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In 800, Charlemagne was crowned as emperor in Rome by [[Pope Leo III]]. While historians debate about the exact significance of the coronation, the title represented the height of the prestige and authority he had achieved. Charlemagne's position as the first emperor in the West in over 300 years brought him into conflict with the contemporary [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman Empire]] based in Constantinople. Through his assumption of the imperial title, he is considered the forerunner of the line of Holy Roman Emperors that lasted into the nineteenth century. As king and emperor, Charlemagne engaged in a number of reforms in administration, law, education, military organization, and religion which shaped Europe for centuries. The stability of his reign saw the beginning of a period of significant cultural activity known as the [[Carolingian Renaissance]].
Charlemagne died in 814, and was laid to rest in the [[Aachen Cathedral]], within his imperial capital city [[Aachen]]. He was succeeded by his only surviving son [[Louis the Pious]]. After Louis, the Frankish kingdom would be divided, eventually coalescing into [[West Francia|West]] and [[East Francia]], which would respectively become [[Kingdom of France|France]] and the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. Charlemagne's profound impact on the Middle Ages, and the influence on the vast territory he ruled has led him to be called the "Father of Europe". He is seen as a folk hero and founding figure by multiple European states, and a number of historical royal houses of Europe trace their lineage back to him. Charlemagne has been the subject of artworks, monuments and literature, during and after the medieval period, and has received [[Beatification|veneration]] in the Catholic Church.
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