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{{short description|British art historian (born 1949)}}
{{for|the Dean of Lichfield|Nicholas Penny (priest)}}
{{more footnotes|date=December 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=
{{Use British English|date=August 2012}}
{{Infobox person
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| name = Nicholas Penny
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|12|21|df=y}}
| birth_place =
|
| alma_mater = {{Nowrap|[[St Catharine's College, Cambridge]]<br>[[The Courtauld Institute of Art]]}}
| employer = [[Clare Hall, Cambridge]]<br>[[Manchester University]]<br>[[Oxford University]]<br>[[King's College, Cambridge]]<br>[[Ashmolean Museum]]<br>[[Balliol College, Oxford]]<br>[[National Gallery]]<br>[[National Gallery of Art]]
| nationality = British
| occupation = [[Art historian]]
| spouse = Mary Crettier
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==Early life==
Penny was educated at [[Shrewsbury School]] before he studied English at [[St Catharine's College, Cambridge]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sir Nicholas Penny {{!}} Directors {{!}} National Gallery, London|url=https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/about-us/organisation/director/sir-nicholas-penny|access-date=2018-03-06|website=www.nationalgallery.org.uk|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-01-03|title=Breakfast with the FT: Nicholas Penny|url=https://www.ft.com/content/a9fe6d34-699e-11e3-89ce-00144feabdc0|access-date=2020-11-08|website=www.ft.com|language=en-GB}}</ref> He then
==Career==
Penny's academic career began with a research fellowship at [[Clare Hall, Cambridge]], after which he went on to teach [[art history]] at [[Manchester University]]. While still in his early thirties, Penny was appointed to the [[Slade Professor of Fine Art|Slade Professorship]] at [[Oxford University]] and to a senior research fellowship at [[King's College, Cambridge]]. He was the co-author, with [[Francis Haskell]], of ''Taste and the Antique'', a study of the formation of the canon of [[classical sculpture]] published in 1984.
Between 1984 and 1989 Penny was keeper of the department of [[Western art]] at the [[Ashmolean Museum]], [[Oxford]] and professorial fellow of [[Balliol College, Oxford]]. In 1990 he began a long association with the [[National Gallery]], joining the institution as Clore Curator of Renaissance Painting. Shortly afterwards, in 1991, he identified the ''[[Madonna of the Pinks]]'' belonging to the [[Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland|Duke of Northumberland]] as a genuine [[Raphael]], and not a copy of a lost original as was previously supposed. The painting came to public prominence in 2002 when the Gallery undertook a major fundraising campaign in order to prevent the painting's sale to the [[Getty Center]] in [[Los Angeles]]. Earlier that year Penny made an unsuccessful bid for the directorship of the National Gallery, the post going to [[Charles Saumarez Smith]]. Again in 2002, Penny was appointed senior curator of sculpture at the [[National Gallery of Art]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] Following Saumarez Smith's early resignation from his post, Penny was once again a candidate for heading the London National Gallery, and this time he succeeded.
During his time as Director, Penny worked with the [[National Galleries of Scotland]] to help secure for the nation two of Titian's paintings: ''[[Diana and Actaeon (Titian)|Diana and Actaeon]]'' and ''[[Diana and Callisto]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2014-06-23|title=Nicholas Penny Steps Down from London's National Gallery|url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/nicholas-penny-steps-down-from-londons-national-gallery-46369|access-date=2020-11-08|website=artnet News|language=en-US}}</ref> He also oversaw the Gallery's first major acquisition of an American painting, ''[[Men of the Docks]]'' by [[George Bellows]].<ref name=":0" /> The Gallery broke its record attendance under
Penny is a regular contributor to ''[[The Burlington Magazine]]'' and the ''[[London Review of Books]]''. He has also published books, exhibition catalogues, and articles on picture frames and Italian Renaissance painting, and on Raphael, Sir Joshua Reynolds, and Richard Payne Knight.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nicholas Penny|url=https://www.nga.gov/press/biographies/bios-penny.html|access-date=2020-11-08|website=www.nga.gov}}</ref>
== Personal life ==
Penny has twin daughters.
== Bibliography ==
* ''Church Monuments in Romantic England'' (Yale University Press, 1977). {{ISBN|978-0300020755}}.
*
* ''Catalogue of European Sculpture in the Ashmolean Museum, 1540 to the Present Day'', 3 vols. (Clarendon Press, 1992). {{ISBN|978-0199513567}}.
*
== References ==
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==Sources==
*{{cite news |first=Fiona |last=Maddocks |title=The National Gallery finds the right man |newspaper=[[
*{{cite news |first=Jonathan |last=Jones
*{{cite news |first=Charlotte |last=Higgins
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060909052036/http://www.nga.gov/press/2002/releases/nga_staff/penny.shtm 2002 press release from the National Gallery of Art on Penny's appointment as Senior Curator of Sculpture]
*[http://web.balliol.ox.ac.uk/news/index.asp Balliol College News mentioning quondam fellowship of the college and appointment to the National Gallery]
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{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Penny, Nicholas}}
[[Category:20th-century British male writers]]
[[Category:British art historians]]
[[Category:British curators]]
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[[Category:Slade Professors of Fine Art (University of Oxford)]]
[[Category:Fellows of King's College London]]
[[Category:Slade Professors of Fine Art (University of Cambridge)]]
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