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{{Italic title}}
{{short description|Hebrew word and greeting}}
{{About||the greeting|shalom aleichem|other uses|}}
{{Original research|date=June 2009}}
[[File:Shalom.svg|thumb|right|250px|''Shalom'' in Hebrew]]
{{wiktionary|shalom|שלום}}
'''''Shalom''''' ({{lang-he| שָׁלוֹם}} ''šālōm
As it does in [[English language|English]], it can refer to either [[peace]] between two entities (especially between a person and God or between two countries), or to the well-being, welfare or safety of an individual or a group of individuals. The word shalom is also found in many other expressions and names. Its equivalent [[cognate]] in [[Arabic language|Arabic]] is ''[[S-L-M|salaam]]'', ''[[sliem]]'' in [[Maltese language|Maltese]], [[Shlama]] in [[Syriac language|Syriac-Assyrian]] and ''sälam'' in [[Ethiopian Semitic languages]] from the Proto-Semitic [[Root (linguistics)|root]] [[Š-L-M]].
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{{unreferenced section|date=December 2016}}
In Hebrew, words are built on "roots", generally of three consonants. When the root consonants appear with various vowels and additional letters, a variety of words, often with some relation in meaning, can be formed from a single root. Thus from the root ''sh-l-m'' come the words ''shalom'' ("peace, well-being"), ''hishtalem'' ("it was worth it"), ''shulam'' ("was paid for"), ''meshulam'' ("paid for in advance"), ''mushlam'' ("perfect"), and ''shalem'' ("whole").
Biblically, ''shalom'' is seen in reference to the well-being of others (Genesis 43:27, Exodus 4:18), to treaties (I Kings 5:12), and in prayer for the wellbeing of cities or nations (Psalm 122:6, Jeremiah 29:7).
The meaning of completeness, central to the term ''shalom'', can also be confirmed in related terms found in other Semitic languages. The Assyrian term ''salamu'' means to be complete, unharmed, paid/atoned. ''Sulmu'', another Assyrian term, means welfare. A closer relation to the idea of ''shalom'' as a concept and action is seen in the Arabic root ''salaam'', meaning, among other things, to be safe, secure and forgiven
== In expressions ==
The word "shalom" can be used for all parts of speech; as a noun, adjective, verb, adverb, and interjection. It categorizes all shaloms. The word ''shalom'' is used in a variety of expressions and contexts in Hebrew speech and writing:
* ''[[Jewish greetings#Greetings and farewells|Shalom]]'' by itself is a very common abbreviation and it is used in Modern Israeli Hebrew as a [[Jewish greetings|greeting]]
* ''[[Shalom aleichem]]'' ({{Script/Hebrew|שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם}}; "well-being be upon you" or "may you be well"), this expression is used to greet others and is a Hebrew equivalent of "hello". The appropriate response to such a greeting is "upon you be well-being" ( עֲלֵיכֶם שָׁלוֹם, ''aleichem shalom''). This is a [[cognate]] of the Arabic ''[[
** In the [[Gospels]], [[Jesus]] often uses the greeting "Peace be unto you" (e.g., [[Matthew 10:12]]), a translation of ''shalom aleichem''. See [[Pax (liturgy)]].
* ''[[Jewish greetings#Shabbat|Shabbat shalom]]'' ({{Script/Hebrew|שַׁבָּת שָׁלוֹם}}; "peaceful Sabbath") is a common greeting used on Shabbat. This is most prominent in areas with [[Mizrahi Jews|Mizrahi]], [[Sephardi Jews|Sephardi]], or modern [[Israel]]i influence. Many [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazi]] communities in the Jewish diaspora use [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]] ''Gut shabbes'' in preference or interchangeably.
* ''Ma sh'lom'cha'' ({{Script/Hebrew|מַה שְׁלוֹמְךָ}}; "
* ''[[Honorifics for the dead in Judaism|Alav hashalom]]'' ({{Script/Hebrew|עָלָיו הַשָּׁלוֹם}}; "upon him is peace") is a phrase used in some Jewish communities, especially Ashkenazi ones, after mentioning the name of a deceased respected individual.
* ''Oseh shalom'' (עוֹשֶׂה שָׁלוֹם; "Peace-Maker") is the part of a passage commonly found as a concluding sentence in much [[Jewish prayer|Jewish liturgy]] (including the ''[[Birkat Hamazon|birkat hamazon]]'', ''[[kaddish]]'' and personal ''[[amidah]]'' prayers).
== Jewish religious principle ==
In [[Judaism]],
In the book ''Not the Way It's Supposed to Be: A Breviary of Sin'', Christian author [[Cornelius Plantinga]] described the biblical concept of shalom:
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== Use as name ==
=== Name for God ===
The [[Talmud]] says, "the name of God is 'Peace'", therefore, one is not permitted to greet another with the word 'shalom' in places such as a bathroom.<ref>[[Shabbat (Talmud)|Shabbat]] 10b from [[Book of Judges|Judges]] 6:24</ref>
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=== Name for people ===
''Shalom'' is also
* Related male names include
* Related female names include [[Shulamit (disambiguation)|Shulamit]], [[Shulamith (disambiguation)|Shulamith]], [[Shlomtzion (disambiguation)|Shlomtzion]] or [[Shlomtzion (disambiguation)|Shlomzion]] and [[Salome (given name)|Salome]] and
* [[Sholem Aleichem]] was the pseudonym of Shalom Rabinowitz, whose work ''[[Tevye|Tevye and his Daughters]]'' formed the basis for ''[[Fiddler on the Roof]]''.
=== Name of organizations ===
''Shalom'' can be part of an [[organization]]'s name
* [[Brit Tzedek v'Shalom]]
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=== Name of synagogues or structures ===
''Shalom'' is used
* [[Beth Shalom (disambiguation)|Beth Shalom]]
* [[Neve Shalom Synagogue]] in [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]
* [[Shalom Park]] in [[Charlotte, North Carolina]] and [[Denver, Colorado]]
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* [[SS Shalom|SS ''Shalom'']], an ocean liner operated by [[Zim Lines]], [[Israel]] 1964–1967.
* [[Shalom (newspaper)]], a [[Jewish]] newspaper established in [[Tehran]], Iran in 1915
* [[Şalom]] is a [[Jewish]] [[weekly newspaper]] published in [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]] in [[Turkish language|Turkish]],
* "Shalom" is a song by [[Voltaire (musician)|Voltaire]], on the CD ''The Devil's Bris''.
* "Shalom" is a song by [[Thepetebox|THePETEBOX]].
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[[Category:Names of God in Judaism]]
[[Category:Hebrew-language names]]
[[Category:Jewish given names]]
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