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{{Short description|1999 European Union directive}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox EU legislation
|type=Directive
|title=Landfill Directive
|number=
|madeby=[[Council of the European
|madeunder= Article 130s
|OJref= L 182, 16 July 1999, pp.
|OJrefurl=
|made= 26 April 1999
|commenced= 16 July 1999
Line 20 ⟶ 23:
|status=Current}}
The '''Landfill Directive''', more formally Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999
The Directive's overall aim is "to prevent or reduce as far as possible negative effects on the environment, in particular the pollution of surface water, groundwater, soil and air, and on the global environment, including the [[greenhouse effect]], as well as any resulting risk to human health, from the landfilling of waste, during the whole life-cycle of the landfill".<ref>[http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/waste/strategy/legislation/landfill/ UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20100713171544/http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/waste/strategy/legislation/landfill/ |date=13 July 2010 }}</ref> This legislation also has important implications for [[waste]] handling and [[waste disposal]].
==Outline==
The Directive is applicable to all [[waste disposal]] sites and divides them into three classes:<ref>[https://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/landfill_index.htm European Commission "Landfill of Waste]"</ref>
* landfills for [[hazardous waste]]
* landfills for [[non-hazardous waste]]
* landfills for [[inert waste]]
Waste disposal into [[landfills]] is restricted by banning certain waste types, which may pose a risk. The following wastes may not be disposed of in a landfill and must either be recovered, recycled or disposed of in other ways.<ref>[http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/sectors/37223.aspx The Environment Agency] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202222655/http://environment-agency.gov.uk/business/sectors/37223.aspx |date=2 February 2013 }}</ref>
* liquid waste
* [[flammable material|flammable]] waste
* explosive or oxidising waste
* hospital and other clinical waste which is infectious
* used tyres, with certain exceptions
* any other type of waste which does not meet the acceptance criteria laid down in Annex II.
To avoid further risks, allowed wastes are subject to a standard waste acceptance procedure, which dictates the following terms:<ref>[https://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/landfill_index.htm European Commission "Landfill of Waste]"</ref>
* waste must be treated before being landfilled
* hazardous waste within the meaning of the Directive must be assigned to a hazardous waste landfill
* landfills for non-hazardous waste must be used for municipal waste and for non-hazardous waste
* landfill sites for inert waste must be used only for inert waste
* criteria for the acceptance of waste at each landfill class must be adopted by the Commission in accordance with the general principles of Annex II.
The acceptance criteria and the acceptance process are further specified in the Council Decision 2003/33/EC.<ref>[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32003D0033 Council Decision 2003/33/EC establishing criteria and procedures for the acceptance of waste at landfills]</ref>
==Implementation==
Member States must report to the [[European Commission]] every three years on the [[implementation]] of the Directive.<ref>[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:31999L0031 Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste]</ref> According to the Directive, the amount of [[biodegradable]] [[municipal waste]] must be reduced to 50% in 2009 and to 35% in 2016 (compared to 1995 levels).
In 2009, 10 years after the [[enactment of a bill|enactment]] of the Landfill Directive, the [[European Environment Agency]] published a report, which closely analysed the progress on implementing the Directive in the Member States.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://doi.org/10.2800/10886 | doi=10.2800/10886 | year=2009 | author1=European Environment Agency | title=Diverting waste from landfill : Effectiveness of waste-management policies in the European Union | publisher=Publications Office | isbn=9789291679980 }}</ref> Its close analysis focuses on five countries and one sub-national region: [[Estonia]], [[Finland]], the [[Flemish Region]] of [[Belgium]], Germany, [[Hungary]] and Italy. According to this report, significant progress has been made, largely due to two core factors:
*setting medium- and long-term targets for reducing landfilling enabled Member States to define waste strategies and monitor their progress continuously.
*the directive's flexibility allowed Member States to try out different policies and adapt and adjust approaches "to match national and regional realities".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mrw.co.uk/home/eealandfill-directive-leads-to-better-waste-management/3005528.article|work=Materials Recycling World|title=EEA: Landfill Directive leads to better waste management|date=16 June 2009|first=Liz|last=Gyekye}} {{subscription required|s}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Waste Implementation Programme]],
*[[List of European Union directives]]
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
==External links==
*[
*[
*[
*[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32003D0033 Council Decision 2003/33/EC establishing criteria and procedures for the acceptance of waste at landfills]
*[https://doi.org/10.2800/10886 Diverting waste from landfill. Effectiveness of waste-management policies in the European Union] (Report by the [[European Environment Agency]])
{{Waste}}
[[Category:Landfill]]
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