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{{Short description|17th-century Dutch portrait painter}}
[[File:Thomas de Keyser - Syndics of the Amsterdam Goldsmiths Guild - Google Art Project.jpg|thumbnail|300px| Thomas de Keyser,
'''Thomas de Keyser''' (c. 1596–1667) was a
==Biography==
De Keyser was born and died in [[Amsterdam]]. He was a son of the architect and sculptor [[Hendrik de Keyser]] and the brother of [[Pieter de Keyser|Pieter]] and [[Willem de Keyser (architect)| Willem de Keyser]]. Their uncle Aert was a timber dealer, who settled on Houtgracht in a very early stage. According to the [[Netherlands Institute for Art History]], he was a pupil of [[Cornelis van der Voort]].<ref name=RKD>[https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/44226 Thomas de Keyser] at the [[Netherlands Institute for Art History]]</ref> Van der Voort lived in the same street, now the [[Rembrandthuis]]. The painters [[Nicolaes Eliaszoon Pickenoy]], who lived next door, [[Aert Pietersz]], [[Werner van den Valckert]] have been accredited by different authorities with having developed his talent, and sometimes his works have been confused with these painters, who painted portraits in similar styles.<ref name=RKD/> The works of [[Pieter Lastman]] and [[Joachim von Sandrart]] he knew very well.<ref>Verborgen verhalen. Wijze lessen in de decoraties van het voormalig Stadhuis van Amsterdam. Published on Jul 2, 2015. Auteurs: - Renske Cohen Tervaert, 'Verborgen verhalen' - Eric Jan Sluijter, 'Hoe Theseus werd verzekerd en Odysseus van de ondergang gered' - Jasper Hillegers, 'Verborgen verhalen ontrafeld' grafisch ontwerp: NorthernLight uitgever: Stichting Koninklijk Paleis Amsterdam, p. 21 </ref> ▼
▲
In 1626 the painter lived in [[Jodenbreestraat]] when he married Machtelt Andries. As a heir of his uncle the property was sold to the Sefardic community and changed into a house synagogue. Thomas de Keyser faced strong competition from [[Rembrandt]], as a portrait painter and received very few commissions. In 1640 he remarried and lived in the [[Jordaan]]. The couple had two sons Pieter and Thomas, both baptized as [[Remonstrants]] in 1645 and 1649. He owned a [[Petit Granit]] business from 1640 until 1654, which he sold to Pieter. Willem cooperated with the architect [[Jacob van Campen]] on sketches for the town hall, but left for England after being accused of fraud.<ref>The municipal building company The organization of Public Works in the seventeenth century Dutch Republic by G. van Essen, p. 206</ref> Thomas returned to painting: in 1657 a [[Nausicaa]] meeting [[Odyssey]] on the beach, destined for the town hall.<ref>Verborgen verhalen. Wijze lessen in de decoraties van het voormalig Stadhuis van Amsterdam. Published on Jul 2, 2015. Auteurs: - Renske Cohen Tervaert, 'Verborgen verhalen' - Eric Jan Sluijter, 'Hoe Theseus werd verzekerd en Odysseus van de ondergang gered' - Jasper Hillegers, 'Verborgen verhalen ontrafeld' grafisch ontwerp: NorthernLight uitgever: Stichting Koninklijk Paleis Amsterdam, p. 23 </ref> The landscape painter [[Jacob Isaakszoon van Ruisdael]] painted a landscape as a background to one of his group portraits, mayor [[Cornelis de Graeff]] in front of his estate near Soestdijk.<ref>[https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/68835 Jacob Isaacksz van Ruisdael] at the Netherlands Institute for Art History</ref> From 1662, at the age of 65, until his death he was chief supervisor of the construction, now the [[Paleis op de Dam]].<ref name="Cultuurarchief">[http://www.absofacts2.com/kunstenaars/keyserthomasde1596.htm Cultuurarchief]</ref><ref>[http://www.collective-action.info/sites/default/files/webmaster/_JIW_LIT_Gea-van-Essen_Daniel-Stalpaert.pdf Daniel Stalpaert (1615-1676) stadsarchitect van Amsterdam en de Amsterdamse stadsfabriek in de periode 1647 tot 1676 Gea van Essen, p. 107]</ref> He was buried in the [[Zuiderkerk]], like his father.▼
▲In 1622 Thomas and his brother Pieter became member of the Guild. In 1626 the painter lived in [[Jodenbreestraat]] when he married Machtelt Andries, the daughter of a goldsmith in [[Warmoesstraat]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archief.amsterdam/archief/5075/440|title=Inventarissen}}</ref> As
== Work ==▼
From 1662, at the age of 65, until his death he succeeded [[Daniel Stalpaert]] as chief supervisor of the construction, now the [[Paleis op de Dam]].<ref name="Cultuurarchief">{{Cite web |url=http://www.absofacts2.com/kunstenaars/keyserthomasde1596.htm |title=Cultuurarchief |access-date=2006-12-16 |archive-date=2006-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061026040800/http://www.absofacts2.com/kunstenaars/keyserthomasde1596.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.collective-action.info/sites/default/files/webmaster/_JIW_LIT_Gea-van-Essen_Daniel-Stalpaert.pdf |title=Daniel Stalpaert (1615-1676) stadsarchitect van Amsterdam en de Amsterdamse stadsfabriek in de periode 1647 tot 1676 Gea van Essen, p. 107 |access-date=2020-10-06 |archive-date=2021-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509201738/https://www.collective-action.info/sites/default/files/webmaster/_JIW_LIT_Gea-van-Essen_Daniel-Stalpaert.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> He was buried in the [[Zuiderkerk]], like his father.
His portraiture is full of character and masterly in handling, and often distinguished by a rich golden glow of color and Rembrandtesque [[chiaroscuro]]. Some of his portraits are life-size, but the artist generally preferred to keep them on a considerably smaller scale, like the famous ''Four Amsterdam burgomasters assembled to receive Marie de Medici'' in 1638, now on display at the [[Mauritshuis]] museum in The Hague.▼
▲== Work ==
The [[Rijksmuseum]] in Amsterdam has the largest collection of paintings by de Keyser. His work can also be seen at the [[Louvre]] in Paris, the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] in New York City, the [[Hermitage Museum|Hermitage]] in Saint Petersburg and the [[National Gallery (London)|National Gallery]] in London, among others.
▲
A contemporary namesake of the painter was Tomas de Keyser ([[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]], 1597–1651), a stone mason, an actor and nephew of Hendrick de Keyser.<ref>[http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/laan005lett01/laan005lett01_3794.htm Letterkundig woordenboek voor Noord en Zuid]</ref>▼
The landscape painter [[Jacob Isaakszoon van Ruisdael]] painted a landscape as a background to one of his group portraits, burgomaster [[Cornelis de Graeff]] and his family and three persons on the back including his brother burgomaster [[Andries de Graeff]] in front of their estate near [[Soestdijk Palace|Soestdijk]].<ref>[https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/68835 Jacob Isaacksz van Ruisdael] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303204254/https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/68835 |date=2016-03-03 }} at the Netherlands Institute for Art History</ref>
== Namesake ==
▲A contemporary namesake of the painter was
== Gallery ==
<gallery mode=packed-hover heights=154px>
File:Thomas de Keyser - Portrait of a Silversmith - WGA12178.jpg|Portrait of a silversmith
File:Thomas de Keyser - De compagnie van kaptein Allaart Cloeck.jpg|The militia company of captain Allaert Cloeck and lieutenant Lucas Jacobsz. Rotgans (1632)
File:Thomas de Keyser - Portret van een vrouw.jpg| Portrait of a woman
File:A Musician and His Daughter MET DP145937.jpg|''[[A Musician and His Daughter (Metropolitan Museum of Art)|A Musician and His Daughter]]'', 1629, Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Thomas de keyser, ritratto di loef vredericx, come porta stendardo, 1626, 03.jpg|Portrait (detail) of Loeff Fredericx as an [[Ensign (rank)|ensign]] by Thomas de Keyser (1626)
Jacob van Ruisdael - Cornelis de Graeff with his Wife and Sons (ca.1660).jpg|[[Cornelis de Graeff]] with his wife [[Catharina Hooft]] and his two sons [[Pieter de Graeff|Pieter]] and [[Jacob de Graeff]] on arrival at Soestdijk. [[Jacob van Ruisdael]] and Thomas de Keyser, (1656/1660), [[National Gallery of Ireland]]
</gallery>
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
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[[Category:Dutch Golden Age painters]]
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[[Category:Dutch Golden Age architects]]
[[Category:Dutch male painters]]
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[[Category:Architects from Amsterdam]]
[[Category:17th-century Dutch architects]]
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