Free City of Cracow: Difference between revisions

<span class="plainlinks"></span>{{EngvarB|date=February 2018}}

{{Infobox country

| conventional_long_name = Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory

*[[Kraków złoty]] ''(from 1835)''}}

}}

 

The '''Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory''',{{efn|[[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Wolne, Niepodległe i Ściśle Neutralne Miasto Kraków z Okręgiem''}}{{Efn|The [[Polish language|Polish]] variant of name Kraków is occasionally retroactively applied in English to the historical Free City.|name=|group=}} more commonly known as the '''Free City of Cracow''',{{efn|[[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Wolne Miasto Kraków''; [[German language|German]]: ''Freie Stadt Krakau''}} and the '''Republic of Cracow''',{{efn|[[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Rzeczpospolita Krakowska''; {{lang-de|Republik Krakau}}}} was a [[city-state|city republic]] created by the [[Congress of Vienna]] in 1815, which included the Polish city of [[Cracow]] and its surrounding areas.

 

 

The Free City of Cracow was an overwhelmingly Polish-speaking city-state; of its population 85% were Catholics, 14% were Jews, while other religions comprised less than 1%. The city of Cracow itself had a Jewish population reaching nearly 40%, while the rest were almost exclusively Polish-speaking Catholics.<ref name="censuses">''Censuses of the Austro-Hungarian Statistical Central Commission'', cited in Anson Rabinbach, ''The Migration of Galician Jews to Vienna.'' Austrian History Yearbook, Volume XI, Berghahn Books/Rice University Press, Houston 1975, p. 46/47 (table III)</ref>

The Free City was approved and guaranteed by [[Wikisource:Final Act of the Congress of Vienna/Act III#Article VII|Article VII]] of the [[Wikisource:Final Act of the Congress of Vienna/Act II|Treaty between Austria, Prussia, and Russia]] of 3 May 1815.{{sfn|Hertslet|1875|p=127}} The statelet received an [[Wikisource:Final Act of the Congress of Vienna/Constitution of the Free City of Kraków|initial constitution]] at the same time,{{sfn|Hertslet|1875|p=127}} revised and expanded in 1818, establishing significant autonomy for the city. The [[Jagiellonian University]] could accept students from the partitioned territory of Poland. The Free City thus became a centre of Polish political activity on the territories of [[partitioned Poland]].

 

{{Polish statehood}}

 

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{{unreferenced section|date=December 2012}}

 

 

In 1815, its population was 95,000; as of 1843, it had a population of 146,000. 85% of them were Catholics, 14% Jews, while other religions comprised 1%. The most notable [[szlachta]] family was the [[Potocki]] family of [[magnates]], who had a mansion in [[Krzeszowice]].

 

==References==

*{{Citation |last=Feuchtwanger|first=E. J.|title=Prussia: Myth and Reality |year=1970 |publisher=Henry Regnery Company |location=Chicago |pages=262 |isbn=0-85496-108-9}}

*{{Citation |last=Hertslet |first=Edward |author-link=Edward Hertslet |year=1875 |chapter=No.15 |title=The map of Europe by treaty; showing the various political and territorial changes which have taken place since the general peace of 1814 |location=London |publisher=Butterworths. (No. 12)|page= [https://archive.org/details/mapofeuropebytre01hertuoft 127]}}

==Further reading==

{{Wikisource|Final Act of the Congress of Vienna/Act III|Congress of Vienna: Treaty relative to Kraków, between Austria, Prussia, and Russia (3 May 1815)}}

*{{Citation|author=EB staff |chapter-url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9026723/Republic-of-Kraków |chapter=Republic of Kraków |title=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] online |access-date=12 December 2012}}

 

{{Coord|50|3|42|N|19|56|14|E|type:country_region:PL|display=title}}

 

[[Category:1815 establishments in Europe]]

[[Category:1846 disestablishments in Europe]]

[[Category:States and territories established in 1815]]

[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1846]]

[[Category:Condominia (international law)]]

[[Category:Former countries]]