Legislation.gov.uk: Difference between revisions

{{short description|Official webWeb-accessible database of the statute law of the United Kingdom}}

| name = Legislationlegislation.gov.uk

| logo = UK legislation logo.gif

| screenshot = =

| screenshot_size = 180px

| caption = Homepage of legislation.gov.uk

| url = [{{URL|https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ |legislation.gov.uk]}}

| commercial = No

| type = Government Web sitewebsite

| language = English and Welsh

| owner = [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National =Archives]], [[Government of the United Kingdom|UK Government]]

| author = =

| launch_date =

| current_status = Active

In December 2008, the Statute Law Database team transferred to [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]], which meant that the responsibility for the Office of Public Sector Information and SLD websites became the responsibility of one department. A major consideration of the transfer was to enable the rationalisationrationalization of the two websites in order to provide one point of access to all UK legislation and in doing so reduce duplication in effort, increase efficiency (for example taking advantage of technological developments to streamline processes) and provide a more user -friendly and accessible service across the board. Since December 2008 a considerable amount{{Vague|date=December 2016}} of work has taken place to look at who the customers of the joint services are and look carefully at their requirements.{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}

The content of the new Statute Law Database consists of the combined content of the previous UK Statute Law Database (SLD),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/ |title=Legislation.gov.ukThe UK Statute Law Database |website=UK Statute Law Database |url-status=dead |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091116153722/http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/ |archivedatearchive-date=16 November 2009 }}</ref> and the Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) website.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/ |title=Legislation.gov.ukOffice of Public Sector Information |url-status=dead |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050524002716/http://www.opsi.gov.uk/ |archivedatewebsite=Office of Public Sector Information |archive-date=24 May 2005 }}</ref> Updated legislation on the new website is the same data as that available on SLD. The only exceptions are a few acts that are being updated by the editorial team that areis available on SLD but will not be available on the new site until the revisions are complete and they are ready to be published to SLD and the new website. Many of the revised documents held by SLD are also available in the OPSI dataset as an “as"as enacted”enacted" version. The new website combines these so one can switch between the different versions.

* For theThe majority of revised legislation, now held the ‘as'as enacted’enacted' and ‘revised’'revised' versionversions. The different versions can be accessed via the buttons in the ‘What'What Version’Version' area on the table of contents.

* ‘Next’'Next' and ‘Previous’'Previous' buttons are now available when navigating the content of legislation (this has only been made possible because of the way the legislation is held on the new site).

* ‘Change'Change to Legislation’Legislation' – Much work{{Vague|date=December 2016}} has been done in order to make the revised legislation as usable as possible although it is not fully up to date. The development of the new site has allowed us{{Who|date=December 2016}} to take the ‘Tables'Tables of Legislative Effects’Effects' information currently published on SLD and incorporate the ‘unapplied'unapplied effects’effects' into the content of the legislation at the provision level. This means that instead of having to look through the ‘Tables'Tables of Effects’Effects' year by year in order to establish the current position of a piece of legislation, one can access all the outstanding effects when viewing the act. The outstanding effects also include links to the affecting legislation meaning that one can view the amendments more easily.

* Links in annotations – all annotations giving authority for amendments that have been applied now contain links to the affecting legislation (on SLD will only be able to do this for amendments carried out post -2002.)

* Probably one of the main areas of difference from SLD is that the ‘attributes’'attributes' information havehas been removed from the foot of the provisions in order to make it more meaningful to users. The ‘geographical'geographical extent’extent' can now be turned on and off using the ‘show'show geographical extent’extent' button and the ‘start'start date’date' information is now presented on the ‘Timeline'Timeline of Changes’Changes' so as to give the ability to navigate through the legislation at specific points in time.

Access to statute law in the United Kingdom was, for some time, a difficult matter. As the [[Hansard Society]] noted in 1992, "[a]t present the accessibility of statute law to users and the wider public is slow, inconvenient, complicated and subject to several impediments. To put it bluntly, it is often very difficult to find out what the text of a law is – let alone what it means. Something must be done."<ref name="Zander">{{cite book |last=Zander, M.,|first=Michael ''|author-link=Michael Zander |year=2004 |title=The Law-Making Process'', |edition=6th |publisher=Cambridge University Press, Sixth Edition, 2004, p. |page=103, {{ISBN|isbn=0-521-60989-5}}</ref>

The idea for creating a UK-wide legislation database dates back to 1991 when the government awarded a contract to [[Syntegra]], a [[BT Group|BT]] company previously known as "Secure Information Systems Limited", to create a database containing all the [[public Act]]s comprised in the publication ''[[Statutes in Force]]'' together with all amendments made since a "base date" of 1 February 1991. The database was delivered by Syntegra in November 1993, but not accepted by the government until Summer 1995 at a cost of £700,000.<ref>{{cite webnews |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/aug/17/epublic.guardianweeklytechnologysection |title=Access denied to the laws that govern us |first=Heather |last=Brooke |date=1716 August 2006 |publisher=|viawork=[[The Guardian]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715105622/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/aug/17/epublic.guardianweeklytechnologysection |archive-date=15 July 2014}}</ref> The database was originally intended for use by the [[Office of the Parliamentary Counsel (United Kingdom)|Office of the Parliamentary Counsel]], but following testing with the public service it was decided to make it available to legal practitioners and the private sector on a commercial basis, as well as to public libraries and [[Citizens Advice Bureau]]x<!-- note the "x" for Bureaux plural of Bureau -->.<ref name="Zander"/>

The original database consisted of an [[Interleaf]] editorial system which allowed legislation to be held and edited in [[SGML]]. In 1991 there were no plans to make the database available on the internetInternet. The aim of the project was to create an electronic version of ''Statutes In Force'' which would be available on CD-ROM to much the same audience as that to which ''Statutes In Force'' had been available prior to 1991.<ref name="talkopsi">See [[Talk:UK Statute Law Database|Talk page]] for information from staff of the Office of Public Sector Information, 30 August 2009.</ref>

In 1995 Syntegra developed the first version of the Statute Law Database website. This was only ever available in pilot form and to a limited number of Governmentgovernment users.

On 9 February 1996, [[Roger Freeman, Baron Freeman|Roger Freeman]], the [[Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster]], announced that the copyright and charging policy of the Statute Law Database would "be decided nearer the time of implementation in 1997".<ref>{{cite webjournal |last=Williamson |first=Robin |date=7 May 1996 |title=Revision of Crown Copyright licensing |url=httphttps://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/jilt/1996_2/special/williamson/#a5 |titlejournal=ElectronicJournal of Information Law Journals& Technology |issn=1361-4169 JILT |volume=1996 (|issue=2) - Williamson|publisher=Electronic Law Journals Project}}</ref> This date was pushed forwarded to 1999<ref>{{citeHansard web|url=https:1997/jul/publications.parliament.uk02/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970702/text/70702acts-13.htm|title=Lords Hansard text for 2 Jul 1997 (170702of-13)|first=Departmentparliament-in-force of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Lords,|last=Westminster|publisherhouse=lords}}</ref> and then to 2000.<ref>{{citeHansard web|url=https:1998/dec/publications.parliament.uk16/pa/ld199899/ldhansrd/vo981216/text/81216w04.htm|title=Lordsstatute-law-database Hansard text for 16 Dec 1998 (181216w04)|first=Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Lords,|last=Westminster|publisherhouse=written}}</ref>

In March 1999, it was disclosed that "[t]he partially updated database is presently available to a number of users within central government who have access to the Statutory Publications Office Intranet. The Lord Chancellor's Department are considering options for the future marketing of the Statute Law Database. These options include free Internet access, the granting of non-exclusive licences to legal information publishers and the provision of a subscription on-line service."<ref>{{citeHansard web|url=https:1999/mar/publications.parliament.uk22/pa/cm199899/cmhansrd/vo990322/text/90322w20.htm|title=House of Commonsstatute-and-case-law-internet Hansard Written Answers for 22 Mar 1999 (pt 20)|first=Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons,|last=Westminster|publisherhouse=written}}</ref> In September a demonstration version of the database was made available on the Syntegra Track Record website, containing legislation for the years 1985 to 1995, though this was quickly removed.<ref name="binary">{{citeCite web |url=httphttps://www.binarylaw.co.uk/2006/09/05/the-statute-law-database-finally-a-reality/ |title=The Statute Law Database – finally a reality « |website=Binary Law |publisherfirst=Nick |last=Holmes |date=5 September 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305044112/https://www.binarylaw.co.uk/2006/09/05/the-statute-law-database-finally-a-reality/ |archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref>

In 2004, it was announced that the system designed by Syntegra would be modernised by replacing its editorial database, developing two new enquiry systems (one for government departments (accessible via the [[Government Secure Intranet]], "GSI") and the other for the general public), and the revision and updating of the [[statute book]].<ref name="binary"/> Two contracts were signed by the [[Department for Constitutional Affairs]] (DCA) with [[Computacenter]], one for the delivery of the editorial system, the other for the government enquiry system. The combined cost of the contracts was £458,000.<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://flourish.org/foi/2005-06-03-statutelaw/Heather%20Brooke%20FOI%20Response.doc |title=Re: Request by Heather Brooke for Information under the Freedom of Information Act response,2000 |date=1 July 2005] |format=DOC |url-status=live |archive-date=29 November 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051129084605/http://flourish.org/foi/2005-06-03-statutelaw/Heather%20Brooke%20FOI%20Response.doc |first=Norman |last=Hodgett}}</ref>

A [[content management system]] named '''TSO ActiveText''' (after TSO, [[The Stationery Office]]) is used in the new system to store legislation in [[XML]] with a specific [[Document Type Definition|DTD]]. Documents in ActiveText are fragmented and can be edited using [[XMetaL]] which allows editors to check documents in and out of the database for editing. All the legislation from the original SGML database was converted into XML. After the editorial system was completed, further development began on a new online Statute Law Database '''Enquiry System'''.<ref name="talkopsi"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.number7.demon.co.uk/papers/SLD/SLD.htm |title="The Statute Law Database" by |first=Roger |last=Horne |url-status=dead |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070916154531/http://www.number7.demon.co.uk/papers/SLD/SLD.htm |archivedatearchive-date=16 September 2007 |website=number7.demon.co.uk}}</ref>

The government's enquiry system was launched on 31 May 2006 with a plan to roll out general access in three phases. The first stage would open the database to a very limited number of users for testing. On 2 August 2006 the [[Department for Constitutional Affairs]] (DCA) commenced the second stage of the database project, allowing the system to be tested in use by issuing login details and passwords to a wide range of selected customers including Governmentgovernment users, law librarians, police staff, [[Citizens Advice Bureau]]x and students. The pilot did not specifically include any commercial legal publishers.<ref name="talkopsi"/> Initially, the DCA intended to charge users for access to "historical law", but not current law, however, following pressure notably from ''[[The Guardian]]'' and its "Free Our Data" campaign, it was announced in October that the system would be free to use.<ref>[{{Cite news |url=http://www.lawgazette.co.uk/news/general/view=newsarticle.law?GAZETTENEWSID=303233 |work=[[The Law Society Gazette,]] "|title=Statutes free on web", |date=5 October 2006] |last=White |first=Rupert |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804112553/http://www.lawgazette.co.uk/news/ltbgtstatutes-free-on-webltbgt |archive-date=4 August 2012}}</ref> The SPO's Clare Allison revealed nevertheless that the DCA would be "looking at options that concern the commercial reuse of the data".<ref>{{cite webnews |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/oct/19/epublic.guardianweeklytechnologysection |title=At last, the price is right for access to our laws |first=Heather |last=Brook |date=18 October 2006 |publisher=|viawork=The Guardian |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926020959/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/oct/19/epublic.guardianweeklytechnologysection |archive-date=26 September 2014}}</ref>

The delays involved in realising the database led to a number groups requesting the raw data of the legislation in order to put together their own versions. Among those refused access was Julian Todd, the co-creator of the website [[TheyWorkForYou]], who stated "I can’tcan't comprehend what the DCA thinks it is gaining by not giving us a database dump of the law."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wwwheatherbrooke.thetimes.co.ukorg/2006/statute-law-database/ |title=TheArticle: TimesDenying &the Thelaw Sundayto the public Times|publisherfirst=Heather |last=Brooke |date=23 May 2006 |website=Heather Brooke |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108145051/https://heatherbrooke.org/2006/statute-law-database/ |archive-date=8 November 2012}}</ref> Todd had submitted a request under the [[Freedom of Information Act 2000]] for disclosure of the data, but this was refused and he brought an appeal before the [[Information Commissioner's Office|Information Commissioner]].

The database was finally made available to the public on 20 December 2006. Announcing its launch, [[Catherine Ashton, Baroness Ashton of Upholland|Baroness Ashton]], a Parliamentary Under-Secretary in the [[Department for Constitutional Affairs]], said that "[t]he Statute Law Database provides an authoritative and easy-to-use historical database of UK statute law. I hope it will be welcomed as a useful tool for professionals who need to keep up with changes to the law as well as those who simply have an interest in historic and current legislation."<ref name="YRTK">[{{Cite web |url=http://www.yrtk.org/2006/statute-law-database-launched/ Your Right to Know, 20 December 2006] {{webarchive|urlarchiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513032645/http://www.yrtk.org/2006/statute-law-database-launched/ |url-status=dead |website=Your Right to Know |date=20 December 2006 |archivedate=13 May 2008 |title=Statute Law Database launched today}}</ref>

The database contains the text of [[primary legislation]] insince force at 1 February 19911267 and [[secondary legislation]] issued after that date1823, some 3080,000 texts. All primary legislation on the site has been revised to show the effect of legislation and amendments enacted until 2002.<ref name="YRTK"/> The database is not fully up to date and, as of 2009, there is no estimate for when it will be fully up to date. {{As of|2009}}, editors were applying amendments enacted between 2003 and 2007. Acts are targeted for updating according to a system of priorities based on demand ascertained mainly from [[Webtrends]] reports showing which Actsacts are viewed most frequently.<ref name="talkopsi"/> Until December 2008, the responsibility for keeping the database up-to-date lay with the Statutory Publications Office, part of the [[Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Justice]]. Since that date, responsibility has been transferred to a team within the Information and Policy Services Directorate (formerly called the [[Office of Public Sector Information]]) of [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]].<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/AboutUs.aspx |archiveurl=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20090214193512/http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/AboutUs.aspx |url-status=deviated|title= About us], Statute|archivedate=14 LawFebruary Database.2009 |website=UK RetrievedStatute onLaw 24 April 2009.Database}}</ref> Following the transfer, a programme of work is now{{when|date=December 2023}} underway to bring together the content of the existing Statute Law Database with "as enacted" original legislation from the website of the [[Office of Public Sector Information]] (OPSI) to form a single "UK Legislation" website.<ref name="talkopsi"/>

In addition, a "table of effects" has been published every year since 2002 which lists all the legislation repealed, the effects of primary and secondary legislation brought into force since 2002 on primary legislation in the database.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}

* Acts of the [[English Parliament]] (1267-17061267–1706);

* Acts of the pre-UK Parliamentsparliaments (1424–1707);

* UK local Actsacts (from 1991);

* [[Act of the National Assembly for Wales|Acts of theSenedd Cymru (Welsh Assembly)]] (2011 to date);

* Acts of the [[Parliament of Ireland|Irish Parliament]] (1495-18001495–1800);

* [[List of Church of England Measuresmeasures|Church of England Measuresmeasures]] (1920 to date).

* Post-1991 local Actsacts (and a small number of pre-1991 local Actsacts).

The database also contains certain '''secondary legislation''' which is '''notmostly updated''':

* Statutory Instrumentsinstruments (from 19911948);

* [[List of Statutorystatutory Instrumentsinstruments of the Welsh Assembly|Welsh Statutorystatutory Instrumentsinstruments]] (from 1999);

* [[Scottish Statutorystatutory Instrumentinstrument]]s (from 1999);

* [[Statutory Rulesrules of Northern Ireland]] (from 1991); N.B. for the period 1991-2005 only those Statutory Rules which affect UK legislation are held;

* [[List of Church of England Instrumentsinstruments|Church Instrumentsinstruments]] (from 1991).

* PreSome of the pre-1991 repealed legislation;

* Most pre-1991 local Acts and revisions to post-1991 local Actsacts;

* Secondary legislation pre-dating 19911823;

There are no plans to extend the database to include the above material. However, a [[Parliamentary select committees of the United Kingdom|Select Committee]] report on the "Merits of Statutory Instruments", published on 7 November 2006, recommended that the database should be extended to cover secondary as well as primary legislation. The government responded that this was indeed important, but that "[t]he immediate priority is to ensure that a fully revised and up to date version of the official statute book is delivered for use by the public and that work on this is maintained. After this has been achieved consideration will then be given as to how work can be extended to updating secondary legislation."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200506/ldselect/ldmerit/275/2750727502.htm |title=Forty-Ninth Report |author=[[Merits of Statutory Instruments Committee]] |publisher=[[House of Lords]] -|at=Appendix Merits3: The Management of StatutorySecondary InstrumentsLegislation: -Government FortyResponse |url-Ninthstatus=live Report|firstarchive-date=The1 CommitteeAugust Office,2008 House of|lastarchive-url=Lordshttps://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/en/archive/20080801125545/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200506/ldselect/ldmerit/275/27502.htm |publisherdate=7 November 2006}}</ref>

[[Category:Law inof the United Kingdom]]

[[Category:Government services web portals in the United Kingdom‎Kingdom]]