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{{Short description|German printer (1774–1833)}}
[[Image:Friedrich Koenig.jpg|thumb|Friedrich Koenig]]
{{For|people with similar names|Friedrich König (disambiguation){{!}}Friedrich König}}
[[File:KBA.jpg|thumb|history of printing press manufacturers]]
{{Infobox person
 
[[de:| name = Friedrich Koenig]]▼
'''Friedrich Gottlob Koenig''' (April 17, 1774 in [[Eisleben]] – January 17, 1833) was a [[Germany|German]] [[inventor]] best known for his high-speed [[printing press]], which he built together with watchmaker [[Andreas Friedrich Bauer]].▼
[[fr| image = File:Friedrich Koenig]].jpg▼
 
| caption =
He moved to London in 1804 and in 1810 was granted a [[patent]] on his press, which produced its first trial run in April 1812.<ref name="meggs130-133">Meggs, Philip B. A History of Graphic Design. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1998. (pp 130–133)</ref> The machine was set up in their workshop, and invitations sent out to potential customers, notably [[John Walter (second)|John Walter]] of ''[[The Times]]''. Amidst much secrecy, for fear of upsetting the existing pressmen, trials were carried out with great success. The first issue of ''The Times'' printed with the new presses was published on November 29, 1814.<ref name="meggs130-133"/>▼
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1774|4|17|df=yes}}
 
| birth_place =
In 1817 Koenig returned to Germany. After consideration he chose an abandoned monastery in [[Würzburg]] for the premises of the factory. The firm was called [[Koenig & Bauer]].▼
| birth_name = Friedrich Gottlob Koenig
 
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1833|1|17|1774|4|17|df=yes}}
== Printing capacity ==
| death_place =
[[File:Koenig's steam press - 1814.png|thumb|1814 model]]▼
| nationality = German
| occupation = [[Inventor]]
}}▼
▲[[File:Koenig's steam press - 1814.png|thumb|Koenig's 1814 modelsteam-powered printing press]]
▲'''Friedrich Gottlob Koenig''' (17 April 17, 1774 in [[Eisleben]] &ndash; January 17, January 1833) was a [[GermanyGermans|German]] [[inventor]] best known for his high-speed steam-powered [[printing press]], which he built together with watchmaker [[Andreas Friedrich Bauer]]. This new style of printing press could print up to 69,000 sheets per hour,<ref>Lyons, M. (2011). ''Books : a living history''. Los Angeles : J. Paul Getty Museum, c2011.</ref> printing on both sides of the paper at the same time.
 
▲He moved to London in 1804 and in 1810 was granted a [[patent]] on his press, which produced its first trial run in April 1812.<ref name="meggs130-133">Meggs, Philip B. A History of Graphic Design. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1998. (pp 130–133)</ref> The machine was set up in their workshop, and invitations sent out to potential customers, notably [[John Walter (second)|John Walter]] of ''[[The Times]]''. Amidst much secrecy, for fear of upsetting the existing pressmen, trials were carried out with great success. The first issue of ''The Times'' printed with the new presses was published on November 29, November 1814.<ref name="meggs130-133"/>
The table lists the maximum number of pages which Koenig's various press designs could print ''per hour'', compared to earlier hand-operated printing presses:
 
▲In August 1817 Koenig returned to Germany because of a disagreement with [[Thomas Bensley]], a London book printer partner, who Koenig believed sought sole rights to the new machine. After consideration he chose an abandoned monastery in [[Würzburg]] for the premises of the factory. The firm was called [[Koenig & Bauer]].
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1px; border:1px solid #cccccc; "
|----- align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="cccccc"
|-
|
! colspan="2" | Hand-operated presses
! colspan="4" | Steam-powered presses
|-
! width="10%" |
! width="10%" | [[Johannes Gutenberg|Gutenberg]]-style <br /><small>ca. 1600
! width="10%" | [[Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl Stanhope|Stanhope]] press <br /><small>ca. 1800
! width="10%" | Koenig press <br /><small>1812<!-- British patent nos. 3496 and 3725 -->
! width="10%" | Koenig press <br /><small>1813<!-- British patent no. 3725 (Doppelmaschine) -->
! width="10%" | Koenig press <br /><small>1814<!-- British patent no. 3868 -->
! width="10%" | Koenig press <br /><small>1818<!-- British patent no. 3868 (Zweitourenmaschine) -->
|-
|Impressions per hour
| 240 <ref>{{harvnb|Wolf|1974|pp=67f.}}</ref> || 480 <ref>{{harvnb|Bolza|1967|p=80}}</ref> || 800 <ref>{{harvnb|Bolza|1967|p=83}}</ref> || 1100 <ref>{{harvnb|Bolza|1967|p=87}}</ref> || 2000 <ref name="Bolza 1967, 88">{{harvnb|Bolza|1967|p=88}}</ref> || 2400 <ref name="Bolza 1967, 88"/>
|-
|}
 
==References==
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== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.victorianweb.org/technology/print/3.html Koenig's press]
* [http://www.kba-printvictorianweb.deorg/entechnology/unternehmenprint/geschichte/1850-18753.html History of Koenig's & Bauerpress]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110927212153/http://www.kba-print.de/en/unternehmen/geschichte/1850-1875.html History of Koenig & Bauer]
 
{{Authority control}}
 
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Koenig, Friedrich
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = April 17, 1774
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = January 17, 1833
| PLACE OF DEATH =
▲}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Koenig, Friedrich}}
[[Category:1774 births]]
[[Category:1833 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century German inventors]]
[[Category:German printers]]
[[Category:People from Eisleben]]
[[Category:Immigrants to the United Kingdom]]
 
[[Category:Emigrants from the Holy Roman Empire]]
▲[[de:Friedrich Koenig]]
▲[[fr:Friedrich Koenig]]
[[hu:Friedrich Koenig]]
[[pl:Friedrich Koenig]]
[[sv:Friedrich Koenig]]
[[vi:Friedrich Koenig]]
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