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Adding local short description: "Recipient of the Victoria Cross", overriding Wikidata description "Victoria Cross recipient, British Army officer" (Shortdesc helper) |
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|birth_date= {{birth date|1906|4|11|df=yes}}
|death_date= {{death date and age|1986|4|19|1906|4|11|df=yes}}
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|branch= [[British Army]]
|serviceyears= 1925–1957
|servicenumber= 33647
|rank= [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]]
|unit= [[
|commands= 1st Battalion,
|battles= [[Second World War]]<br/>[[Korean War]]
* [[Battle of the Imjin River]]
|awards= [[Victoria Cross]]<br/>[[Distinguished Service Order]]<br/>[[Mentioned in Despatches]]<br/>[[Distinguished Service Cross (United States)|Distinguished Service Cross]] (United States)
|laterwork=
}}
[[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]] '''James Power Carne''' {{postnom|country=GBR|VC|DSO}} (11 April 1906 – 19 April 1986) was a [[British Army]] officer who served in both the [[Second World War]] and the [[Korean War]]. He was also a recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]] (VC), the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] forces, for actions during the [[Battle of the Imjin River]] during which Carne led ''The Glorious Glosters'' in a famous stand against an overwhelming Chinese attack on [[Gloster Hill]].▼
▲[[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]] '''James Power Carne''' {{postnom|country=GBR|VC|DSO}} (11 April 1906 – 19 April 1986) was a [[British Army]] officer in the Second World War and the [[Korean War]]. He was a recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]], the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] forces, for actions during the [[Battle of the Imjin River]] during which Carne led ''The Glorious Glosters'' in a famous stand against an overwhelming Chinese attack on [[Gloster Hill]].
==Early life==
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==Korean War==
Carne was 45 years old and a lieutenant colonel commanding the 1st Battalion, [[Gloucestershire Regiment|The Gloucestershire Regiment]] in November 1950 when the regiment was attached to the [[29th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|29th Independent Infantry Brigade]] and deployed to Korea following the outbreak of the [[Korean War]]. Carne led his battalion as they provided the rearguard to retreating [[United Nations]] forces following their defeat at the [[Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River]].
===Battle of the Imjin River and Victoria Cross===
In early April, Carne and his battalion were spread over a 9-mile (14 km) front along the [[Imjin River]] guarding a ford which was part of the main route to the city of [[Seoul]]. During the night of 22 April, Chinese forces launched their [[Chinese Spring Offensive|Spring Offensive]] which was intended to annihilate the British 29th Brigade as well as the US [[3rd Infantry Division (United States)|3rd Infantry Division]], thus enabling the capture of Seoul and delivering a crushing blow to UN forces in Korea.
In what became known as the [[Battle of the Imjin River]], Carne's Glosters and the rest of the British brigade were met by an onslaught of over 27,000 Chinese troops attacking in massed waves. Carne's leadership was instrumental in allowing the
{{Quotation|On 22/23 April 1951 near the [[Battle of the Imjin River|Imjin River]], [[Korea]], Lieutenant Colonel Carne's battalion was heavily and incessantly engaged by vastly superior numbers of the enemy. Throughout this time Colonel Carne moved among the whole battalion under very heavy mortar and machine-gun fire, inspiring the utmost confidence and the will to resist among his troops. On two separate occasions, armed with rifle and grenades, he personally led assault parties which drove back the enemy and saved important situations. His courage, coolness and leadership was felt not only in his own battalion but throughout the whole brigade.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=39994|supp=y|page=5693|date=23 October 1953}}</ref>}}
By the morning of 24 April, Carne and the surviving Glosters gathered on Hill 235 where he received orders from 3rd Division commander [[Robert H. Soule|General Soule]] that the Glosters were to hold their ground and await reinforcements.
===Prisoner of war===
[[File:Lieutenant Colonel James Power Carne VC, DSO.jpg|thumb|left|Lieutenant-Colonel James Carne VC pictured in 1953 after his return from the Korean War.]]
Carne fell into Chinese captivity after his 700-man battalion's astonishing resistance against an estimated 11,000 attackers was finally overcome. As the senior British officer among hundreds of prisoners kept in appalling conditions in camps in communist-held Korea, he was singled out for special treatment. While the other ranks were "re-educated" by the communist commissars at their camps, Carne was kept in solitary confinement.<ref>''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', 8 November 2006</ref>
According to documents held at the [[National Archives in Kew]] and not made public until 2006, when Carne was released in September 1953 he told Sir [[Esler Dening]], the British ambassador in Tokyo, "an extraordinary story" of [[brainwashing]].<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/11/08/npow08.xml Daily Telegraph]{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> "He says that between January 1952 and August this year he was kept in solitary confinement by Chinese communists and subjected to a softening-up process including the use of drugs, [the] result of which was, as he put it, to make his brain like a sponge, capable of receiving any kind of information put into it", Sir Esler told the Foreign Office in a "top secret" category telegram.
The note, which was sent straight to Sir [[Winston Churchill]], in his second term as
==Popular culture==
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==Honours and awards==
*13 July 1951 – Lieutenant-Colonel James Power Carne (33647), The Gloucestershire Regiment (missing) is awarded the [[Distinguished Service Order]] for gallant and distinguished services in Korea.<ref name="dso" />
*27 October 1953 – Lieutenant-Colonel James Power Carne, DSO, (33647), The Gloucestershire Regiment, is awarded the [[Victoria Cross]] in recognition of gallant and distinguished service in Korea.<ref name="vc" /> His Victoria Cross is held by the Soldiers of Gloucestershire Museum, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England.<ref>
*30 October 1953 – Lieutenant-Colonel James Power Carne, VC, DSO (33647)
<div class="center">
[[File:UK Victoria Cross
[[File:Dso-ribbon.png|100px]]
<br>
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[[File:QEII Silver Jubilee Medal ribbon.png|100px]]
[[File:Distinguished Service Cross ribbon.svg|100px]]
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* 28 August 1956 Lt-Col Carne was appointed [[Colonel (United Kingdom)#Ceremonial usage|Honorary Colonel]] of the [[5th Battalion, Gloucestershire Regiment]] ([[
==References==
{{reflist
<ref name="Census1911">[[Census in the United Kingdom|1911 Census of Falmouth]], RG14/13892, George Power Carne, 8 Cambridge Place, Falmouth, Cornwall.</ref>
<ref name="dso">{{London Gazette |issue=39285 |date=13 July 1951 |page=3810 |supp=y }}</ref>
<ref name="vc">{{London Gazette |issue=39994 |date=27 October 1953 |page=5693 |supp=y }}</ref>
<ref name="dsc">{{London Gazette |issue=39999 |date=30 October 1953 |page=5767 |supp=y }}</ref>}}
* {{cite book|first=Andrew |last=Salmon|title=To the Last Round: The Epic British Stand on the Imjin River, Korea 1951|publisher=Aurum Press|location=London|year= 2010|isbn=978-1-84513-533-1}}▼
==Bibliography==
▲*
==External links==
{{Portal|Cornwall}}
*
*
*
*{{Find a Grave|8024976|accessdate=1 January 2010}}
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[[Category:1906 births]]
[[Category:1986 deaths]]
[[Category:British Army colonels]]
[[Category:People educated at the Imperial Services College]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Korean War]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War II]]
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[[Category:British torture victims]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Cornwall]]
[[Category:Korean War prisoners of war held by PRC]]
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