Atheroma: Difference between revisions

The healthy epicardial coronary artery consists of three layers, the [[tunica intima]], media, and [[adventitia]].<ref name=Emed>{{EMedicine|article|153647|Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Waller |first1=Bruce F. |last2=Orr |first2=Charles M. |last3=Slack |first3=John D. |last4=Pinkerton |first4=Cass A. |last5=Van Tassel |first5=James |last6=Peters |first6=Thomas |title=Anatomy, histology, and pathology of coronary arteries: A review relevant to new interventional and imaging techniques-Part I |journal=Clinical Cardiology |date=June 1992 |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=451–457 |doi=10.1002/clc.4960150613 |pmid=1617826 |s2cid=12034096 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Atheroma and changes in the artery wall usually result in small [[aneurysm]]s (enlargements) just large enough to compensate for the extra wall thickness with no change in the lumen diameter. However, eventually, typically as a result of rupture of [[vulnerable plaque]]s and clots within the lumen over the plaque, [[stenosis]] (narrowing) of the vessel develops in some areas. Less frequently, the artery enlarges so much that a gross aneurysmal enlargement of the artery results. All three results are often observed, at different locations, within the same individual.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jebari-Benslaiman |first=Shifa |last2=Galicia-García |first2=Unai |last3=Larrea-Sebal |first3=Asier |last4=Olaetxea |first4=Javier Rekondo |last5=Alloza |first5=Iraide |last6=Vandenbroeck |first6=Koen |last7=Benito-Vicente |first7=Asier |last8=Martín |first8=César |date=2022-03-20 |title=Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8954705/ |journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences |volume=23 |issue=6 |pages=3346 |doi=10.3390/ijms23063346 |issn=1422-0067 |pmc=8954705 |pmid=35328769}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Thoracic aortic aneurysm - Symptoms and causes |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thoracic-aortic-aneurysm/symptoms-causes/syc-20350188 |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=Mayo Clinic |language=en}}</ref>