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{{Short description|Experimental tokamak}}
{{Infobox fusion devices
|name = EAST
|fullname = Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak
|image =
|imagetitle = EAST vacuum vessel
|type = [[Tokamak]]
|city = [[Hefei]]
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}}
[[File:EAST-tokamak sketch.png|thumb|Technical sketch of EAST]]
[[File:EAST Tokamak plasma images.jpg|thumb|[[Plasma (physics)|Plasma]] in EAST]]
The '''Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak''' ('''EAST'''), internal designation HT-7U (Hefei Tokamak 7 Upgrade), is an experimental [[superconducting]] [[tokamak]] [[magnetic fusion energy]] reactor in [[Hefei]], China. The [[Hefei Institutes of Physical Science]] is conducting the experiment for the [[Chinese Academy of Sciences]]. It has operated since 2006.
It is the first tokamak to employ superconducting toroidal and poloidal magnets. It aims for plasma pulses of up to
Since China is a member of the international [[ITER]] project, it is hoped that EAST will provide new impetus for its further development.
== History ==
EAST followed China's first superconducting tokamak device, dubbed [[HT-7]], built by the Institute of Plasma Physics in partnership with [[Russia]] in the early 1990s.{{fact|date=September 2021}}
The project was proposed in 1996 and approved in 1998. According to a 2003 schedule,<ref>[http://202.127.205.62/IAC/disk/Design%20of%20the%20EAST(HT-7U) Project/6.doc] {{dead link|date=February 2016}}</ref> buildings and site facilities were to be constructed by 2003. Tokamak assembly was to take place from 2003 through 2005.
Construction was completed in March 2006 and on September 28, 2006, "first plasma" was achieved.<ref name=first-plasma>{{cite web|url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/2006/Sep/182561.htm |title=China's New Thermonuclear Fusion Reactor Test Successful |publisher=[[China Internet Information Center|China.org.net]] |date=September 29, 2006}}</ref>
According to official reports, the project's budget is [[Renminbi|CNY]] ¥300 million (approximately US$37 million), some 1/15 to 1/20 the cost of a comparable reactor built in other countries.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.people.com.cn/200601/21/eng20060121_237208.html|title=China to build world's first "artificial sun" experimental device
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=== Phase I ===
On September 28, 2006, first plasma was achieved—the first test lasted nearly three seconds, and generated an
By Jan 2007 "the reactor created a plasma lasting nearly five seconds and generating an
On November 7, 2010, EAST achieved its first [[H-mode]] plasma by LHW alone.{{cn|date=August 2021}}
In May 2011, EAST became the first tokamak to successfully sustain H-Mode plasma for over 30 seconds at ~50 million Kelvin.
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By May 2015, EAST was reporting 1 MA currents, and [[H-mode]] for 6.4 seconds.<ref>[http://english.ipp.cas.cn/rh/east/ EAST at IPP-CAS]</ref>
In February, 2016, a plasma pulse was maintained for a record 102 seconds at ~50 million
On November 2, 2016, EAST became the first tokamak to successfully sustain H-Mode plasma for over a minute at ~50 million °C.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.ipp.cas.cn/syxw/201611/t20161115_170479.html |title=EAST Achieves Longest Steady-state H-mode Operations |publisher=EAST team |date=November 15, 2016}}</ref>
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On November 12, 2018, EAST reached a milestone of 100 million °C electron temperature.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://phys.org/news/2018-11-chinese-fusion-tool-million-degrees.html|title=Chinese fusion tool pushes past 100 million degrees|publisher=Phys.org|date=November 15, 2018|access-date=August 10, 2020}}</ref>
In May,
On December 30, 2021, a long-pulse high-parameter plasma operation of 1056 seconds was realized, which once again created a new world record for the operation of the Tokamak experimental device.<ref>{{Citation|title=GLOBALink {{!}}
On April 12, 2023, EAST achieved the world's first 403-second steady-state [[High-confinement_mode|H-mode]] plasma.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://english.cas.cn/newsroom/news/202304/t20230417_329388.shtml|title=Reliable 403 Seconds Stationary H-mode Plasmas Demonstrated on EAST|date=April 17, 2023}}</ref>
== Physics objectives ==
China is a member of the [[ITER]] consortium, and EAST is a testbed for ITER technologies.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2015|title=Study of lower hybrid current drive towards long-pulse operation with high performance in EAST|
EAST was designed to test:
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== See also ==
{{Portal|Nuclear technology|Energy|China}}
* [[ASDEX Upgrade]]▼
* [[China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor]] (CFETR)
* [[HL-2M]]
* [[List of fusion experiments]]
* [[ITER]]
* [[Joint European Torus]]
▲* [[ASDEX Upgrade]]
* [[JT-60]]
* [[KSTAR]]
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* {{official website|http://east.ipp.ac.cn/}} - Official website of EAST Fusion Facility - Chinese Academy of Science
* [http://english.people.com.cn/200601/21/eng20060121_237208.html People's Daily article]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060617021121/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-03/02/content_4247782.htm Xinhua article Mar 1 2006] - Note that EAST is not the "world's first experimental nuclear fusion device".
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060901043025/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-03/24/content_4341563.htm Xinhua article Mar 24, 2006 Nuke fusion reactor completes test]
{{Nuclear power in the PRC}}
{{fusion experiments}}
{{coords|31.91174| 117.14682|display=title}}
[[Category:Tokamaks]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Hefei]]
[[Category:Nuclear
[[Category:2006 in Hefei]]
[[ur:مصنوعی سورج]]
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