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{{short description|Printing museum in Antwerp, Belgium}}
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| WHS = Plantin-MoretusPlantin–Moretus House–Workshops–Museum Complex
| image = Library of Plantin-Moretus Museum in Antwerp.jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| caption = Library of Plantin MoretusPlantin–Moretus Museum
| location = [[Antwerp]], [[Belgium]]
| criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii), (iii), (iv), (vi)}}(ii), (iii), (iv), (vi)
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| map_caption =
}}
The '''Plantin-MoretusPlantin–Moretus Museum''' ({{lang-nl|Plantin-Moretusmuseum}}) is a printing museum in [[Antwerp]], [[Belgium]] which focuses on the work of the 16th-century printers [[Christophe Plantin]] and [[Jan Moretus]]. It is located in their former residence and printing establishment, the [[Plantin Press]], at the Vrijdagmarkt (Friday Market) in Antwerp, and has been a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]] since 2005.
 
== History ==
The printing company was founded in the 16th century by [[Christophe Plantin]], who obtained type from the leading typefounders of the day in Paris.<ref name="Dutch typography in the sixteenth century the collected works of Paul Valema Blouw">{{cite book|last1=Uchelen|first1=edited by Ton Croiset van|last2=Dijstelberge|first2=P.|title=Dutch typography in the sixteenth century the collected works of Paul Valema Blouw|date=2013|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden|isbn=9789004256552|pages=426}}</ref> Plantin was a major figure in contemporary printing with interests in humanism; his eight-volume, multi-language [[Plantin Polyglot]] Bible with Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek and Syriac texts was one of the most complex productions of the period.<ref name="Harry Ransom Center Acquires Rare Plantin Polyglot Bible">{{cite web|title=Harry Ransom Center Acquires Rare Plantin Polyglot Bible|url=http://news.utexas.edu/2008/04/29/hrc_plantin_bible|website=University of Texas|accessdateaccess-date=8 December 2015}}</ref> Plantin's is now suspected of being at least connected to members of heretical groups known as the [[Familia Caritatis|Familists]], and this may have led him to spend time in exile in his native France.<ref name="Christopher Plantin and engraved book illustrations in sixteenth-century Europe">{{cite book|last1=ImhofBowen|first1first=Karen L. Bowen, Dirk|title=Christopher Plantin and engravedEngraved bookBook illustrationsIllustrations in sixteenthSixteenth-centuryCentury Europe|last2=Imhof|first2=Dirk|date=2008|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=9780521852760|editionlocation=1.Cambridge|author-link2=Dirk publ.Imhof}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Harris|first1=Jason|title=The Low Countries as a crossroads of religious beliefs|date=2004|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden [u.a.]|isbn=9789004122888|edition=[Online-Ausg.].}}</ref>
 
[[File:Antwerp Belgium Museum-Plantin-Moretus-05.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|View of the courtyard of the museum]]
After Plantin's death it was owned by his son-in-law [[Jan Moretus]]. While most printing concerns disposed of their collections of older type in the eighteenth and nineteenth century in response to changing tastes, the Plantin-MoretusPlantin–Moretus company "piously preserved the collection of its founder."<ref name="Caractères de l’Université">{{cite web|last1=Mosley|first1=James|title=Caractères de l’Universitél'Université|url=http://typefoundry.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/caracteres-de-luniversite.html|website=Type Foundry|accessdateaccess-date=3 December 2015}}</ref><ref name="Garamond or Garamont">{{cite web|last1=Mosley|first1=James|title=Garamond or Garamont|url=http://typefoundry.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/garamond-or-garamont.html|website=Type Foundry blog|accessdateaccess-date=3 December 2015}}</ref><ref name=Warde>{{cite journal|last1=Warde|first1=Beatrice|title=The 'Garamond' Types|journal=The Fleuron|date=1926|pages=131–179|url=http://www.garamond.culture.fr/en/page/the_article_by_beatrice_warde}}</ref>
 
Four women ran the family-owned Plantin–Moretus printing house ([[Plantin Press]]) over the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries: [[Martina Plantin]], [[Anna Goos]], [[Anna Maria de Neuf]] and [[Maria Theresia Borrekens]].<ref name="Plantin-Moretus Museum">{{Cite web |author=Plantin–Moretus Museum |date=2020-10-22 |title=Leading Ladies |url=https://medium.com/@museumplantinmoretus/leading-ladies-806a59931791 |access-date=March 15, 2021 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref>
In 1876 Edward Moretus sold the company to the city of [[Antwerp]]. One year later the public could visit the living areas and the printing presses. The collection has been used extensively for research, for example by historian [[Harry Carter (typographer)|Harry Carter]].<ref name="A view of early typography up to about 1600">{{cite book|last1=Carter|first1=Harry|title=A view of early typography up to about 1600|date=2002|publisher=Hyphen|location=London|isbn=9780907259213|edition=Reprinted}}</ref> His son [[Matthew Carter|Matthew]] would later describe his research as helping to demonstrate "that the finest collection of printing types made in typography's golden age was in perfect condition (some muddle aside) [along with] Plantin's accounts and inventories which names the [[Punchcutting|cutters]] of his types."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Drucker|first1=Margaret Re ; essays by Johanna|last2=Mosley|first2=James|title=Typographically speaking : the art of Matthew Carter|date=2003|publisher=Princeton Architectural|location=New York|isbn=9781568984278|page=33|edition=2.}}</ref>▼
 
▲In 1876 Edward Moretus sold the company to the city of [[Antwerp]]. One year later the public could visit the living areas and the printing presses. The collection has been used extensively for research, forby examplehistorians by[[H. D. L. Vervliet]], [[Mike Parker (typographer)|Mike Parker]] historianand [[Harry Carter (typographer)|Harry Carter]].<ref name="A view of early typography up to about 1600">{{cite book|last1=Carter|first1=Harry|title=A view of early typography up to about 1600|date=2002|publisher=Hyphen|location=London|isbn=9780907259213|edition=Reprinted}}</ref> HisCarter's son [[Matthew Carter|Matthew]] would later describe histhis research as helping to demonstrate "that the finest collection of printing types made in typography's golden age was in perfect condition (some muddle aside) [along with] Plantin's accounts and inventories which names the [[Punchcutting|cutters]] of his types."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Drucker|first1=Margaret Re ; essays by Johanna|last2=Mosley|first2=James|title=Typographically speaking : the art of Matthew Carter|date=2003|publisher=Princeton Architectural|location=New York|isbn=9781568984278|page=33|edition=2.}}</ref>
 
In 2002 the museum was nominated as [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] and in 2005 was inscribed onto the World Heritage list.
 
The Plantin-MoretusPlantin–Moretus Museum possesses an exceptional collection of [[typographical]] material.<ref name="The materials of typefounding">{{cite web|last1=Mosley|first1=James|title=The materials of typefounding|url=http://typefoundry.blogspot.co.uk/2006/01/materials-of-typefounding.html|website=Type Foundry|accessdateaccess-date=14 August 2015}}</ref> Not only does it house the two oldest surviving printing presses in the world{{Citation needed|date=June 2014}} and complete sets of dies and matrices, it also has an extensive library, a richly decorated interior and the entire archives of the Plantin business, which were inscribed on [[UNESCO|UNESCO's]] [[Memory of the World Programme]] Register in 2001 in recognition of their historical significance.<ref name=mow>{{cite web|title= Business Archives of the Officina Plantiniana |url= http[https://portalmuseumplantinmoretus.unesco.org/cibe/en/ev.phppage/worlds-URL_ID=22955&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html | date=2008two-05oldest-15printing-presses |publisher=UNESCOThe MemoryWorld's ofTwo theOldest WorldPrinting ProgrammePresses] Plantin–Moretus |accessdate=2009-12-11}}Museum.</ref>
and complete sets of dies and matrices, it also has an extensive library, a richly decorated interior and the entire archives of the Plantin business, which were inscribed on [[UNESCO|UNESCO's]] [[Memory of the World Programme]] Register in 2001 in recognition of their historical significance.<ref name=mow>{{cite web|title= Business Archives of the Officina Plantiniana |url= http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=22955&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html | date=2008-05-15 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |access-date=2009-12-11}}</ref> At the end of September 2016, the museum reopened after a thorough renovation and with a new building (with reading room and paper heritage depot) opening onto Holy Ghost Street. The facade of this reading room refers to a letterbox.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Missale Romanum uit 1613 krijgt plekje in Museum Plantin-Moretus| work = [[Het Laatste Nieuws]]| access-date = 2023-11-09| date = 2018-12-07| url = https://www.hln.be/antwerpen/missale-romanum-uit-1613-krijgt-plekje-in-museum-plantin-moretus~ad60f3d0/| language = nl}}</ref>
 
== Collection ==
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* an anatomical book made by [[Andreas Vesalius]] and [[Joannes Valverde]]
* a book about [[decimal]] numbers from [[Simon Stevin]]
* a [[36-line Bible|36-line Gutenberg Bible]]
* paintings and drawings by [[Peter Paul Rubens]]
* the study of humanist [[Justus Lipsius]] and many of his works<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trabel.com/antwerp-plantin.htm |title=The Plantin-MoretusPlantin–Moretus Museum in Antwerp, Antwerpen}}</ref>
* some of the materials used by French type designer and printer [[Robert Granjon]]
 
==See also==
{{portal|Belgium}}
* [[HistoryList of printingmuseums in Belgium]]
* [[Renaissance humanism in Northern Europe]]
* [[Max Rooses]]
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==Bibliography==
 
*{{citation|last=Voet |first=Leon |title=The Golden Compasses: a history and evaluation of the printing and publishing activities of the Officina Plantiniana at Antwerp. Vol. 1, Christopher Plantin and the Moretuses: their lives and their world |publisher=Amsterdam: Vangendt & Co. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul |year=1969 |ISBNisbn=0710064667}}
*{{citation|last1=Voet |first1=Leon |last2= Kaye |first2= Raymond H.
|title=The Golden Compasses: a history and evaluation of the printing and publishing activities of the Officina Plantiniana at Antwerp. Vol.2 The management of a printing and publishing house in Renaissance and Baroque
|publisher=Amsterdam: Vangendt & Co. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul |year=1972|ISBNisbn= 0839000049
}}
 
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{{Commons category|Museum Plantin-Moretus}}
*[http://www.museumplantinmoretus.be/ Museum Plantin-Moretus]
*[https://artsandculture.google.com/story/qgXxWnOI--kkPg Plantin–Moretus House–Workshops–Museum Complex] UNESCO Collection on Google Arts and Culture
*[https://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/plantinmoretus/ Pictures from the museum]
*[http://cheeseweb.eu/2011/05/plantinmoretus-printing-museum-antwerp/ A review of the Plantin-MoretusPlantin–Moretus Museum]
 
{{World Heritage Sites in Belgium}}
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[[Category:Museums established in 1877]]
[[Category:1877 establishments in Belgium]]
[[Category:Art museums and galleries in Belgium]]
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