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The '''''Barzaz Breiz''''' ("The Ballads of Brittany": Barz is the equivalent of "bard" and Breiz means "Brittany") is a collection of [[Brittany|Breton]] popular songs collected by [[Theodore Claude Henri, Vicomte Hersart de la Villemarque|Théodore Hersart de la Villemarqué]] and published in [[1839]]. It was compiled from oral tradition and preserves traditional folk tales, legends and music. Hersart de la Villemarqué grew up in the manor of Plessix in Nizon, near [[Pont-Aven]], and was half Breton himself. ▼
[[Image:Noménoë (Tenniel).png|thumb|''Nominoe's Vow'', an illustration to the English translation of Barzaz Breiz, depicting the early Breton leader [[Nominoe]] vowing vengeance on the Franks for killing a Breton emissary]]
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==Significance==
The collection was published in the original [[Breton language]] with a French translation. It achieved a wide distribution, as the [[Romanticism|Romantic]] generation in France that "discovered" the [[Basque language]] was beginning to be curious about all the submerged cultures of Europe and the pagan survivals just under the surface of folk Catholicism. The ''Barzaz Breiz'' brought Breton folk culture for the first time into European awareness. One of the oldest of the collected songs was the legend of [[Ys]]. The book was also notable for the fact that La Villemarqué recorded the music of the ballads as well as the words. This was one of the first attempts to collect and print Breton traditional music, except
Until this publication the so-called
The book is divided into two parts. The first part collects ballads about historical legends and heroic deeds of Breton leaders, including [[Nominoe]], [[Erispoe]] and the warriors of the [[Combat of the Thirty]]. The second part records local culture, concentrating on religious festivals and seasonal events.
==Authenticity==
The publication of traditional folk literature was controversial at this time because of the dispute about the most famous of such collections, [[James
The dispute continued into the twentieth century. In 1907 La Villemarque's son, Pierre de la Villemarqué, published a defence of his father's work. However, in 1960 Francis Gourvil argued in a PhD thesis that the ''Barzaz Breiz'' was a forgery.
==Editions==
[[File:Millais combat.jpg|thumb|[[Jean de Beaumanoir]]'s knights kneel in prayer before combat. Illustration by [[John Everett Millais|J.E. Millais]] to [[Tom Taylor]]'s version of ''Barzaz Breiz'']]The first edition was published in 1839 in Paris by Éditions Delloye, in the form of books in 2 °-8. Reprinted in 1840, 1845 and, at Didier et Cie, 1846, the book was then published in 1867 in Paris.
In 1865 the standard English translation by [[Tom Taylor]] was published under the title ''Ballads and Songs of Brittany''. The edition contained some of the original melodies "harmonized by Mrs. Tom Taylor"
The 1867 edition was subsequently reprinted many times to the present day by the academic library Perrin, not counting the many English translations (Taylor, Fleay ... ), German (Keller-Seckendorf. ... ), Italian (Pascoli), Polish, and so on.
In 1981 a new edition appeared in pocket-sized format.
In 1989 Mouladurioù Hor Yezh issued a ''
In 1996, Coop Breizh published a pocket version of the book in French without the Breton text.
In 1999, Editions du Layeur issued a reprint of the 1867 edition, by [[Yann-Fañch Kemener]], singer and collector, plus the foreword to the 1845 edition. The main merit is that he put Breton and French versions of each poem together ensuring a very high readability. A compact disc accompanies the book provides a performance of twelve of the songs by Yann Fanch Kemener and "Maîtrise de Bretagne", solo and duo.
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*[[Folk music]]▼
{{reflist|2}}▼
*[[Music of Brittany]]
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▲[[Folk music]]
==External links==
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=FlkAAAAAcAAJ Barzaz Breiz], [[Google Books]]
*[http://www.1000questions.net/en/pontaven/barzaz-us.html The Barzaz Breiz], 1000questions.net
*[http://www.rootsworld.com/celtic/breton.html Introduction to Breton music]
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[[Category:Breton mythology and folklore]]▼
▲[[Category:Breton mythology and folklore]]
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