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The most common side effects include fatigue; low levels of calcium, potassium and phosphate; increased levels of an enzyme called aspartate aminotransferase; headache; and infection in the lungs (pneumonia).<ref name="FDA PR" />
Trilaciclib may help protect bone marrow cells from damage caused by chemotherapy by inhibiting [[cyclin-dependent kinase]] 4/6, a type of enzyme.<ref name="FDA PR" /> Trilaciclib is the first therapy in its class and was approved for medical use in the United States in February 2021.<ref name="FDA PR"/><ref>{{cite web | title=Drug Approval Package: Cosela | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=12 March 2021 | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2020/214200Orig1s000TOC.cfm | access-date=13 September 2021}}</ref> The U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] considers it to be a [[first-in-class medication]].<ref name="New Drug Therapy Approvals 2021">{{cite report | title=Advancing Health Through Innovation: New Drug Therapy Approvals 2021 | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=13 May 2022 | url=https://www.fda.gov/media/155227/download | format=PDF | access-date=22 January 2023 | archive-date=6 December 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206210020/https://www.fda.gov/media/155227/download | url-status=live }} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
Chemotherapy drugs are designed to kill cancer cells but can damage normal tissues as well.<ref name="FDA PR" /> The bone marrow is particularly susceptible to chemotherapy damage.<ref name="FDA PR" /> The bone marrow makes red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets (small fragments in the blood) that transport oxygen, fight infection, and stop bleeding.<ref name="FDA PR" /> When damaged, the bone marrow produces fewer of these cells, leading to fatigue, increased risk of infection, and bleeding, among other problems.<ref name="FDA PR" /> Trilaciclib may help protect the normal bone marrow cells from the harmful effects of chemotherapy.<ref name="FDA PR" />
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