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'''Iskaka''' ({{lang-ar|إسكاكا}}) is a [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] town
==Location==
Iskaka is
==History==
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The village is identified with ''[[Casalis|Casale]] Esckas'' mentioned in a [[Crusades|Frankish]] text of the year 1244.<ref>Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. [https://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n305/mode/1up 299], No. 1122; cited in Finkelstein, 1997, p. 611</ref> [[Sherd]]s from the [[Crusader states|Crusader]]/[[Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubid]] and the [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluk]] eras have been found here.<ref name=Finkelstein611>Finkelstein, 1997, p. 611</ref>
It is also suggested that this is ''Suchah'', a place mentioned in the [[Tolidah|Samaritan chronicles]].<ref>Erlich, 1983, p. 153; cited in Finkelstein, 1997, p. 611</ref>
===Ottoman era===
Iskaka was incorporated into the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1517 with all of [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], and in 1596 it appeared in the [[Defter|tax registers]] under the name of ''Skaka'', as being in the ''[[nahiya]]'' ("subdistrict") of Jabal Qubal, part of the [[Nablus Sanjak|Sanjak of Nablus]]. It had a population of 37 households; who were all [[Muslim]]s. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 33
In the 18th and 19th centuries, the village formed part of the highland region known as Jūrat ‘Amra or Bilād Jammā‘īn. Situated between [[Dayr Ghassana|Dayr Ghassāna]] in the south and the present [[Highway 5 (Israel–Palestine)|Route 5]] in the north, and between [[Majdal Yaba|Majdal Yābā]] in the west and [[Jamma'in|Jammā‘īn]], [[Marda, Salfit|Mardā]] and [[Kifl Haris|Kifl Ḥāris]] in the east, this area served, according to historian [[Roy Marom]], "as a buffer zone between the political-economic-social units of the [[Jerusalem]] and the [[Nablus]] regions. On the political level, it suffered from instability due to the migration of the [[Bedouin]] tribes and the constant competition among local clans for the right to collect taxes on behalf of the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman authorities]]."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marom |first=Roy |date=2022-11-01 |title=Jindās: A History of Lydda's Rural Hinterland in the 15th to the 20th Centuries CE |url=https://www.academia.edu/90931976 |journal=Lod, Lydda, Diospolis |volume=1 |pages=17}}</ref>
In 1870, [[Victor Guérin]] noted it as an ancient village, on a hill planted with olive trees.<ref>Guérin, 1875, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n188/mode/1up 163]</ref>
In 1870/1871 (1288 [[Anno Hegirae|AH]]), an Ottoman census listed the village with a population of 27 [[household]]s in the ''[[Nahiyah|nahiya]]'' (sub-district) of Jamma'in al-Awwal, subordinate to Nablus.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Grossman |first=David |title=Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine |publisher=Magnes Press |year=2004 |location=Jerusalem |pages=252}}</ref>
In 1882, the [[Palestine Exploration Fund|PEF]]'s ''[[PEF Survey of Palestine|Survey of Western Palestine]]'' described ''Iskaka'' as: "a small village with ruined towers and rock-cut [[tomb]]s, surrounded by olives and standing on high ground. The water supply is from a [[Water well|well]]."<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/284/mode/1up 284]</ref>▼
▲In 1882, the [[Palestine Exploration Fund|PEF]]'s ''[[PEF Survey of Palestine|Survey of Western Palestine]]'' described ''Iskaka'' as: "a small village with ruined towers and rock-cut
===British Mandate era===
In the [[1922 census of Palestine]] conducted by the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate authorities]], ''Sekaka'' had a population of 127 Muslims,<ref name="Census1922">Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Nablus, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n27/mode/1up 25]</ref> increasing in the [[1931 census of Palestine|1931 census]] to 186 Muslims in 48 occupied houses.<ref>Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 62]</ref>
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Since the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967, Iskaka has been under [[Israeli occupation of the West Bank|Israeli occupation]].
After the [[Oslo II Accord|1995 accords]], 25% of village land is defined as [[Palestinian enclaves|Area B]] land, while the remaining 75% is [[Area C (West Bank)|Area C]] land. According to [[Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem|ARIJ]], the
On 14 May 2021, as part of the [[2021 Israel–Palestine crisis]], [[Israeli settler]]s reportedly killed 23
== Demography ==
▲On 14 May 2021, as part of the [[2021 Israel–Palestine crisis]], [[Israeli settler]]s reportedly killed 23 year old Awad Ahmed Harb.<ref name="MyUser_Https:_May_14_2021c2">{{cite web|author=|date=|title=10 شهداء وعشرات الاصابات خلال مواجهات مع الاحتلال في الضفة|url=https://www.maannews.net/news/2039921.html|url-status=live|newspaper=وكالة معا للأنباء|accessdate=May 14, 2021}}</ref><ref>[https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-palestine-west-bank-protests-killed Palestinians killed in West Bank as Israeli crackdown intensifies], Shatha Hammad, 14 May 2021, [[Middle East Eye]]</ref>
According to [[Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem|ARIJ]], most of the village residents are descendants of the Bani Atta tribe from [[Al-Hijaz]]iya, who migrated to Palestine and settled in [[Jalud]], [[Kafr Ni'ma|Bani Ni'ma]], and [[Gaza City|Gaza]].<ref>[http://vprofile.arij.org/salfit/pdfs/vprofile/Iskaka_vp_en.pdf Iskaka Village Profile], ARIJ, pp. 5</ref>
==References==
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