(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
Mary Bartlett: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia
Wikipedia

Mary Bartlett: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
in use --> under construction
 
(26 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1:
{{for|other people with the same name}}
{{use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{under construction}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mary Bartlett
Line 7:
| caption =
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1739|12|27}}
| birth_date = 1730 <!-- {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year with {{Birth year and age|YYYY}} unless the exact date is already widely published, as per [[WP:DOB]]. For people who have died, use {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}}. -->
| birth_place = [[Newton, New Hampshire]]
| death_date = June 14, 1789<!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY1789|MM6|DD14|YYYY1739|MM12|DD27}} (DEATH date then BIRTH date) -->
| death_place = [[Kingston, New Hampshire]]
| nationality = <!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] -->
| other_names =
| occupation =
| spouse = [[Josiah Bartlett]]
| parents = Sarah (née Hoyt) and Joseph Bartlett
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works = Correspondence with her husband while he was at the [[Continental Congress]]
| notable_works =
}}
'''Mary Bartlett''' (1730–1789December 27, 1730 – June 14, 1789) was colonial American woman, caretaker, and patriot of [[New Hampshire]] who assisted her husband in his career and life. [[Josiah Bartlett]], was a physician and patriot, who became the [[governor of New Hampshire]] after her death.
 
From July 4, 1776 to November 1777, Josiah was a signer of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] and a drafter of the [[Articles of Confederation]]. As he worked for an independent America, Bartlett managed their large family, their farm, and coped with the insecurity, expense, and scarcity of the war. The letters that they wrote to each other during this period provide glimpses of lives of determined men and women in the fight for independence in spite of adversity.
 
==Early life==
Born inDecember 27, 1730,<ref name="PA">{{Cite web |title=Josiah Bartlett |url=https://athenaeum.pastperfectonline.com/byperson?page=2&keyword=Bartlett%2C%20Josiah%2C%201729-1795&searchType=person&showsearch=True |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Online Collections, Portsmouth Athenaeum}}</ref><ref name="Snodgrass">{{Cite book |last=Snodgrass |first=Mary Ellen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7CgzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA204|title=American Colonial Women and Their Art: A Chronological Encyclopedia |date=2017-11-10 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-7097-8 |pages=204 |language=en}}</ref> Mary Bartlett was the daughter of Sarah (née Hoyt) and Joseph Bartlett,{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|p=36}} who fought in the [[French and Indian Wars]] in 1707 at [[Haverhill, Massachusetts]]. He was captured and held captive for four years in Canada by the [[Algonquin people]].<ref name="Snodgrass" />{{sfn|Green|Green|1912|p=10}}

Bartlett, who had nine siblings.,{{sfn|Green|Green|1912|p=10}} She was from [[Newton, New Hampshire]].<ref name="PA" /> Well-education, she was described as "a lady of excellent character and an ornament to society" by Levi Bartlett.,{{sfn|Green|Green|1912|p=10}} the author of ''Genealogical and Biographical Sketches of the Bartlett Family in England and America'' (1876).{{sfn|Maier|1982|p=162}}
 
=={{Anchor|Marriage and children}} Marriage and children==
[[File:Josiah Bartlett.jpg|thumb|[[Josiah Bartlett]]]]
[[File:KingstonNH JosiahBartlettHouse.jpg|thumb|[[Josiah Bartlett House]], [[Kingston, New Hampshire]], [[National Register of Historic Places]]]]
On January 15, 1754, Mary Bartlett married her cousin [[Josiah Bartlett]], making her Mary Bartlett Bartlett.{{sfn|GreenBartlett Papers|Green|19121979|p=1036}}{{sfn|Bartlett PapersGreen|1979Green|1912|p=3610}} Josiah wasreceived notoriety as a physician whowhen he successfully treated black canker, a throat distemper (perhaps diphtheria), during an epidemic.{{sfn|Green|Green|1912|p=10}} He was a leader in the Committee of Correspondence, frequently in contact with [[Samuel Adams]] and other members. As Bartlett supported patriots and fought for [[American Revolution|American independence]], he suffered political and personal repercussions, including havingwhen histhe house[[Tory|Tories]] burned his house down in 1774.{{sfn|Green|Green|1912|p=12}}{{sfn|Roberts|2005|p=96}} Bartlett, her husband, and their eight children had to find a new home for the short term.{{sfn|Roberts|2005|p=96}} A new house was built in 1776.<ref name="AMM" />
 
Of twelve children, the following children lived to adulthood:<ref name="PA" /><ref name="BF">{{cite book|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?printsec=frontcover&output=reader&id=enfDdLAY83oC&pg=GBS.PA50 |title= Genealogical and Biographical Sketches of the Bartlett Family in England and America |author= Levi Bartlett (1876) |year= 1876 |pages=50–51|publisher= G. M. Merrill & Crocker |isbn= 9781548748166 }}</ref><ref name="NRHP" />
Of twelve children, the following children lived to adulthood:
* Mary, whoborn 1754, married Jonathan Greeley<ref name="PA" />▼
* Levi<ref name="PA" />
* Lois, born 1756, never married
* Joseph<ref name="PA" />
* Miriam, whoborn 1758, married Joseph Calef<ref name="PA" />▼
* Ezra<ref name="PA" />
* Rhoda, whoborn 1760, married Reuben True<ref name="PA" />▼
▲* Mary, who married Jonathan Greeley<ref name="PA" />
* Levi, born 1763, became a physician{{sfn|Maier|1982|p=162}}
▲* Miriam, who married Joseph Calef<ref name="PA" />
* Joseph or Josiah, born 1768, became a physician{{sfn|Maier|1982|p=162}}
▲* Rhoda, who married Reuben True<ref name="PA" />
* Ezra, born 1770, at age five in 1775 and 1776 he was seriously ill while his father was away. He recuperated and became a physician who lived until 1848.{{sfn|Maier|1982|pp=162–163}}
* Sarah, who married Amos Gale<ref name="PA" />
* LoisSarah, whoborn never1773, married<ref name="NRHP"Amos />Gale
 
Mary gave birth to two girls named Hannah. The second Hannah<ref name="BF" /> was conceived during Josiah's visit in the spring of 1776 and she was born December 13, 1776. She died in April 1777.{{sfn|Maier|1982|p=162}} Barlett managed the birth and death of her daughter on her own.{{sfn|Harris|1996|pp=16, 275}}
==Life partner==
Bartlett and her husband were good friends throughout their lives together. They had similar interests, like caring for his patients and an independent country. She supported him and was a counsellor, and also was directly involved in his work. Bartlett helped his patients and their friends to "bear the[ir] home burdens".{{sfn|Green|Green|1912|p=12}}▼
 
=={{Anchor|Life partner}} Life partner==
While Josiah was at the [[Continental Congress]] in Philadelphia, Bartlett and her husband exchanged letters that "represent a rich cache of documents about late eighteenth-century and Revolutionary domestic life, in addition to much local news."<ref name="NRHP" />{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|pp=18–20, 24–25, 31–32, 34–36, 38–39, 43–44, 46–47, 59–61, 63–65, 69–70, 77–78, 80–81, 86–86, within 85–125, within 177–229 }}▼
▲Bartlett and her husband were good friends throughout their lives together. They had similar interests, like caring for his patients and desiring an independent country. She supported him and, was ahis counsellor, and also was directly involved in the lives of his workpatients. Bartlett helped his patients and their friends to "bear the[ir] home burdens".{{sfn|Green|Green|1912|p=12}}
 
Josiah left for Philadelphia in September 1775.<ref name="Lawson">{{Cite book |last=Lawson |first=Russell M. |url=http://archive.org/details/newhampshire0000laws |title=New Hampshire |date=2006 |publisher=Interlink Books |isbn=978-1-56656-565-3 |location=Northampton, Massachusetts |pages=141}}</ref> He was at the [[Continental Congress]] in Philadelphia, and signed the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]] (July 4, 1776){{sfn|Roberts|2005|p=96}} and he was a creator of the [[Articles of Confederation]] (July 1776 and November 1777).{{sfn|Roberts|2005|p=104}}
 
▲While Josiahhe was at the [[Continental Congress]] in Philadelphiaaway, Bartlett and her husband exchanged letters that "represent a rich cache of documents about late eighteenth-century and Revolutionary domestic life, in addition to much local news."<ref name="NRHP" />{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|pp=18–20, 24–25, 31–32, 34–36, 38–39, 43–44, 46–47, 59–61, 63–65, 69–70, 77–78, 80–81, 86–86, within 85–125, within 177–229 }} Bartlett told her husband of the success of the apple and maize crops, news of the lives and deaths of family and neighbors, and other happenings in the community.<ref name="Lawson" /> Beyond mentioning what he was doing as a founder, Josiah mentioned how much he missed being home and the rural lifestyle and the smallpox epidemic in Philadelphia. Josiah received a vaccine, which gave him a case of small pox for about six days.<ref name="Lawson" />
 
Bartlett, pregnant at the time, managed the planting and harvesting of crops, cared for their large family, and oversaw the servants' work.<ref name="Snodgrass" />{{sfn|Roberts|2005|p=96}}{{sfn|Harris|1996|p=275}} They had an orchard with peach, apple, plum, and cherry trees.{{sfn|Harris|1996|p=276}} With that, she managed the stress of the [[Invasion of Quebec (1775)|war in Canada]], and concern about the British invasion of Colonial America.<ref name="Snodgrass" />{{sfn|Roberts|2005|p=96}} Her concerns grew as goods became increasingly expensive and scarce. She was concerned that many of the men in the militia did not have the skills and fortitude to protect the people of the [[Province of New Hampshire]]. With these fears, as well as the threat of dying during childbirth, she asked her husband to return to their home during the winter months.{{sfn|Roberts|2005|p=96}} Josiah went home for a bit, during which he treated men of the New Hampshire militia, and he then returned to Congress. In their letters they spoke of their fears and hopes, as well as the state of the crops at home. They shared information and thoughts about the movements of the British and the New Hampshire militia, as well as [[George Washington]]'s intentions.{{sfn|Roberts|2005|pp=103–105}} Josiah stayed with Congress until someone from New Hampshire could replace him. In the meantime, he asked Bartlett to "order some wood" and hire someone "to tarry with you till my return in order to prepare for the winter".{{sfn|Roberts|2005|p=105}}
 
Cokie Roberts said of Mary and women like her in her book ''Founding Mothers : The women who raised our nation'',
{{block quote|Mary Bartlett's story is not one of high drama, at least not after she was burned out of house and home for her husband's political views, but it is one that shows how crucial a role these women played while their husbands fought the battles and formed the laws of the new nation. It was not just that they were making it all work at home, they were also passionate patriots themselves, engaged in the government and the war just as their husbands, sons, brothers, fathers, and friends were.{{sfn|Roberts|2005|p=105}}}}
 
While Bartlett and Josiah were dedicated to the fight for independence, they fostered stability in their daily lives.{{sfn|Maier|1982|p=272}}
 
==Death==
[[File:Mourning Picture for Josiah Bartlett and Mary Bartlett.jpg|thumb|Laura Bartlett, ''Mourning Picture for Josiah Bartlett and Mary Bartlett'', between 1795 and 1812, Historic New England]]
Bartlett died on July 14, 1789, in Kingston, New Hampshire.<ref name="NRHP" />{{sfn|Green|Green|1912|p=10}}<ref name="NRHP" />{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|p=xxxvi}}{{efn| She is also said to have died June 14, 1789, based upon a letter about her death dated June 18, 1789.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 18, 1789 |title=Letter regarding the death of Mary Bartlett, Josiah Bartlett Family Papers, 1710-1937 |url=https://www.nhhistory.org/object/350851/letter-regarding-the-death-of-mary-bartlett-1789-june-18 |website=New Hampshire Historical Society }}</ref> But, Josiah wrote a letter to his daughter Rhoda True that sheBartlett died that day, July 14, 1789.{{sfn|Bartlett Papers|1979|p=319}}}} Josiah Bartlett died May 19, 1795. They are buried in the Bartlett Box Tomb at [[Plains Cemetery]], [[Kingston, New Hampshire]]. Four of their children—Miriam, Sarah, Lois, and Levi–and their spouses are buried at the cemetery.<ref name="NRHP">{{Cite web |title=Plains Cemetery, National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form |url=https://www.kingstonnh.org/sites/g/files/vyhlif9761/f/uploads/kingston_plains_cemetery_national_register_nomination_package.pdf |website=United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service |pages=12, 29–30}}</ref>
 
Daughter Laura Bartlett made the watercolor painting ''Mourning Picture for Josiah Bartlett and Mary Bartlett''. On the sarcophogus[[sarcophagus]] was the message "Sacred to the memory of His Excellency Joseph Bartlett, Obit May, 1795 AE 65ys." and on the edge of the tomb is: "In the memory of Mary, consort of, Josiah Bartlett, Obit 14th July 1789 AE 58 ys."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mourning Picture for Josiah Bartlett and Mary Bartlett |url=https://www.historicnewengland.org/explore/collections-access/gusn/2797 |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=Historic New England}}</ref>
 
==Legacy==
The Mary Bartlett chapter of the [[Daughters of the American Revolution]] was named after Bartlett, wife of Josiah.<ref name="AMM">{{Cite magazine |date=March 1908 |title=Mary Bartlett Chapter|volume= 32 | issue= 3 |url=http://archive.org/details/sim_american-spirit_1908-03_32_3 |magazine=American Monthly Magazine |publisher=National Society of the Daughters |pages=248–249, 273 |language=English}}</ref> The Mary Barlett Fund was established to take in donations that were used for worthwhile projects, such as an elevator for the [[Memorial Continental Hall]], books, and other endeavors.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=November 1909 |title=Meeting Minutes | volume=35 | issue= 5 |url=http://archive.org/details/sim_american-spirit_1909-11_35_5 |magazine=American Monthly Magazine |publisher=National Society of the Daughters |pages=n62–n64 |language=English}}</ref>
 
==Notes==
Line 57 ⟶ 76:
 
==Bibliography==
* {{cite book | url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Pioneer_Mothers_of_America/ZHwDAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&pg=PA452 | title=Pioneer Mothers of America | page=452 |first1=Harry Clinton | last1=Green|first2=Mary Wolcott| last2=Green | publisher=G. P. Putnam's Sons |year=1912 }}▼
* {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|Bartlett Papers|1979}} |last=Bartlett |first=Josiah |url=http://archive.org/details/papersofjosiahba0000unse |title=The papers of Josiah Bartlett |date=1979 |publisher=Published for the New Hampshire Historical Society by the University Press of New England |isbn=978-0-87451-168-0 |location=Hanover, New Hampshire}}
▲* {{cite book | url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Pioneer_Mothers_of_America/ZHwDAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&pg=PA452 | title=Pioneer Mothers of America | page=452 |first1=Harry Clinton | last1=Green|first2=Mary Wolcott| last2=Green | publisher=G. P. Putnam's Sons |year=1912 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Harris |first=Sharon M. |url=http://archive.org/details/americanwomenwri00harr |title=American women writers to 1800 |date=1996 |publisher= Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-508453-5 |location=New York}}
* {{Cite book |last=Maier | url=https://archive.org/details/oldrevolutionari0000maie/page/162/ |first=Pauline |title=The old revolutionaries : political lives in the age of Samuel Adams |date=1982 |publisher=Vintage Books |isbn=978-0-394-75073-6 |location=New York}}
* {{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/foundingmothersw00robe/page/96 | title=Founding Mothers : The women who raised our nation |first1=Cokie | last1=Roberts | year=2005 | location=New York | publisher= Perennial |isbn=978-0-06-009026-5}}
 
==Further reading==
* {{Cite book |last=Smith |first=Paul Hubert |url=http://archive.org/details/lettersofdelegat10smit |title=Letters of delegates to Congress, 1774-1789 |last2=Gephart |first2=Ronald M. |date=1976 |publisher=Washington : Library of Congress : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O. |isbn=978-0-8444-0177-5}}
 
{{Authority control}}
Line 66 ⟶ 91:
[[Category:1730 births]]
[[Category:1789 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Newton, New Hampshire]]
[[Category:People from Kingston, New Hampshire]]
[[Category:18th-century American women]]
[[Category:18th-century American letter writers]]
[[Category:Women in the American Revolution]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Bartlett"