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{{Short description|Shrubland plant community in the Mediterranean}}
{{About|the Mediterranean scrubland|other uses|Garrigues (disambiguation)}}
{{
[[Image:Garrigue 2007-09-20.JPG|thumb|250px|Garrigue
'''Garrigue''' or '''garigue''' ({{IPAc-en|ɡ|ə|ˈ|r|iː|ɡ}} {{respell|gə|REEG}}), also known as '''phrygana''' ({{lang-el|φρύγανα}} {{IPA-el|ˈfriɣana|}}, [[neuter gender|n.]] [[plural|pl.]]),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.archive.org/stream/conspectusflora06halgoog/conspectusflora06halgoog_djvu.txt|title = Conspectus florae graecae|year = 1901}}</ref> is a type of low
It is found on [[limestone]] soils in [[southern France]] and around the [[Mediterranean Basin]], generally near the seacoast where the moderated [[Mediterranean climate]] provides annual summer [[drought]]. It is an anthropogenic [[Forest degradation|degradation]] and [[Ecological succession|succession]] form of former [[evergreen]] oak forests that existed until around 2500 years BC.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.educ-envir.org/~euziere/science/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=31
| title = Garrigues en pays languedocien
| language = | publisher = Ecologistes de l'Euzière
| year = 2007
| | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131102110529/http://www.educ-envir.org/~euziere/science/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=31
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web▼
| archive-date = 2013-11-02
| url-status = dead
▲ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.southerntimes.net/History-of-the-Garrigue.html
| title = History of the Garrigue
| first = Peter | last = Shield
| publisher = Southern Times
|
}}
</ref><ref>''Garrigue, une histoire qui ne manque pas de piquant'', Ecolodoc no. 7 - Éditions Écologistes de l’Euzière, avril 2007 {{ISBN
The term has also found its way into [[haute cuisine]], suggestive of the resinous flavours of a garrigue [[shrubland]].<ref>[http://www.saultenprovence.com/GB/ProduitsDetail.asp?IdProduit=34 Bienvenue sur le site officiel de l'office de tourisme de la région de Sault<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061021002854/http://www.saultenprovence.com/GB/ProduitsDetail.asp?IdProduit=34 |date=2006-10-21 }}</ref>
==Habitat and vegetation==
[[File:Garrigue herault.jpg|thumb|250px|Garrigue in [[Languedoc]], [[
[[Image:Cistus-and-Senecio.JPG|thumb|250px|''[[Cistus]]'' and ''[[Senecio]]'' are characteristic plants of the garrigue.]]
[[File:Kula Kegljevica.JPG|thumb|250px|Garig in [[Bukovica, Croatia]].]]
UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre described garrigue as "discontinuous bushy associations of the Mediterranean [[calcareous]] [[plateau]]s, which have relatively [[alkaline soil]]s. It is often composed of [[kermes oak]], [[lavender]], [[thyme]], and white [[cistus]]. There may be a few isolated trees."<ref>[http://www.unep-wcmc.org/forest/eu_gap/Technical%20Report.pdf UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, "European Forests and Protected Areas: Gap Analysis", 2000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124258/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/forest/eu_gap/Technical%20Report.pdf |date=2007-09-29 }} (pdf file)</ref><ref>Renault, J.-M. (2000): La Garrigue - grandeur nature. - Barcelona: Les créations du Pélican.</ref><ref>Hubert Delobette, Alice Dorques, ''Trésors retrouvés de la garrigue'', Le Papillon Rouge Éditeur, 2003 {{ISBN
Garrigue is discontinuous with widely spaced bush associations with open spaces, and is often extensive. It is associated with limestone and base rich soils, and calcium associated plants.
Aside from dense thickets of kermes oak that punctuate the garrigue landscape, [[juniper]] and stunted [[Quercus ilex|holly oak]]s and [[Quercus rotundifolia|holm oak]]s are the typical trees; aromatic lime-tolerant shrubs such as [[lavender]], [[Salvia officinalis|sage]], [[rosemary]], [[wild thyme]] and ''[[Artemisia (plant)|Artemisia]]'' are common garrigue plants.
===Allelopathy===
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==Similar ecoregions==
''Garrigue'' is a common general word for the shrubland [[habitat]] [[ecosystem]]s in southern France along with [[Maquis shrubland|
In [[California chaparral and woodlands|California]] a similar Mediterranean climate [[ecoregion]] is named [[chaparral]]; in [[Chile]] it
===Maquis===
Both garrigue and maquis are associated with the [[Mediterranean climate]] within the [[Mediterranean region]]. However, the distinction is not clear and term use is inconsistent.
[[Maquis shrubland]] is broadly similar to garrigue, but the vegetation is
==Conservation==
[[Deforestation]] of the indigenous oak forest since the [[Late Bronze Age]], for cultivation of
==Origin of the word==
First cited in
==Uses==
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===Viticulture===
Grapes that are grown in the ''garrigues'' region of France are said to produce [[French wine|wines]] with a "barnyard" or "earthy" tone, or "the herbal scent of lavender that fills the hills of Provence in the summer time."
| url = http://www.wineloverspage.com/wines/wt033000.shtml
| title = Wine Tasting Report: Chateau Saint Martin de la Garrigues 1997 Bronzinelle Coteaux du Languedoc
| publisher = Wine Lovers Page
| date = March 2000
| | archive-date = 14 June 2011
}}</ref> Some wines bottled in Southern France contain the word ''Garrigues'' as part of their [[appellation]] or label name.▼
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110614001851/http://www.wineloverspage.com/wines/wt033000.shtml
| url-status = dead
▲ }}</ref> Some wines bottled in [[Southern France]] contain the word ''
==See also==
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==External links==
*'''{{
*{{
*{{
{{wines}}
[[Category:Matorral shrubland|*]]
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[[Category:Ecoregions of Europe]]
[[Category:Environment of the Mediterranean]]
[[Category:Flora of the Mediterranean
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