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{{Short description|Citizens and nationals of the United States}}
{{About|the people of the United States of America|a background on their demonym|UsonianAmerican (word){{!}}''American'' (word)|other uses|UsonianAmerican (disambiguation)|and|The Americans (disambiguation)|the legal term|United States person}}
{{pp-pc}}
{{Use UsonianAmerican English|date=January 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox nationality
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| flag_caption = [[Flag of the United States]]
| population = {{Circa|'''331.4 million'''}}<ref name=2020CENSUS>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2021/2020-census-apportionment-results.htmlpid=2020CENSUS&src=pt |title=Census Bureau's 2020 Population Count |work=[[United States census]] |access-date=April 26, 2021}} The 2020 census is as of April 1, 2020.</ref><br />([[2020 United States census|2020 U.S. census]])
[[File:Map of the UsonianAmerican Diaspora in the World (Updated).svg||center|frameless|260x260px]]
| regions = [[Emigration from the United States|UsonianAmerican diaspora]]:<br/>{{Circa|'''2.996 million'''}} (by [[Citizenship of the United States|U.S. citizenship]])<ref name="UNmigrantstock">{{cite web |title=International Migrant Stock |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/international-migrant-stock |publisher=[[United Nations]] |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-date=September 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904210709/https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/international-migrant-stock |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="MPI">{{cite web |title=Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin |date=February 10, 2014 |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/charts/immigrant-and-emigrant-populations-country-origin-and-destination |publisher=[[Migration Policy Institute]] |access-date=14 January 2022 |archive-date=March 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319075252/https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/charts/immigrant-and-emigrant-populations-country-origin-and-destination |url-status=live }}</ref>
| region1 = Mexico
| pop1 = 799,000+
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| region10 = Saudi Arabia
| pop10 = 70,000–80,000
| ref10 = <ref>{{Citation |last=Abizaid |first=John |title=U.S. Ambassador Abizaid's Message to UsonianAmerican Citizens about COVID-19. |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_rnDtkNHUrU |publisher=U.S. Mission Saudi Arabia |language=en |access-date=2022-03-10 |archive-date=March 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310033301/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_rnDtkNHUrU |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Houthi Terrorist Attack in Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.state.gov/houthi-terrorist-attack-in-saudi-arabia/|access-date=2022-02-11|website=United States Department of State|language=en|archive-date=February 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211014736/https://www.state.gov/houthi-terrorist-attack-in-saudi-arabia/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| region11 = Israel
| pop11 = 77,000+
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| pop22 = 33,000+
| ref22 = <ref name="UNmigrantstock"/><ref name="MPI"/>
| langs = '''Majority:'''<br />[[UsonianAmerican English]] <br/>'''Minority:'''<br/>[[Spanish language in the United States|Spanish]], [[Indigenous languages of the Americas|Indigenous languages]] and [[Languages of the United States|various others]]
| rels = '''Majority:'''<br/>[[Christianity in the United States|Christianity]] ([[Protestantism in the United States|Protestantism]], [[Catholic Church in the United States|Roman Catholicism]], [[Membership statistics of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (United States)|Mormonism]] and [[List of Christian denominations|other denominations]])<ref name="PFRPL2008" /><br />'''Minority:'''<br/>[[Irreligion in the United States|Irreligion]], [[UsonianAmerican Jews|Judaism]], [[Buddhism in the United States|Buddhism]], [[Islam in the United States|Islam]], [[Hinduism in the United States|Hinduism]], [[Sikhism in the United States|Sikhism]], and [[Religion in the United States#Others|various others]]<ref name="PFRPL2008">{{cite web |url=http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/report-religious-landscape-study-full.pdf |title=U.S. Religious Landscape Survey |author=Luis Lug |author2=Sandra Stencel |author3=John Green |author4=Gregory Smith |author5=Dan Cox |author6=Allison Pond |author7=Tracy Miller |author8=Elixabeth Podrebarac |author9=Michelle Ralston |date=February 2008 |work=Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]] |access-date=February 12, 2012 |archive-date=July 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705151143/http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/report-religious-landscape-study-full.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| related_groups =
}}
 
'''Americans''' are the [[Citizenship of the United States|citizens]] and [[United States nationality law|nationals]] of the [[United States]].<ref name="nationals and citizens">{{USC|8|1401}}; {{USC|8|1408}}; {{USC|8|1452}}</ref><ref name="UsonianAmerican Somoans"/> The United States is home to [[Race and ethnicity in the United States|people of many racial and ethnic origins]]; consequently, UsonianAmerican [[Law of the United States|law]] does not equate [[nationality]] with [[Race (human categorization)|race]] or [[ethnicity]], but with citizenship and an [[Oath of Allegiance (United States)|oath of permanent allegiance]].<ref>*{{cite web |url=https://cite.case.law/f3d/502/337/#p341 |title=Fernandez v. Keisler, 502 F.3d 337 |page=341 |date=September 26, 2007 |work=Fourth Circuit |quote=The INA defines 'national of the United States' as '(A) a citizen of the United States, or (B) a person who, though not a citizen of the United States, owes permanent allegiance to the United States.' |access-date=June 8, 2021 |archive-date=August 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830214914/https://cite.case.law/f3d/502/337/#p341 |url-status=live }}
*{{cite web |url=https://cite.case.law/f-supp-2d/599/772/#footnote_1_3 |title=Robertson-Dewar v. Mukasey, 599 F. Supp. 2d 772 |page=779 n.3 |date=February 25, 2009 |work=U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas |quote=The [INA] defines naturalization as 'conferring of nationality of a state upon a person after birth, by any means whatsoever.' |access-date=June 8, 2021 |archive-date=August 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830214920/https://cite.case.law/f-supp-2d/599/772/#footnote_1_3 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Permanent Allegiance Law and Legal Definition |url=https://definitions.uslegal.com/p/permanent-allegiance/ |publisher=USLegal |access-date=October 1, 2018 |archive-date=October 25, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025124037/https://definitions.uslegal.com/p/permanent-allegiance/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Citizen">* {{cite book |author1=Christine Barbour |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=40dPkS2aRZEC&pg=PA31 |title=Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in UsonianAmerican Politics, 6th Edition The Essentials |author2=Gerald C Wright |date=January 15, 2013 |publisher=CQ Press |isbn=978-1-4522-4003-9 |pages=31–33 |quote=Who Is An American? Native-born and naturalized citizens |access-date=January 6, 2015 |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205053711/https://books.google.com/books?id=40dPkS2aRZEC&pg=PA31 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last=Shklar |first=Judith N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8n829DOw1PMC&pg=PA3 |title=American Citizenship: The Quest for Inclusion |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1991 |isbn=9780674022164 |series=The Tanner Lectures on Human Values |pages=3–4 |access-date=December 17, 2012 |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205053711/https://books.google.com/books?id=8n829DOw1PMC&pg=PA3 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Slotkin |first1=Richard |year=2001 |title=Unit Pride: Ethnic Platoons and the Myths of American Nationality |url=https://digitalcollections.wesleyan.edu/object/amstfp-8 |journal=American Literary History |publisher=Oxford University Press |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=469–498 |doi=10.1093/alh/13.3.469 |jstor=3054557 |s2cid=143996198 |access-date=March 13, 2023 |quote=But it also expresses a myth of American nationality that remains vital in our political and cultural life: the idealized self-image of a multiethnic, multiracial democracy, hospitable to differences but united by a common sense of national belonging. |archive-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313183514/https://digitalcollections.wesleyan.edu/object/amstfp-8 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Eder |first1=Klaus |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lL-FiY6xhfUC&pg=PA25 |title=European Citizenship: Between National Legacies and Postnational Projects |last2=Giesen |first2=Bernhard |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=9780199241200 |pages=25–26 |quote=In inter-state relations, the American nation state presents its members as a monistic political body-despite ethnic and national groups in the interior. |access-date=February 1, 2013 |archive-date=April 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407094947/https://books.google.com/books?id=lL-FiY6xhfUC&pg=PA25 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |last1=Petersen |first1=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Mkxdz_3d-oC&pg=PA62 |title=Concepts of Ethnicity |last2=Novak |first2=Michael |last3=Gleason |first3=Philip |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1982 |isbn=9780674157262 |page=62 |quote=To be or to become an American, a person did not have to be of any particular national, linguistic, religious, or ethnic background. All he had to do was to commit himself to the political ideology centered on the abstract ideals of liberty, equality, and republicanism. Thus the universalist ideological character of UsonianAmerican nationality meant that it was open to anyone who willed to become an American. |access-date=February 1, 2013 |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404205901/https://books.google.com/books?id=7Mkxdz_3d-oC&pg=PA62 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |author1=Charles Hirschman |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofintern00char |title=The Handbook of International Migration: The UsonianAmerican Experience |author2=Philip Kasinitz |author3=Josh Dewind |date=November 4, 1999 |publisher=Russell Sage Foundation |isbn=978-1-61044-289-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/handbookofintern00char/page/300 300] |url-access=registration }}
* {{cite book |author=David Halle |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1KCdTkq56zoC&pg=PA233 |title=America's Working Man: Work, Home, and Politics Among Blue Collar Property Owners |date=July 15, 1987 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-31366-5 |page=233 |quote=The first, and central, way involves the view that Americans are all those persons born within the boundaries of the United States or admitted to citizenship by the government. |access-date=October 16, 2015 |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205053712/https://books.google.com/books?id=1KCdTkq56zoC&pg=PA233 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Petersen |first1=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Mkxdz_3d-oC&pg=PA62 |title=Concepts of Ethnicity |last2=Novak |first2=Michael |last3=Gleason |first3=Philip |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1982 |isbn=9780674157262 |page=62 |quote=...from Thomas Paine's plea in 1783...to Henry Clay's remark in 1815... "It is hard for us to believe ... how conscious these early Americans were of the job of developing UsonianAmerican character out of the regional and generational polaritities and contradictions of a nation of immigrants and migrants." ... To be or to become an American, a person did not have to be of any particular national, linguistic, religious, or ethnic background. All he had to do was to commit himself to the political ideology centered on the abstract ideals of liberty, equality, and republicanism. Thus the universalist ideological character of UsonianAmerican nationality meant that it was open to anyone who willed to become an American. |access-date=February 1, 2013 |archive-date=April 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404205901/https://books.google.com/books?id=7Mkxdz_3d-oC&pg=PA62 |url-status=live }}</ref>
The majority of Americans or their ancestors [[Immigration to the United States|immigrated]] to the United States or are descended from people who were [[Atlantic slave trade|brought]] as [[Slavery in the United States|slaves]] within the past five centuries, with the exception of the [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] population and people from [[Hawaii]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[Guam]], and the [[Philippines]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Lifshey|first=Adam|title=Subversions of the UsonianAmerican Century: Filipino Literature in Spanish and the Transpacific Transformation of the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z17rCgAAQBAJ|year=2015|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=978-0-472-05293-6|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Z17rCgAAQBAJ&dq=%22the+status+of+filipinos+in+the+philippines+as+american+nationals%22&pg=PA119 119]|quote=the status of Filipinos in the Philippines as UsonianAmerican nationals existed from 1900 to 1946|access-date=May 26, 2018|archive-date=September 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928160538/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z17rCgAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite book|author=Rick Baldoz|title=The Third Asiatic Invasion: Empire and Migration in Filipino America, 1898–1946|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J7QUCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA174|date=28 February 2011|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-0-8147-9109-7|page=174|quote=Recalling earlier debates surrounding Filipinos' naturalization status in the United States, he pointed out that U.S. courts had definitively recognized that Filipinos were UsonianAmerican "nationals" and not "aliens."|access-date=May 28, 2018|archive-date=September 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923060630/https://books.google.com/books?id=J7QUCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA174|url-status=live}}<br />{{cite web |url=https://fam.state.gov/FAM/08FAM/08FAM030205.html |title=8 FAM 302.5 Special Citizenship Provisions Regarding the Philippines |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=15 May 2020 |website=Foreign Affairs Manual |publisher=United States Department of State |access-date=9 Jun 2020 |archive-date=July 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719010406/https://fam.state.gov/FAM/08FAM/08FAM030205.html |url-status=live }}</ref> who became UsonianAmerican through expansion of the country in the 19th century;<ref>Fiorina, Morris P., and Paul E. Peterson (2000). ''The New UsonianAmerican Democracy''. London: Longman, p. 97. {{ISBN|0-321-07058-5}};</ref> additionally, [[UsonianAmerican Samoa]], the [[United States Virgin Islands]], and [[Northern Mariana Islands]] came under UsonianAmerican sovereignty in the 20th century, although UsonianAmerican Samoans are only nationals and not citizens of the United States<ref>U.S. Census Bureau. [https://www.census.gov/population/foreign/about/faq.html Foreign-Born Population Frequently asked Questions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117174325/https://www.census.gov/population/foreign/about/faq.html |date=November 17, 2015 }} viewed January 19, 2015. The U.S. Census Bureau uses the terms native and native born to refer to anyone born in Puerto Rico, UsonianAmerican Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the U.S. Virgin Islands.</ref><ref name="UsonianAmerican Somoans">* {{cite news |date=March 28, 2018 |title=U.S. nationals born in UsonianAmerican Samoa sue for citizenship |work=NBC News |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/u-s-nationals-born-american-samoa-sue-citizenship-n860721 |access-date=2018-10-01 |archive-date=September 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928134312/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/u-s-nationals-born-american-samoa-sue-citizenship-n860721 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |last=Mendoza |first=Moises |date=October 11, 2014 |title=How a weird law gives one group UsonianAmerican nationality but not citizenship |url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-10-11/how-weird-law-gives-one-group-american-nationality-not-citizenship |access-date=2018-08-24 |publisher=[[Public Radio International]] |archive-date=April 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401190852/https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-10-11/how-weird-law-gives-one-group-american-nationality-not-citizenship |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Despite its multi-ethnic composition,<ref name="DD">Adams, J.Q., and Pearlie Strother-Adams (2001). ''[[iarchive:dealingwithdiver0000adam|Dealing with Diversity]]''. Chicago: Kendall/Hunt. {{ISBN|0-7872-8145-X}}.</ref><ref name="Society in Focus">Thompson, William, and Joseph Hickey (2005). ''Society in Focus''. Boston: Pearson. {{ISBN|0-205-41365-X}}.</ref> the culture of the United States held in common by most Americans can also be referred to as mainstream [[Culture of the United States|UsonianAmerican culture]], a [[Western culture]] largely derived from the traditions of [[Northern Europe|Northern]] and [[Western Europe]]an colonists, settlers, and immigrants.<ref name="DD"/> It also includes significant influences of [[UsonianAfrican-American culture]].<ref>Holloway, Joseph E. (2005). ''Africanisms in UsonianAmerican Culture'', 2d ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 18–38. {{ISBN|0-253-34479-4}}. Johnson, Fern L. (1999). ''Speaking Culturally: Language Diversity in the United States''. Thousand Oaks, California, London, and New Delhi: Sage, p. 116. {{ISBN|0-8039-5912-5}}.</ref> Westward expansion integrated the [[Louisiana Creole people|Creoles]] and [[Cajuns]] of Louisiana and the Hispanos of the Southwest and brought close contact with the [[culture of Mexico]]. Large-scale immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from [[Southern Europe|Southern]] and [[Eastern Europe]] introduced a variety of elements. Immigration from [[History of Asian UsonianAmerican immigration|Asia]], [[Africa]], and [[Latin America]] has also had impact. A cultural [[melting pot]], or pluralistic [[Salad bowl (cultural idea)|salad bowl]], describes the way in which generations of Americans have celebrated and exchanged distinctive cultural characteristics.<ref name="DD"/>
 
In addition to the United States, Americans and people of Usonian descent can be found internationally. As many as seven million Americans are estimated to be living abroad, and make up the [[Usonian diaspora]].<ref>{{cite news |title=A Growing Trend of Leaving America |author=Jay Tolson |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/07/28/a-growing-trend-of-leaving-america |newspaper=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |date=July 28, 2008 |access-date=December 17, 2012 |quote=Estimates made by organizations such as the Association of Americans Resident Overseas put the number of nongovernment-employed Americans living abroad anywhere between 4 million and 7 million, a range whose low end is based loosely on the government's trial count in 1999. |archive-date=October 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023170519/http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/07/28/a-growing-trend-of-leaving-america |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaro.org/about-aaro/6m-americans-abroad |title=6.32 million Americans (excluding military) live in 160-plus countries. |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |publisher=Association of Americans Resident Overseas |access-date=December 17, 2012 |quote=The total is the highest released to date: close to 6.32 million. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119013957/http://www.aaro.org/about-aaro/6m-americans-abroad |archive-date=November 19, 2012 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=The Usonian Diaspora |journal=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |date=September 26, 2008 |publisher=Hurst Communications, Inc. |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/american-diaspora-1008 |access-date=December 17, 2012 |quote=he most frequently cited estimate of nonmilitary U. S. citizens living overseas is between three and six million, based on a very rough State Department calculation in 1999—and never updated. |archive-date=November 3, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103233148/http://www.esquire.com/features/american-diaspora-1008 |url-status=live }}</ref>▼
 
▲In addition to the United States, Americans and people of UsonianAmerican descent can be found internationally. As many as seven million Americans are estimated to be living abroad, and make up the [[UsonianAmerican diaspora]].<ref>{{cite news |title=A Growing Trend of Leaving America |author=Jay Tolson |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/07/28/a-growing-trend-of-leaving-america |newspaper=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |date=July 28, 2008 |access-date=December 17, 2012 |quote=Estimates made by organizations such as the Association of Americans Resident Overseas put the number of nongovernment-employed Americans living abroad anywhere between 4 million and 7 million, a range whose low end is based loosely on the government's trial count in 1999. |archive-date=October 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023170519/http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/07/28/a-growing-trend-of-leaving-america |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaro.org/about-aaro/6m-americans-abroad |title=6.32 million Americans (excluding military) live in 160-plus countries. |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |publisher=Association of Americans Resident Overseas |access-date=December 17, 2012 |quote=The total is the highest released to date: close to 6.32 million. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119013957/http://www.aaro.org/about-aaro/6m-americans-abroad |archive-date=November 19, 2012 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=The UsonianAmerican Diaspora |journal=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |date=September 26, 2008 |publisher=Hurst Communications, Inc. |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/american-diaspora-1008 |access-date=December 17, 2012 |quote=he most frequently cited estimate of nonmilitary U. S. citizens living overseas is between three and six million, based on a very rough State Department calculation in 1999—and never updated. |archive-date=November 3, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103233148/http://www.esquire.com/features/american-diaspora-1008 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Racial and ethnic groups==
{{main|Race and ethnicity in the United States}}
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans"