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{{Short description|Internal combustion engine mounted with the crankshaft lengthwise}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2021}}[[File:3 wheels chassis (8717718266).jpg|thumb|left|Longitudinal engine in a 3-wheeler chassis]]▼
{{More citations needed|date=May 2021}}
[[File:Henderson 1926 DeLuxesupersix_3.jpg|thumb|240px|Longitudinal inline six cylinder engine in a Henderson De Luxe Supersix of 1926]]▼
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▲[[File:Henderson 1926
In [[automotive engineering]], a '''longitudinal engine''' is an [[internal combustion engine]] in which the [[crankshaft]] is oriented along the long axis of the [[vehicle]], from front to back.<ref name="Pickerill464" /><ref name="DuffyScharff2526" /> ▼
==Use==
▲In [[automotive engineering]], a '''longitudinal engine''' is an [[internal combustion engine]] in which the [[crankshaft]] is oriented along the long axis of the [[vehicle]], front to back.<ref name="Pickerill464" /><ref name="DuffyScharff2526" />
This type of motor is usually used for rear-wheel drive cars, except for some [[Audi]]
For motorcycles, the use of a particular type depends on the drive: in the case of a chain or belt drive a transverse engine is usually used, and with shaft drives a longitudinal engine. Longitudinal engines in motorcycles do have one disadvantage: the "tipping point" of the crankshaft tilts along the entire motorcycle to a greater or lesser degree when accelerating. This is partly resolved by having other components, such as the generator and the gearbox, rotate in the opposite direction to the crankshaft.▼
▲This type of motor is usually used for rear-wheel drive cars, except for some [[Audi]] and [[Saab Automobile|SAAB]] models equipped with longitudinal engines in front wheel drive. In front-wheel drive cars a [[transverse engine]] is usually used. Trucks often have longitudinal engines with rear-wheel drive.
Most larger, "premium" vehicles use
▲For motorcycles, the use of a particular type depends on the drive: in case of a chain or belt drive a transverse engine is usually used, and with shaft drives a longitudinal engine. Longitudinal engines in motorcycles do have one disadvantage: the "tipping point" of the crankshaft tilts along the entire motorcycle to a greater or lesser degree when accelerating. This is partly resolved by having other components, such as the generator and the gearbox, rotate in the opposite direction to the crankshaft.
▲Most larger, "premium" vehicles use this engine orientation, both front and [[rear wheel drive]]n, because powerful engines such as the inline-6 and 90° big-bore V8 are usually too long to fit in a FF transverse engine bay, while most mainstream modern vehicles use [[front wheel drive]] along with a [[transverse engine]] arrangement.
Cars with longitudinal engines usually have a smaller minimum turning circle than those with transverse engines. This is because there is more space to the sides of the engine, allowing deeper wheel arches so the front wheels are able to turn through a greater angle.
In the late 1960s, GM divisions Oldsmobile and Cadillac had front-wheel drive models [[Oldsmobile Toronado|Toronado]] and [[Cadillac Eldorado|Eldorado]] respectively, with a longitudinal V8 engine and an integrated automatic transmission and differential unit powering the front wheels. Honda and Toyota also offered front-wheel drive cars with longitudinal engines, namely [[Honda Vigor]], [[Honda Legend|Acura/Honda Legend/RL]], and [[Toyota Tercel]].
==Common types
This is a list of typical examples of types of engines which can be placed in motor vehicles:
* [[
*
* [[
*
==References==
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