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In humans, ''disease'' is often used more broadly to refer to any condition that causes [[pain]], [[Abnormality (behavior)|dysfunction]], [[distress (medicine)|distress]], [[social problems]], or [[death]] to the person afflicted, or similar problems for those in contact with the person. In this broader sense, it sometimes includes [[injury|injuries]], [[disability|disabilities]], [[Disease#Disorder|disorders]], [[syndrome]]s, [[infection]]s, isolated [[symptom]]s, deviant [[behavior]]s, and atypical [[human variability|variations]] of structure and function, while in other contexts and for other purposes these may be considered distinguishable categories. Diseases can affect people not only physically, but also mentally, as contracting and living with a disease can alter the affected person's perspective on life.
Death due to disease is called [[death by natural causes]]. There are four main types of disease: infectious diseases, [[deficiency disease]]s, [[hereditary diseases]] (including both [[Genetic disorder|genetic diseases]] and [[Non-Mendelian inheritance|non-genetic hereditary diseases]]), and physiological diseases. Diseases can also be classified in other ways, such as [[transmission (medicine)|communicable]] versus [[non-communicable disease|non-communicable]] diseases. The deadliest diseases in humans are [[coronary artery disease]] (blood flow obstruction), followed by [[cerebrovascular disease]] and [[lower respiratory infections]].<ref>{{cite web |title = What is the deadliest disease in the world? |url =https://www.who.int/features/qa/18/en/ |publisher = WHO |access-date = 7 December 2014 |date = 16 May 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141217112902/http://www.who.int/features/qa/18/en/ |archive-date = 17 December 2014 |df = dmy-all }}</ref>
The study of disease is called ''[[pathology]]'', which includes the study of [[Etiology (medicine)|''etiology'']], or cause.
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