Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Difference between revisions

On 18 November 1738, Peshawar was captured from the Mughal governor Nawab Nasir Khan by the [[Afsharid dynasty|Afsharid]] armies during the [[Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire|Persian invasion of the Mughal Empire]] under [[Nader Shah]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=S.R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4j_VLlGqVSoC&q=peshawar+mughal&pg=PA728 |title=Mughal Empire in India: A Systematic Study Including Source Material, Volume 3 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |year=1999 |isbn=9788171568192 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Nadiem |first1=Ihsan H. |title=Peshawar: heritage, history, monuments |date=2007 |publisher=Sang-e-Meel |isbn=9789693519716}}</ref>

 

[[File:Bala Hisar Fort.jpg|thumb|[[Bala Hissar, Peshawar|Bala Hissar fort]] in Peshawar. The fort was used as a royal residence for the [[Durrani Empire]].]]

The area fell subsequently under the rule of [[Ahmad Shah Durrani]], founder of the [[Durrani Empire]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Alikuzai |first1=Hamid Wahed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YZJcAQAAQBAJ&q=peshawar+capture+durrani+empire&pg=PA204 |title=A Concise History of Afghanistan in 25 Volumes, Volume 14 |date=October 2013 |publisher=Trafford |isbn=9781490714417 |access-date=29 December 2014}}</ref> following a grand nine-day long assembly of leaders, known as the ''[[loya jirga]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Siddique |first1=Abubakar |title=The Pashtun Question: The Unresolved Key to the Future of Pakistan and Afghanistan |date=2014 |publisher=Hurst |isbn=9781849044998}}</ref> In 1749, the Mughal ruler was induced to cede [[Sindh Province|Sindh]], the [[Punjab region]] and the important trans [[Indus River]] to Ahmad Shah in order to save his capital from the Durrani attack.<ref>Meredith L. Runion [https://books.google.com/books?id=aZk9XzqCFGUC&dq=ahmad+shah+durrani+1749+sindh+and+punjab&pg=PA69 ''The History of Afghanistan''] pp 69 Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007 {{ISBN|0313337985}}</ref> Ahmad Shah invaded the remnants of the Mughal Empire a third time, and then a fourth, consolidating control over the Kashmir and Punjab regions. In 1757, he captured Delhi and sacked Mathura,<ref>"Rivalries in India", C.C. Davies, ''The New Cambridge Modern History'', Vol. VII The Old Regime 1713–63, ed. J.O. Lindsay, (Cambridge University Press, 1988), 564.</ref> but permitted the Mughal dynasty to remain in nominal control of the city as long as the ruler acknowledged Ahmad Shah's suzerainty over Punjab, Sindh, and Kashmir. Leaving his second son [[Timur Shah Durrani|Timur Shah]] to safeguard his interests, Ahmad Shah left India to return to Afghanistan.