Content deleted Content added
→Infobox: Changed the native name. |
Evasium112 (talk | contribs) No edit summary Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
||
| (25 intermediate revisions by 20 users not shown) | |||
Line 2:
<span class="plainlinks"></span>{{EngvarB|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox country
| native_name =
| conventional_long_name = Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory
| common_name = Cracow
| status = City-state
| government_type = [[Constitutional republic]]
| status_text = [[Protectorate]] of [[Austrian Empire|Austria]], [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]], and [[Russian Empire|Russia]]|
| p1 = Duchy of Warsaw
Line 22:
| leader1 = {{ill|Stanisław Wodzicki|pl}}
| year_leader1 = 1815–1831
| legislature = [[Assembly of Representatives (Kraków)
| area_km2 = 1188.8
| image_flag = Flag of Kraków.svg
| flag = Symbols of Kraków
| image_coat = Coat of arms of the Free City of Cracow.svg
| symbol = Symbols of Kraków
▲| symbol_type = Coat of arms
| image_map = Free City of Kraków 1815.svg
| image_map_caption = Location of the Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory within Europe
| image_map2 = Rzeczpospolita Krakowska 1815 EN.png
| image_map2_caption = Territory of the Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory (orange) and its three neighbours (Kingdom of Prussia, Austrian Empire and Russian Empire)|
| common_languages = {{ubl|[[Polish language|Polish]] (official)
| religion = [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]], [[Judaism]]
| capital = [[Kraków|Cracow]] (Kraków)
| currency = {{plainlist|
*[[
*[[Kraków złoty]] ''(from 1835)''}}
| today = [[Poland]]
}}
{{History of Poland}}
The '''Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory''',{{efn|[[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Wolne, Niepodległe i Ściśle Neutralne Miasto Kraków z Okręgiem''}}{{Efn|The [[Polish language|Polish]] variant of name Kraków is occasionally retroactively applied in English to the historical Free City.|name=|group=}} more commonly known as the '''Free City of Cracow''',{{efn|[[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Wolne Miasto Kraków''; [[German language|German]]: ''Freie Stadt Krakau''}} and the '''Republic of Cracow''',{{efn|[[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Rzeczpospolita Krakowska''; {{lang-de|Republik Krakau}}}} was a [[city-state|city republic]] created by the [[Congress of Vienna]] in 1815, which included the Polish city of [[Cracow]] and its surrounding areas.
It was [[Condominium (international law)|jointly controlled]] by its three neighbours ([[Russian Empire|Russia]], [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]], and [[Austrian Empire|Austria]]), and was a centre of agitation for an independent Poland. In 1846, in the aftermath of the unsuccessful [[Kraków Uprising]], the Free City of Cracow was annexed by the Austrian Empire.{{sfn|Degan|1997|p=378}} It was a remnant of the [[Duchy of Warsaw]], which was [[Partitions of Poland|partitioned]]
The Free City of Cracow was an overwhelmingly Polish-speaking city-state; of its population 85% were Catholics, 14% were Jews, while other religions comprised less than 1%. The city of Cracow itself had a Jewish population reaching nearly 40%, while the rest were almost exclusively Polish-speaking Catholics.<ref name="censuses">''Censuses of the Austro-Hungarian Statistical Central Commission'', cited in Anson Rabinbach, ''The Migration of Galician Jews to Vienna.'' Austrian History Yearbook, Volume XI, Berghahn Books/Rice University Press, Houston 1975, p. 46/47 (table III)</ref>
Line 50 ⟶ 52:
The Free City was approved and guaranteed by [[Wikisource:Final Act of the Congress of Vienna/Act III#Article VII|Article VII]] of the [[Wikisource:Final Act of the Congress of Vienna/Act II|Treaty between Austria, Prussia, and Russia]] of 3 May 1815.{{sfn|Hertslet|1875|p=127}} The statelet received an [[Wikisource:Final Act of the Congress of Vienna/Constitution of the Free City of Kraków|initial constitution]] at the same time,{{sfn|Hertslet|1875|p=127}} revised and expanded in 1818, establishing significant autonomy for the city. The [[Jagiellonian University]] could accept students from the partitioned territory of Poland. The Free City thus became a centre of Polish political activity on the territories of [[partitioned Poland]].
During the [[November Uprising]] of
{{Polish statehood}}
<gallery>
File:Józef Brodowski 001.JPG|Granting of the constitution of the Free City of Kraków,
File:Rabacja galicyjska.JPG|[[Galician slaughter]] (''Polish'' "Rzeź galicyjska") by [[Jan Lewicki]] (
</gallery>
Line 61 ⟶ 63:
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2012}}
The Free City of Cracow was created from the southwest part of the [[Duchy of Warsaw]] (part of the former [[Kraków Department]] on the left bank of the [[Vistula]] river).
In 1815, its population was 95,000; as of 1843, it had a population of 146,000. 85% of them were Catholics, 14% Jews, while other religions comprised 1%. The most notable [[szlachta]] family was the [[Potocki]] family of [[magnates]], who had a mansion in [[Krzeszowice]].
Line 99 ⟶ 101:
==References==
*{{Citation |last=Degan |first=Vladimir Đuro |year=1997 |title=Developments in International Law: Sources of Internat'l |volume=27 |series=Developments in International Law Series |edition=illustrated |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |isbn=9789041104212 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=K0pTp1qCc9UC&pg=PA378
*{{Citation |last=Feuchtwanger|first=E. J.|title=Prussia: Myth and Reality |year=1970 |publisher=Henry Regnery Company |location=Chicago |pages=262 |isbn=0-85496-108-9}}
*{{Citation |last=Hertslet |first=Edward |author-link=Edward Hertslet |year=1875 |chapter=No.15 |title=The map of Europe by treaty; showing the various political and territorial changes which have taken place since the general peace of 1814 |location=London |publisher=Butterworths. (No. 12)|page= [https://archive.org/details/mapofeuropebytre01hertuoft 127]}}
Line 106 ⟶ 108:
{{Wikisource|Final Act of the Congress of Vienna/Act III|Congress of Vienna: Treaty relative to Kraków, between Austria, Prussia, and Russia (3 May 1815)}}
{{Wikisource|Final Act of the Congress of Vienna/Constitution of the Free City of Cracow|Constitution of the Free City of Kraków (3 May 1815)}}
*{{Commons category-inline}}
*{{Citation|author=EB staff |chapter-url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9026723/Republic-of-Kraków |chapter=Republic of Kraków |title=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] online |access-date=12 December 2012}}
Line 120 ⟶ 122:
[[Category:19th century in Poland]]
[[Category:History of Kraków|Free City of Cracow]]
[[Category:Free City of Kraków| ]]
[[Category:Condominia (international law)]]
| |||