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{{Short description|Battle between the Sasanians and the Romans (244)}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Misiche
| width =
| partof = the [[Roman–Persian Wars]]
| image = File:Sasanian Asoristan and its surroundings.svg
| caption = Peroz-Shapur (Misiche) on the border of [[Asorestan]] (Mesopotamia)
| caption = ▼
| date = Winter of 244
| place = Misiche (later [[Anbar (town)|Peroz Shapur]]), [[Asōristān|Mesopotamia]] (modern Iraq)
| coordinates = {{WikidataCoord|display=it}}
| map_type = Iraq
| map_relief = yes
| map_size =
| map_marksize =
| map_caption =
| map_label =
| map_mark =
| territory =
| result = Sasanian victory<ref>
*[[Philip the Arab]] paid 500,000 denarii to the Sasanian Empire and cedes Armenia and Mesopotamia to them<ref>Aurelius Victor, ''Liber de Caesaribus'', 27.
| status =
| combatants_header =
| combatant1 = [[Sasanian Empire]]
| combatant2 = [[Roman Empire]]<br />[[Goths]]<br />[[Germania|Germans]]
| commander1 = [[Shapur I]]
| commander2 = [[Gordian III]]
| units1 =
| units2 =
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| notes =
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Roman–Persian Wars}} {{Campaignbox Crisis of the Third Century}}
}}
The '''Battle of Misiche''' ([[Koine Greek|Greek]]: {{lang|grc|Μισιχή}}), '''Mesiche'''
==Background==
The initial war began when the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] Emperor [[Gordian III]] invaded the [[Sasanian Empire]] in 243 AD. His troops advanced as far as Misiche. The location of that city (or maybe a district) is conjectural,<ref>[[Ernst Herzfeld]] counters [[Michael Rostovtzeff|Rostovtzeff]]'s view that it was in [[Assyria]], writing "But Sas[anian] [[Asuristan]] is [[Babylonia]]..., and Mesiche is Pliny's Masice, the point on the [[Euphrates]] in the measurements of the [[Bematist]]s." Herzfeld, ''The Persian Empire: Studies in Geography and Ethnography of the Ancient Near East'' (F. Steiner, 1968), p. 219.</ref> but is placed at modern [[Anbar (town)|Anbar]].{{Sfn|Frye|1983|p=125}}
==The battle==
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<blockquote>When at first we had become established in the empire, Gordian Caesar assembled from all of the Roman, Goth and German lands a military force and marched on [[Asorestan]] (Mesopotamia) against the ''[[Ērānšahr]]'' (Sasanian Empire) and against us. On the border of Asorestan at Misiche, a great frontal battle occurred. Gordian Caesar was killed and the Roman force was destroyed. And the Romans made Philip Caesar. Then Philip Caesar came to us for terms, and to ransom their lives, gave us 500,000 denars, and became tributary to us. And for this reason we have renamed Misiche ''Peroz-Shapur'' [literally "Victorious Shapur"].<ref>''[[Res Gestae Divi Saporis]]'', 3-4 (translation of Shapur's inscription at Naqsh-e Rustam).</ref></blockquote>
The Roman sources never admitted the defeat.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Potter|first1=David S.|title=The Roman Empire at Bay, AD 180–395|date=2014|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=9781134694846|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hGuGAgAAQBAJ&
The third tradition, reported in 6th century by John Malalas and three more eastern historians in 9th to 12th century, specifies that Gordianus crushed his thigh falling off his horse in battle and died of his injury, Malalas further specifying that he died on the way back
==Aftermath==
Gordian's successor, [[Philip the Arab]], was proclaimed emperor of Rome and made peace with Shapur. The next major clash between the two empires took place in 252, when Shapur defeated a large Roman force at the [[Battle of Barbalissos]] and successfully invaded [[Syria]] and part of [[Anatolia]].
==Notes==
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* Potter, David S. ''The Roman Empire at Bay AD 180–395''. New York: Routledge, 2004. {{ISBN|0-415-10058-5}}
* Farrokh, Kaveh. ''Sassanian Elite Cavalry AD 224–642''. Osprey, 2005. {{ISBN|978-1-84176-713-0}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Battle Of Misiche}}
[[Category:240s conflicts|Misiche]]
[[Category:Battles of the Roman–Sasanian Wars|Mische]]
[[Category:244]]
[[Category:240s in the Roman Empire]]
[[Category:History of Al Anbar Governorate]]
[[Category:3rd century in Iran]]
[[Category:Battles involving early Germanic peoples|Misiche]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Goths|Misiche]]
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