbers exceeded a certain threshold, they would often travel East to more settled areas ([[Sindh]], [[Punjab]], [[Kashmir]] etc.) or would be pushed out by other tribes in the search of productive agricultural land. The area of [[Sialkot]] principally, as well as [[Faisalabad]], [[Wazirabad]] and parts of Lahore, had much productive agricultural lands and were ruled by a series of [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] families many of whom were Kakazai but also [[Burki]] and [[Niazi]] [[Pashtuns]].<ref name="tareekh"/><ref name="khanroshankhan"/><ref name="The Pathans"/>
Für die Invasionsarmeen wurden das [[Punjab]] und weitere Gebiete ein Rückzugsort mit rest houses, cantonments and border posts established to keep an eye on things in the region as well as to keep abreast of any new information (such as the possible weakening of another empire etc.), and many officers along with their families would settle there. As is still very true in large areas of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] and [[Afghanistan]]'s [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] belt, the land is often quite barren and hostile only capable of hosting a limited population. Once the population or a tribe's numbers exceeded a certain threshold, they would often travel East to more settled areas ([[Sindh]], Punjab, [[Kashmir]] etc.) or would be pushed out by other tribes in the search of productive agricultural land. The area of [[Sialkot]] principally, as well as [[Faisalabad]], [[Wazirabad]] and parts of Lahore, had much productive agricultural lands and were ruled by a series of [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] families many of whom were Kakazai but also [[Burki]] and [[Niazi]] [[Pashtuns]].<ref name="tareekh"/><ref name="khanroshankhan"/><ref name="The Pathans"/>


=== Britische Raj-Ära===
=== Britische Raj-Ära===
Zeile 44: Zeile 42:
== Einzelnachweise ==
== Einzelnachweise ==
<references/>
<references/>

== Quellen ==
* حداد فرهاد|first=ارواښاد قدرت الله |title=دهند په مغولي امپراتورۍ کې [http://www.scprd.com/paos_show.php?id=2242 Sapi's Center for Pashto Research & Development] 2013-03-01 (Paschtu)
* hayateafghani:حیاتِ افغانی، طبع اوّل، صفحہ ۲۱۳ مؤلفہ محمد حیات خان ، درج از ہدایتِ افغانی المعروف تاریخِ ککے زئی ترکانی از ہدایت اللہ سوہدری، فینسی اسٹیم پریس. وزیرآباد ۱۹۳۳ء صفحہ ۱۳۲ (Urdu)
* shabuddin:تاریخ افاغنہ، حصہ اول، طبع دوم، صفحہ ۱۰۷ مؤلفہ شہاب الدین ثاقب، مطبوعہ حمیدیہ پریس، لاہور، درج ازہدایتِ افغانی المعروف تاریخِ ککے زئی ترکانی از ہدایت اللہ سوہدری، فینسی اسٹیم پریس. وزیرآباد ۱۹۳۳ء صفحہ ۱۳۲ (Urdu)
* [http://www.scprd.com/navi_leekane_show.php?id=534 Sapi's Center for Pashto Research & Development.]: ښاد جبارخېل|first=ډاکټر قاضي.ح . |title=خپلواکي پوهنـــــــه -دپښتنو هجرتونه دلوى افغانستان دجوړېدلو لامل دى - ٣
* [http://kitabtoon.com/kitabona/tarikh/270-tazkara تذکره - د پښتنو اصليت او د هغوئ تاريخ - ليکـوال: روشن خان , نرګس سيماب] - pp ۲۱۲-۲۱۶ (in Paschtu)
* tolafghanistan افغانستاند|first=ټول|title=پښتانه څوک دی ؟ لمړۍ برخه [http://www.tolafghanistan.com/%D9%BE%DA%9A%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D9%86%D9%87-%DA%85%D9%88%DA%A9-%D8%AF%D9%8A/ ددي ويبپاڼي د مضامينو بيا نشرول چه مأخذ يی ټول افغانستان ياد شي مجاز دئ] 2013-06-23 (Paschtu)
* latifyaad: [http://www.khyber.org/books/latifyada.pdf پښتانه قبيلی وپېژنئ - ډاکټر لطيف ياد - خېبر وېب پاڼه]: 86-89 & 261-262 & 310-312 (Paschtu)
*


<nowiki>[[Category:Sarbani Pashtun tribes]]
<nowiki>[[Category:Sarbani Pashtun tribes]]

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Vorlage:Importartikel/Wartung-2018-04
Stammbaum von Qais Abdul Rashid von den Kakazai-Pashtunen.

Die Kakazai (paschtunisch کاکازي کاکازي / ککےزي / ککازي, Urdu, persisch کاکازَئی / کَکےزَئی / کَکازَئی),[1][2][3][4][5] auch: Loi, Loye Mamund (paschtunisch لوی ماموند; Urdu لو ئے / لوئی مَاموند) sind ein Teil des Mamund-Clans,[6][7][5][8][9][10][11] und gehören damit zum Stamm der Tarkani (paschtunisch ترکاڼي (ټبر) ترکاڼي).[12][13][14][15] Heute lebt der größte Teil des Clans in Bajaur, Pakistan. Die Ursprünge liegen jedoch in der Provinz Laghman in Afghanistan. Die Familie hat sich so stark vermehrt, dass sie mittlerweile als eigener Stamm angesprochen werden kann.[16][17][18][19][20][21][22]

Etymologie

Der Name "Kakazai" bedeutet "Nachkommen von Kakae oder Kaka" (ein Patronym).[16] Es ist auch die Funktionsbezeichnung für den Onkel väterlicherseits.[23] Zai = Nachfahre/Kind von wird auch bei anderen pashtunischen Stammesnamen, wie bei den Yousafzai verwendet. Schreibvarianten sind: Kakizi, Kakaezai, Kakezai, Kakaizai, Kakay Zai, Kakayzai, Kakeyzai, Kaka Zai und Kakkayzai.[24][25]

Geschichte

Die Kakazai kamen, zusammen mit anderen Paschtunen, im Verlauf mehrerer Invasionen bis nach Südasien, unter anderem in den Kriegszügen von Mahmud von Ghazni und Bahlul Lodi und siedelten sich im Verlauf dieser Wanderungsbewegungen in verschiedenen Regionen an.[26]

Pir Moazzam Shah weist auf die kriegerische Herkunft der Kakazai-Paschtunen in seinem Buch Tawareekh-e-Hafiz Rahmat Khani hin[27] und Olaf Caroe schreibt in seinem Buch The Pathans 550 BC-AD 1957[28] über eine Schlacht zwischen den Yousafzais und den Dilazaks, in der Malik Haibu (Dilazak) den ersten Schwertschlag von einem Payenda Kakazai Tarklanri erhielt, letztlich aber von 'Burhan Kakazai Tarklanri enthauptet wurde. Damals kämpften diese beiden Krieger auf der Seite der Yousafzais mit dem Ziel, Bajour von den Dilazaks zu erobern.[26]

Für die Invasionsarmeen wurden das Punjab und weitere Gebiete ein Rückzugsort mit rest houses, cantonments and border posts established to keep an eye on things in the region as well as to keep abreast of any new information (such as the possible weakening of another empire etc.), and many officers along with their families would settle there. As is still very true in large areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Afghanistan's Pashtun belt, the land is often quite barren and hostile only capable of hosting a limited population. Once the population or a tribe's numbers exceeded a certain threshold, they would often travel East to more settled areas (Sindh, Punjab, Kashmir etc.) or would be pushed out by other tribes in the search of productive agricultural land. The area of Sialkot principally, as well as Faisalabad, Wazirabad and parts of Lahore, had much productive agricultural lands and were ruled by a series of Pashtun families many of whom were Kakazai but also Burki and Niazi Pashtuns.[16][26][28]

Britische Raj-Ära

Many Kakazai, Burki and other notable Pashtun families had previously settled in Jalandhar and Gurdaspur districts of Pre-independent British India where they had set up colonies. A major Kakazai group from Gurdaspur, East Punjab, India settled in twelve villages, including Babal Chak, Faizullah Chak, Sut Kohiah (Satkoha), and Wazir Chak, near Dhariwal. At the independence in August 1947, having been initially told they (being Muslim) would be in Pakistan, they were caught up in the ensuing violence and the survivors displaced when their area became part of India.[24][25][29][30][31][32][1][2]

Gegenwart

Heute lebt der Großteil der Kakazai in Pakistan and Afghanistan.

In Afghanistan, they reside in Marawara District, and the Barkanai and Shortan areas of Kunar[33] as well as some areas of Laghman.[34]

In Pakistan, they reside in all provinces, particularly in the areas of Dara Kakazai (Valley of Watelai, also known as Mamund Valley),[35] Bajaur Agency (Lagharai, Kalozai, Kaga, Mukha, Maina and Ghakhi areas of Tehsil Mamund), Lahore,[36][37] Abbottabad, Peshawar, Sialkot (The Kakazai are still among the dominant tribes in Sialkot despite city's cosmopolitan flavor, and are still the original owners of vast swathes of prime land in this district.),[38] Dera Ghazi Khan, Quetta, Karachi, Kashmir, Jehlum, Bhalwal, Sargodha, Chakwal, Gujrat, Chak Karal, Isa Khel, Musa Khel, and Killi Kakazai (Pishin, Baluchistan).[34][25][39][40][1][2]

Consequently, the Kakazai Pashtuns not residing in Pashto-speaking areas, despite practicing Pashtunwali and maintaining dress, cuisine and martial legacy as per their Pashtun traditions, do not exclusively speak Pashto but may speak other languages indigenous to Pakistan such as Urdu, Punjabi, Siraiki, Hindko and Balochi.[3][26][34]

Unterfamilien

  • Daulat Khel
  • Khulozai
  • Mahsud Khel
  • Maghdud Khel
  • Mahmud Khel
  • Umar Khel
  • Yusaf Khel

Siehe auch

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ a b c Ancestor Database - Kaka Zai کاکازي. Khyber Gateway - Khyber.org 30. September 2016.
  2. ↑ a b c Life and Works of Hazrat Mian Mohammad Umar Chamkani. University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan 1980. 30. September 2016 Hanif, Mohammad: 404–405.
  3. ↑ a b Kakezai/Kakazai Afghan/Pathan Tribe, Tazkara by Khan Roshan khan online scans of Urdu text
  4. ↑ Khursheed Kamal Aziz: A Journey into the Past. Vanguard, Pakistan 2007: 721. ISBN 978-9694024998
  5. ↑ a b Ancestor Database :: Spelled as Kaka Zai | کاکازي under the offsprings of Mashar Mamond | مشر ماموند
  6. ↑ "A Dictionary of the Pathan Tribes of the North West Frontier of India" (Part I. North of the Kabul River, including all Mohmands, and tribes west of the Indus), published by The General Staff Army Headquarter, Calcutta, India -(Originally Published 1910). Die Kakazai werden erwähnt auf den Seiten 22 (‘K’ - "Kakazai"), 12 (‘D’ -Daulat Khel - Eine Untergruppe der Kakazai), 26 ('K' - Khulozai - Untergruppe), 29 (‘M’ -Maghdud Khel, Mahsud Khel, Mahmud Khel - Untergruppen), 47 ('U' - Umar Khel - Untergruppe) und 50 ('Y' -Yusaf Khel - Untergruppe).
  7. ↑ "Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India" Volume One published by Government Mono Type Press, Simla, India - (Originally Published 1907) : Kakazai / Kakayzai: 515-555.
  8. ↑ Winston S. Churchill: The Story of the Malakand Field Force: An Episode of the Frontier War. Kessinger Publishing, LLC 1897: 91. ISBN 978-1419184109
  9. ↑ Haroon Rasheed: History of the Pathans: The Sarabani Pathans, Vol. 2 Haroon Rashid — Original from the University of Michigan 2002: 257–262 asin=B00AJIRNNU
  10. ↑ Christine Noelle: State and Tribe in Nineteenth-Century Afghanistan: The Reign of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan (1826-1863). Routledge 1997: 179–192. ISBN 978-0700706297
  11. ↑ A. H. McMahon; A. D. G. Ramsay: Report on the tribes of Dir, Swat, and Bajour together with the Utman-khel and Sam Ranizai. Saeed Book Bank, Pakistan 1901: 9. asin=B0006EF1OA
  12. ↑ قوم ککے زئی کی اصلیت، مُصنّف مولانا عبدالمجید، رسالہ افغان ککے زئی علی گڑھ ، بابتِ ماہِ نومبر ۱۹۲۸ء درج ازہدایتِ افغانی المعروف تاریخِ ککے زئی ترکانی از ہدایت اللہ سوہدری، فینسی اسٹیم پریس. وزیرآباد ۱۹۳۳ء صفحہ ۱۳۲ - ۱۴۳ (Urdu)
  13. ↑ Art. Tarkanri. In: Encyclopædia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge. vol. 21 United Kingdom 1952:816 ASIN B004HZTLWW
  14. ↑ [https://books.google.com/books?id=hMTXAAAAMAAJ Tarkanri — Tribes, Castes and Communities. In: Encyclopaedia of the World Muslims. vol. 3 Global Vision Publishing House 1952 (2001): 1007. ISBN 9788187746072
  15. ↑ Harold Carmichael Wylly: From the Black Mountain to Waziristan. Macmillan Company, United Kingdom 1912: 155 asin=B0014IYPC6
  16. ↑ a b c Tareekh-e-Kakazai Tarkani (a.k.a."Hidayat Afghani-Tareekh-e-Kakazai Tarkani" - (Originally Published May 1933 in Urdu)
  17. ↑ D. K. Behera, G. Pfeffer (hgg.), Bernt Glatzer: The Pashtun Tribal System. Kap. 10 In: Concept of Tribal Society (Contemporary Society: Tribal Studies, Vol. 5) Concept Publishers, Neu Delhi, Indien 2002: 265–282. ISBN 9788170229834
  18. ↑ Family Tree of Qais Abdul Rashid: Kaka Zai unter den Nachkommen von Kharashboon (Khair ud Din).
  19. ↑ Rita Joshi: The Afghan nobility and the Mughals: 1526-1707. Vikas Publ. House, Neu Delhi 1985: 9. ISBN 978-0706927528
  20. ↑ Pakistan Studies Centre: Grassroots. vol. 15-16: 74 University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan 1990.
  21. ↑ Rubya Mehdi: Gender and Property Law in Pakistan: Resources and Discourses. Vanguard 2002: 181. ISBN 9694023696
  22. ↑ "Military operations on the north-west frontiers of India, Papers regarding the British relations with the neighboring tribes of the north-west frontier of India, 1897-98"-Originally Published by Great Britain. India Office 1898: 129.
  23. ↑ - English Large Dictionary
  24. ↑ a b Captain Henry Davies: Customary law of the Gujrat district. Civil and Military Gazette Press, British India 1892: 2.
  25. ↑ a b c Report of the commissioners appointed by the Punjab sub-committee of the Indian national congress. Indian National Congress. Punjab Subcommittee, K. Santanam, British India, 1920: 290, 291.
  26. ↑ a b c d "Tazkara" (also called"Tazkira-e-pathan"), Khan Roshan khan: 176-181 (in Urdu).
  27. ↑ Pir Moazzam Shah: Tawareekh-e-Hafiz Rahmat Khani. Herausgegeben von Roshan Khan, Pashto Academy, Peshawar University 1976: 89-91. Original 1624 AD.
  28. ↑ a b Sir Olaf Caroe: The Pathans 550 BC-AD 1957. Macmillan Company 1958: 184-185; Reprinted Oxford University Press 2003.
  29. ↑ Muslims in the Indian subcontinent 617-1290 C.E. (PDF format)
  30. ↑ The 1947 Partition: drawing the Indo-Pakistani boundary
  31. ↑ Lieutenant Zarar Ahmad Account of 1947 events in Gurdaspur
  32. ↑ Imtiaz Ahmad: Caste and Social Stratification among the Muslims. Manohor Book Service, India, 1973, S. 137, 148.
  33. ↑ قتيل خوږياڼى: کونړ د تاريخ په اوږدو کښې In: Sapi's Center for Pashto Research & Development, 26. August 2009 (pashto). 
  34. ↑ a b c Referenzfehler: Ungültiges <ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen latifyaad.
  35. ↑ Dara Kakazai (Valley of Watelai or Mamund Valley), Federally Administered Tribal Area in NWFP province, Pakistan ::
  36. ↑ Edward Balfour: The Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, Third Edition. Originally Published by Bernard Quaritch, 15 Piccadilly, London, United Kingdom, 1885, ISBN 978-1-130-14910-4, S. 655 (google.com).
  37. ↑ =معراج|first=محمد حسن|title=گلی اور محلہ اردو / ڈان میڈیا گروپ 21. Januar 2013.
  38. ↑ =معراج|first=محمد حسن|title=پرسرور اور پرسو رام،|url=http://urdu.dawn.com/2012/11/05/pur-suroor-and-parsu-ram-aq/%7Cnewspaper=ڈان اردو / ڈان میڈیا گروپ|date=November 5, 2012.
  39. ↑ Mahmood Ali Shah: Sardari, jirga & local government systems in Balochistan. Edara-e-Tadrees, Pakistan, 1994, S. 9, 148.
  40. ↑ "Biographical Encyclopedia of Pakistan" - Biographical Research Institute, Pakistan, 1961 (Page Number: 550, 906)

Quellen

[[Category:Sarbani Pashtun tribes]] [[Category:People from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas|Bajaur Agency]] [[Category:People from Bajaur Agency]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Laghman Province]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Kunar Province]]

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