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| image_shield = File:POL Olsztyn COA.svg
| image_blank_emblem = Logo_of_Olsztyn.jpg
| anthem = O Warmio moja miła
| blank_emblem_type = Brandmark
| pushpin_map = Poland
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| subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = ''city county''
| leader_party = [[
| leader_title = City mayor
| leader_name =
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 14th century
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[[File:Kopernikusplatz(plac Bema) - 16.04.1917.jpg|thumb|left|Kopernikusplatz (postcard, 1917)]]
[[File:Odnowiona kamienica przy placu Bema 3 4 4A w Olsztynie (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|[[Józef Bem]] Square, 2020]]
Shortly after the outbreak of [[World War I]] in 1914, Russian troops captured Allenstein, but it was recovered by the [[German Army (German Empire)|Imperial German Army]] in the [[Battle of Tannenberg (1914)|Battle of Tannenberg]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=German soldiers guarding Russian prisoners at Allenstein, August 1914 {{!}} Online Collection {{!}} National Army Museum, London |url=https://collection.nam.ac.uk/detail.php?acc=1997-07-67-64 |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=collection.nam.ac.uk}}</ref>
After the defeat of Germany in World War I, the [[East Prussian plebiscite]] was held in 1920 to determine whether the populace of the region, including Allenstein, wished to remain in German [[East Prussia]] or become part of [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]], which had just regained independence. In order to advertise the plebiscite, special postage stamps were produced by [[overprint]]ing German stamps and sold on 3 April of that year. One kind of overprint read <small>''PLÉBISCITE / OLSZTYN / ALLENSTEIN''</small>, while the other read <small>''TRAITÉ / DE / VERSAILLES / ART. 94 et 95''</small> inside an oval whose border gave the full name of the plebiscite commission. Each overprint was applied to 14 denominations ranging from 5 [[Pfennig]]s to 3 [[Mark (money)|Marks]]. The Polish community faced discrimination, Polish rallies were dispersed, the participants were threatened and beaten.<ref name=ao/> In March, Polish activist [[Bogumił Linka]] died in Allenstein, a few weeks after being attacked by the German militia in nearby [[Szczytno]] in [[Masuria]].<ref name=olsz>{{cite web|url=https://www.olsztyn24.com/news/9114-90lecie-smierci-bogumila-linki.html|title=90–lecie śmierci Bogumiła Linki|website=Olsztyn24|access-date=26 March 2020|language=pl}}</ref><ref name=gw>{{cite web|url=https://olsztyn.wyborcza.pl/olsztyn/1,48726,7702264,Pamieci_Bogumila_Linki_w_rocznice_smierci.html|title=Pamięci Bogumiła Linki w rocznicę śmierci|website=Gazeta Wyborcza|access-date=26 March 2020|language=pl}}</ref><ref>Piotr Stawecki
Warmiacy i Mazurzy - kawalerowie Krzyża i Medalu Niepodległosci Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie issue 2-3, page 309</ref> He was buried in Allenstein, however, his grave was soon devastated by local German nationalists.<ref name=olsz/><ref name=gw/><ref>
[[File:Olsztyn narożny Dom Polski Partyzantów 87 widok obu skrzydeł.jpg|thumb|Headquarters of various Polish organizations in the interbellum]]
In the [[interwar period]], numerous Polish organisations operated in the city, including the [[Polish Scouting and Guiding Association]], [[Union of Poles in Germany]], a
Beginning in 1936, members of the Polish minority were increasingly persecuted, especially members of the [[Union of Poles in Germany]].<ref name=ao/> In early 1939, many local Polish activists were expelled.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cygański|first=Mirosław|year=1984|title=Hitlerowskie prześladowania przywódców i aktywu Związków Polaków w Niemczech w latach 1939-1945|journal=Przegląd Zachodni|language=pl|issue=4|page=38}}</ref> In an attempt to rig the results of an upcoming census and understate the number of Poles in the city and region, the Germans terrorized the Polish population and, in May 1939, the [[Gestapo]] confiscated 10,000 Polish information leaflets in the headquarters of the ''Gazeta Olsztyńska''.<ref>Cygański, p. 39</ref> In August 1939, Germany introduced [[martial law]] in the region, which allowed for even more blatant persecution of Poles.<ref>Cygański, p. 40</ref> In August and September 1939, the authorities carried out mass arrests of local Poles, including the chairman of the local Polish bank and his assistant, the chief of the "Rolnik" Cooperative,<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2003|title="Intelligenzaktion" na Warmii, Mazurach i północnym Mazowszu|magazine=Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej|language=pl|publisher=[[Institute of National Remembrance|IPN]]|issue=12-1 (35-36)|page=39|issn=1641-9561}}</ref> and the principal of the local Polish school.<ref>Cygański, p. 42</ref>
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=== Lakes ===
The city is situated in a lake region of forests and plains. There are 15 lakes inside the administrative bounds of the city (13 with areas greater than 1 [[hectare|ha]]). The overall area of lakes in Olsztyn is about 725 ha, which constitutes 8.25% of the total city area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Olsztyn – the city of lakes and forests |url=https://visit.olsztyn.eu/en/article/371/olsztyn-the-city-of-lakes-and-forests |website=Visit Olsztyn}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px solid #f2f2f2; margin:1px 0; font-size:84%;"
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In 2006, authorities considered the reintroduction of trams in the city to address transport problems and subsequently concluded feasibility studies on the matter in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.railwaypro.com/wp/olsztyn-city-reintroduces-trams/|title=Olsztyn city reintroduces trams|date=2016-01-13|website=Railway PRO Communication Platform|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-03}}</ref> An {{convert|11|km|0|abbr=off|adj=on}} long [[tram]] network was built between 2011 and 2015. The contract was signed in 2011 and construction commenced in 2012.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Trams return to Olsztyn after 50 years |url=http://www.tautonline.com/trams-return-to-olsztyn-after-50-years/ |website=www.tautonline.com |access-date=3 February 2019 |language=en |date=2016-04-27}}</ref> It was a first new tram system built in [[Poland]] in 55 years; 15 low-floor [[Solaris Bus & Coach#Trams|Tramino]] trams were ordered from [[Solaris Bus & Coach|Solaris]] in September 2012.<ref>{{cite web |title=Solaris to deliver 15 Tramino low-floor trams to Olsztyn |url=http://www.breakingtravelnews.com/news/article/solaris-to-deliver-15-tramino-low-floor-trams-to-olsztyn/ |website=www.breakingtravelnews.com |access-date=3 February 2019 |date=2012-10-01}}</ref>
There are
===Air===
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* [[Mieczysław Aszkiełowicz]], [[Self-Defense of the Republic of Poland|Self-Defense of the Republic of Poland (Samoobrona Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej)]]
* [[Beata Bublewicz]], [[Civic Platform|Civic Platform (PO, Platforma Obywatelska)]]
* [[Jerzy Gosiewski]], [[Law and Justice (Poland)|Law and Justice (PiS, Prawo i Sprawiedliwość)]]
* [[Tadeusz Iwiński]], [[Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)|Democratic Left Alliance (SLD, Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej)]]
* [[Edward Ośko]], [[League of Polish Families|League of Polish Families (LPR, Liga Polskich Rodzin)]]
* [[Adam Puza]], [[Law and Justice (Poland)|Law and Justice (PiS, Prawo i Sprawiedliwość)]]
* [[Sławomir Rybicki]], [[Civic Platform|Civic Platform (PO, Platforma Obywatelska)]]
* [[Lidia Staroń]], [[Civic Platform|Civic Platform (PO, Platforma Obywatelska)]]
* [[Aleksander Szczygło|Aleksander Marek Szczygło]], [[Law and Justice (Poland)|Law and Justice (PiS, Prawo i Sprawiedliwość)]]
* [[Zbigniew Włodkowski]], [[Polish People's Party|Polish Peasant Party (PSL, Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe)]]
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* [[Ryszard Józef Górecki]], [[Civic Platform|Civic Platform (PO, Platforma Obywatelska)]]
* [[Jerzy Szmit]], [[Law and Justice (Poland)|Law and Justice (PiS, Prawo i Sprawiedliwość)]]
== Notable people ==
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*{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Calpe]], [[Province of Alicante|Alicante]], [[Valencian Community]], Spain
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Châteauroux]], [[Indre]], [[Centre-Val de Loire]], France<ref name="Châteauroux twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.ville-chateauroux.fr/fr/mieux-connaitre-chateauroux/relations-internationales/index.html|title=Le service municipal des jumelages|access-date=2013-08-04|work = Ville de Châteauroux|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120920033215/http://www.ville-chateauroux.fr/fr/mieux-connaitre-chateauroux/relations-internationales/index.html|archive-date=2012-09-20|language=fr|trans-title=Châteauroux municipal twinning service}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|DEU}} [[Gelsenkirchen]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], Germany<ref name="RuhrTwins2010">{{cite web |url=http://www.twins2010.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pic/Dokumente/List_of_Twin_Towns_01.pdf?PHPSESSID=2edd34819db21e450d3bb625549ce4fd |title=List of Twin Towns in the Ruhr District |work=Twins2010.com|access-date=28 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://
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*{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Lutsk]], Ukraine
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