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The '''Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory''',{{efn|[[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Wolne, Niepodległe i Ściśle Neutralne Miasto Kraków z Okręgiem''}}{{Efn|The [[Polish language|Polish]] variant of name Kraków is occasionally retroactively applied in English to the historical Free City.|name=|group=}} more commonly known as the '''Free City of Cracow''',{{efn|[[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Wolne Miasto Kraków''; [[German language|German]]: ''Freie Stadt Krakau''}} and the '''Republic of Cracow''',{{efn|[[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Rzeczpospolita Krakowska''; {{lang-de|Republik Krakau}}}} was a [[city-state|city republic]] created by the [[Congress of Vienna]] in 1815, which included the Polish city of [[Cracow]] and its surrounding areas.
It was [[Condominium (international law)|jointly controlled]] by its three neighbours ([[Russian Empire|Russia]], [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]], and [[Austrian Empire|Austria]]), and was a centre of agitation for an independent Poland. In 1846, in the aftermath of the unsuccessful [[Kraków Uprising]], the Free City of Cracow was annexed by the Austrian Empire.{{sfn|Degan|1997|p=378}} It was a remnant of the [[Duchy of Warsaw]], which was [[Partitions of Poland|partitioned]]
The Free City of Cracow was an overwhelmingly Polish-speaking city-state; of its population 85% were Catholics, 14% were Jews, while other religions comprised less than 1%. The city of Cracow itself had a Jewish population reaching nearly 40%, while the rest were almost exclusively Polish-speaking Catholics.<ref name="censuses">''Censuses of the Austro-Hungarian Statistical Central Commission'', cited in Anson Rabinbach, ''The Migration of Galician Jews to Vienna.'' Austrian History Yearbook, Volume XI, Berghahn Books/Rice University Press, Houston 1975, p. 46/47 (table III)</ref>
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The Free City was approved and guaranteed by [[Wikisource:Final Act of the Congress of Vienna/Act III#Article VII|Article VII]] of the [[Wikisource:Final Act of the Congress of Vienna/Act II|Treaty between Austria, Prussia, and Russia]] of 3 May 1815.{{sfn|Hertslet|1875|p=127}} The statelet received an [[Wikisource:Final Act of the Congress of Vienna/Constitution of the Free City of Kraków|initial constitution]] at the same time,{{sfn|Hertslet|1875|p=127}} revised and expanded in 1818, establishing significant autonomy for the city. The [[Jagiellonian University]] could accept students from the partitioned territory of Poland. The Free City thus became a centre of Polish political activity on the territories of [[partitioned Poland]].
During the [[November Uprising]] of 1830–1831, Kraków was a base for the smuggling of
{{Polish statehood}}
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