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An '''atheroma''', or '''atheromatous plaque''' ("plaque"), is an abnormal and reversible accumulation of material in the [[tunica intima|inner layer]]
The material consists of mostly [[macrophage|macrophage cells]],<ref name="pmid20376052">{{cite journal |last1=Hotamisligil |first1=Gökhan S |title=Endoplasmic reticulum stress and atherosclerosis |journal=Nature Medicine |date=April 2010 |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=396–399 |doi=10.1038/nm0410-396 |pmid=20376052 |pmc=2897068 }}</ref><ref name="pmid22356914">{{cite journal |last1=Oh |first1=Jisu |last2=Riek |first2=Amy E. |last3=Weng |first3=Sherry |last4=Petty |first4=Marvin |last5=Kim |first5=David |last6=Colonna |first6=Marco |last7=Cella |first7=Marina |last8=Bernal-Mizrachi |first8=Carlos |title=Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Controls M2 Macrophage Differentiation and Foam Cell Formation |journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry |date=6 April 2012 |volume=287 |issue=15 |pages=11629–11641 |doi=10.1074/jbc.M111.338673 |pmid=22356914 |pmc=3320912 }}</ref> or debris, containing [[lipids]], calcium and a variable amount of fibrous [[connective tissue]]. The accumulated material forms a swelling in the artery wall, which may intrude into the [[Lumen (anatomy)|lumen]] of the artery, [[stenosis|narrowing]] it and restricting blood flow. Atheroma is the [[pathological]] basis for the disease entity [[atherosclerosis]], a subtype of [[arteriosclerosis]].{{fact|date=September 2020}}
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