Cascade hop: Difference between revisions

'''Cascade''' is one of the many [[List of hop varieties|varietiesmany]] [[cultivars]] of [[hops]]. Cascade hops are one of the most widely used hops by [[craft breweries]] in the United States.<ref name="usahops">{{cite web

|accessdateaccess-date=2009-11-28

|archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090629071051/http://www.usahops.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=hop_info&pageID=8

|archivedatearchive-date=2009-06-29

Cascade is a varietycultivar of hops developed in the [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]] breeding program at [[Oregon State University]] by Dr. Stanley Nelson Brooks and Jack Horner. Developed during the 1960s, it was released as an American aroma variety in 1971. It originated from an open seed collection in 1956, including English Fuggle, Russian SerebriankerSerebrianka, and an unspecified male hop variety.<ref name="Oliver">{{cite book|author= Garrett Oliver|title=The Oxford Companion to Beer|url=https://books.google.cacom/books?id=oWQdjnVo2B0C&pg=PA227&lpg=PA227&dq=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Beer+cascade&sourcepg=bl&ots=wmU6iWWrCT&sig=e06YUxk_zfbPuNSIRVXWfAowX_Y&hl=ko&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjoubf_h6TUAhXGybwKHdlXDlgQ6AEINjAD#v=onepage&q=The%20Oxford%20Companion%20to%20Beer%20cascade&f=falsePA227|accessdateaccess-date=2017-06-04 |type= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |year=2011 |month= |origyear= |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= London |language= |isbn= 9780199912100|pagepages= 226–227 |at= |chapter= }}</ref> In addition to appealing flavor qualities, researchers were looking for resistance to [[downy mildew]], a threat to hop yards. Cascade was named after the [[Cascade Range|Cascade mountain range]] that runs through the states of [[Washington (state)|Washington]], Oregon, California and the Canadian province of [[British Columbia]]. The hop variety was first used commercially in 1975 by the [[Anchor Brewing Company]], which established it as a signature hop for [[Pale ale#American Palepale Aleale|American pale ale]]. The plant is now grown in various places around the [[United States]]; [[British Columbia]] and [[Alberta]], [[Canada]]; [[Argentina]]; and in [[Tasmania]]; [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] and [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]].

==Use in brewingCharacteristics==

A visual characteristic of the plant is its dark green elongated cones which contain moderate to somewhat high amounts of [[alpha acid]]s compared to many other hop types. The resultant aroma is of medium strength and very distinct. It has a pleasant, flowery and [[spicy]], [[citrus]]-like quality with a slight [[grapefruit]] characteristic. The hop is good for both flavor and aroma uses. It can also be used for bittering effectively, and can be used to make any [[ale]]s, and indeed is characteristic of [[American pale ale]]s;, such as the classic [[Sierra Nevada Brewing Company|Sierra Nevada]]. It is also used in some [[lager]]s, for example Sam Adams '76.<ref name="howtobrew">

==Australian/Tasmanian Varietyvariety==

A variety of Cascade has been [[Plant propagation|propagated]] in [[Tasmania]], Australia. It has similar resultant characteristics to the US variety. The Tasmanian variety contains less [[myrcene]] oil and more [[humulene]] oil as well as other more minorsmaller differences.<ref name=hopproducts>{{cite web |title=Cascade |url=http://www.hops.com.au/products/australian_varieties/cascade.html |publisher=Hop Products Australia |accessdateaccess-date=2012-10-14 |url-status=dead |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406025246/http://www.hops.com.au/products/australian_varieties/cascade.html |archivedatearchive-date=2013-04-06 }}</ref>

A variety of Cascade is also bred in New Zealand. Similarities exist between the US and New Zealand varieties with the NZ version described as citrus moving more toward grapefruit characteristics. [[Agronomic]] and [[terroir]] impact has been described as positive for the New Zealand type.<ref name=nzcascade>{{cite web |title=Cascade |url=http://www.nzhops.co.nz/varieties/pdf/new_zealand_cascade.pdf |publisher=New Zealand Hops |accessdateaccess-date=2014-04-11 |url-status=dead |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829040149/http://www.nzhops.co.nz/varieties/pdf/new_zealand_cascade.pdf |archivedatearchive-date=2013-08-29 }}</ref> As of August 2016 Cascade grown in New Zealand is now referred to as Taiheke.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nzhops.co.nz/variety/taiheke|title=Taiheke {{!}} New Zealand Hops Limited|website=www.nzhops.co.nz|access-date=2020-02-04}}</ref>

! width="100"| Tasmanian Varietyvariety<ref name="hopproducts" />

! width="100"| American Varietyvariety<ref name="usahops" />

| align="center"| 1700 – 22001,700–2,200

| align="center"| 1792 – 22401,792–2,240

| align="center" colspan="2"| 4.5 – 75–7.0

| align="center" colspan="2"| 4.8 – 78–7.0

| align="center"| Alpha/Betabeta Ratioratio

| align="center" colspan="2"| 0.9 – 19–1.0

| align="center" colspan="2"| 33 – 4033–40

| align="center"| Total Oilsoils (Mls. per 100 grams dried hops)

| align="center"| 0.7 – 27–2.0

| align="center"| 0.7 - 17–1.4

| align="center"| 22 – 3522–35

| align="center"| 45 - 6045–60

| align="center"| 2.6 – 26–2.7

| align="center"| 3.5 - 55–5.5

| align="center"| 21 – 2421–24

| align="center"| 8 - 138–13

| align="center"| 7 – 97–9

| align="center"| 3 - 73–7

| align="center" colspan="2"| 48 - 5248–52

| align="center"| Possible Substitutionssubstitutions